=Black, William.= =W= President of New Brunswick a.s.sembly, 1831; refuses to furnish information, 19; member of New Brunswick Legislative Council, retires, 72.

=Black, William.= =W= Of Halifax, father-in-law of Judge Wilmot, 137.

=Blackader, Hugh W.= (1808-1863). Descended from Loyalist stock. Began to learn the trade of printer at the age of twelve. Acquired an interest in the _Acadian Recorder_, 1837, and continued to publish the paper until his death. Closely identified with the Reform movement and a strong supporter of Joseph Howe. =Index=: =H= Called upon to prove publication of libel in the _Nova Scotian_, 24. =Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_.

=Black Rock.= =Bk= Opposite Fort Erie, fortified, 197.

=Blackfoot Indians.= A Western confederacy, of Siksika stock. First described in the journal of Anthony Hendry, 1754-1755, and again by Matthew c.o.c.king, 1772-1773. They were then known to the Crees as the Archithinue. c.o.c.king also gives the following for the five tribes in the confederacy: Powestic-Athinuewuck or Water-fall Indians; Mithco-Athinuwuck or b.l.o.o.d.y Indians; Koskitow-Wathesitock or Black-footed Indians; Pegonow or Muddy-water Indians; and Sa.s.sewuck or Woody-country Indians. Their habitat was then, and until comparatively recent times, in the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains, on the upper waters of the Saskatchewan. They are now for the most part on reservations in Alberta. =Bib.=: Pet.i.tot, _Traditions Indiennes du Canada Nord-Ouest_; Grinnell, _Blackfoot Lodge Tales_; _Hendry Journal_ (R. S. C., 1908); _c.o.c.king Journal_ (R. S. C., 1909); Franklin, _Polar Sea_; Catlin, _North American Indians_.

=Blair, Andrew George= (1844-1907). Born in Fredericton, New Brunswick.

Educated there, and called to the bar, 1866. In 1878 member of the New Brunswick a.s.sembly for York; in 1879 leader of the opposition; and in 1883 premier of the province. In 1896 resigned and became minister of railways and ca.n.a.ls in the Dominion government, under Laurier, retiring in 1903. In February, 1904, chairman of the Railway Commission of Canada, resigning in October of the same year. =Index=: =T= Premier of New Brunswick during Tilley's governorship, 138. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can.

Men_; Rose, _Cyc. Can. Biog._; _Who's Who_, 1906.

=Blair, Adam Johnston Fergusson= (1815-1867). Member of the Legislative a.s.sembly of Canada, 1848-1857; appointed to the Legislative Council, 1860; receiver-general, 1863; member of Executive Council and provincial secretary, 1863-1864; president of the Executive Council, 1866.

Appointed president of the Privy Council and a member of the first Dominion Cabinet, 1867. =Index=: =Md= President of Privy Council in first Dominion Cabinet, 134; agrees to support coalition, 137; his death, 138. =B= Called upon to form ministry, but fails, 149. =T= Member first Confederation ministry, 129. =Bib.=: Dent, _Last Forty Years_.

=Blake, Edward= (1833- ). Born in Adelaide, Ontario. Educated at Upper Canada College and University of Toronto. Called to the bar of Ontario, 1859. From 1867 to 1872 a member of Alexander Mackenzie's Dominion ministry; in 1875-1877 minister of justice and attorney-general; and 1877-1878 president of the Council. From 1878 to 1887 leader of the Liberal opposition in the House of Commons. In 1892 went to Ireland and elected member for South Longford in the British House of Commons; retired, 1907. =Index=: =Md= Favours attacks Canadian Pacific Railway scheme, 235; resigns leadership of Ontario Liberals, 1872, 152; attacks government on Redistribution Bill, 274; supports Costigan's Home Rule resolution, 277; contrasted with Macdonald, 277-279; mutual antagonism, 277-279; supports Landry's motion that Riel's sentence should have been commuted, 280; not favourable to commercial union, 296; refuses to run in election of 1891, 315; denounces policy of unrestricted reciprocity, 315-316. =B= His speech at Aurora advocating Imperial federation, 235, 240. =Mc= On when rebellion is justified, 26, 27. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can.

Men_; _Who's Who_, 1910; Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Ewan, _Hon. Edward Blake_; Tache, _Men_.

=Blake, William Hume= (1809-1870). Born in Ireland. Educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and emigrated to Canada in his youth. During the Rebellion in 1837, paymaster of the Royal Foresters. Called to the bar of Upper Canada, 1838. A member of the Legislative a.s.sembly for East York, 1847, and solicitor-general in the La Fontaine-Baldwin administration, 1848-1849. In 1850 chancellor of Upper Canada, retiring March, 1862. =Index=: =BL= Speaks before Reform a.s.sociation, Toronto, 223; elected for York, 279; solicitor-general, 1848, 284; absent in Europe, 284; on Rebellion Losses Bill, 314-315; quarrel with MacNab, 315; burnt in effigy in Toronto, 318; raised to the bench, 337. =E= Returned in elections, 1847, 50; solicitor-general for Upper Canadian first La Fontaine-Baldwin Cabinet, 53; father of Edward Blake; attacks Family Compact; bitter conflict with Sir Allan MacNab, 69. =B= Speaks before Toronto Reform a.s.sociation, 1811, 21; burnt in effigy, 36; in the fight for responsible government, 261. =Md= Challenged by John A.

Macdonald, 36. =Mc= Solicitor-general, debate on Rebellion Losses Bill, 489. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._, and _Last Forty Years_; Read, _Lives of the Judges; Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Blanchard, Hiram.= =H= Supports Confederation, 186; member of Nova Scotia government, 1867, 198; elected to Legislature, but unseated, 202.

=Blanchard, Jotham.= =H= a.s.sociated with Joseph Howe in _The Club_, 10; in House of a.s.sembly, 18.

=Blanchet, F.= =Bk= Arrested, 127; discharged, 128.

=Blanshard, Richard=. Appointed governor of Vancouver Island by Earl Grey; left England, 1849, and reached Victoria in March of the following year by way of Panama. Resigned office in 1850, and in 1851 returned to England. =Index=: =D= First governor of Vancouver Island, 1849, 203; relations with the Hudson's Bay Company, 203-204; nominates provincial government and leaves for England, 204. =Bib.=: Begg, _History of British Columbia_.

=Bleury.= =P= Joins Papineau party, 78.

=Bliss, Daniel= (1740-1806). Born in Concord, Ma.s.s. Educated at Harvard University, Cambridge, graduating in 1774. In 1778 proscribed as a Loyalist, and served with the British army as commissary. At the end of the war, moved to New Brunswick; appointed a member of the provincial Council, and later chief-justice of the Court of Common Pleas. =Index=: =W= Becomes member of New Brunswick Council, 4. =Bib.=: Hannay, _History of New Brunswick_.

=Bliss, John Murray= (1771-1834). Born in Ma.s.sachusetts. Came to New Brunswick in 1786; called to the bar; and elected to the House of a.s.sembly for the county of York. Appointed to the bench in 1816; became a member of the king's Council; and in 1824 administrator of the province for one year. Subsequently a judge of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick. =Index=: =W= Judge of New Brunswick Supreme Court, 4. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Bliss, Jonathan= (1742-1822). Born in Springfield, Ma.s.s. Educated at Harvard University, Cambridge. Emigrated to New Brunswick in 1783. In 1785 elected a member of the provincial Legislature and appointed attorney-general. From 1809 to 1822 chief-justice. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am.

Biog._

=Blue, Archibald= (1840- ). Born in Orford, Ontario. From 1867 to 1881 engaged in journalism. In 1882 appointed secretary of the Ontario Bureau of Industries, which he organized. Deputy minister of agriculture, 1884, and director of the Bureau of Mines, 1891. Appointed Dominion census commissioner, 1900. =Index=: =B= Witnesses shooting of George Brown by Bennett, 255-256. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Bodega Bay.= On the coast of California, lat. 38 18' 20" N., long.

123 2' 28". =Index=: =D= Russian colony there in 1812, 45.

=Boileau, Maitre.= =Ch= Lawyer, employed to contest Champlain's will, 265.

=Bolduc, Father.= =D= Jesuit missionary--supposed to be first priest on Vancouver Island, 178; at Whidby Island, 179.

=Bolton, Colonel.= =Hd= Commander at Niagara, lost in foundering of _Ontario_, 163.

=Bompas, William Carpenter= (1853-1906). Born in London, England.

Ordained deacon, 1859; priest, 1865; came to Canada latter year and a.s.signed to the Mackenzie River district. In 1874 consecrated bishop of Athabaska. In 1884 transferred to see of Mackenzie River, and in 1891 to that of Selkirk. Author of a number of primers in the Athabaskan and Algonquian languages, as well as in Eskimo. =Bib.=: _Diocese of Mackenzie River_; Cody, _An Apostle of the North_; Machray, _Archbishop Machray_; Mockridge, _Bishops of the Church of England in Canada and Newfoundland_. For his native primers, _see_ Pilling, _Bibliography of Athabaskan Languages_.

=Bond, William Bennett= (1815-1906). Born in Truro, England. At an early age went to Newfoundland. Removed to Quebec, 1840; the same year admitted deacon, and ordained priest, 1841. For some time engaged as a travelling missionary; a.s.sistant to the rector of St. George's Church, Montreal, 1848; rector 1862; archdeacon of Hochelaga, 1871; dean of Montreal, 1874. In 1879 consecrated bishop of Montreal; in 1901 archbishop, and in 1904 primate of all Canada. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can.

Men_; Dent, _Can. Por._; _Who's Who_, 1905; Mockridge, _Bishops of the Church of England in Canada and Newfoundland_.

=Bonne, Captain de.= Born in France, and before coming to Canada served in the regiment of Conde. At the siege of Quebec, 1759, in command of the Quebec and Three Rivers militia, and took part in the battle of the Plains and the battle of Ste. Foy. =Index=: =WM= Commands Quebec and Three Rivers militia, 105. =Bib.=: Doughty, _Siege of Quebec_.

=Bonnecamps, Joseph Pierre de= (1707-1790). Born in France. Entered the Jesuit order, and came to Canada in 1741, when he was appointed instructor of hydrography at the Seminary of Quebec. Held that position until the fall of Quebec in 1759. In 1765-1766 laboured among the French refugees on the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon.

=Bonnerme.= =Ch= Physician, accompanied Champlain to Quebec, 41; death of, 46.

=Bonnycastle, Sir Richard Henry= (1791-1848). Born in England. Served in Canada in 1812, and engaged in the capture of Fort Castine. During the Rebellion of 1837-1838 commanded the engineers in Canada West, and defended Kingston in 1838; knighted for distinguished service, 1837.

Afterwards commander of engineers in Newfoundland. =Bib.=: _The Canadas in 1841._ For biog., _see Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Bonsecours, Chapel of.= =L= United to parish of Montreal, 176; commenced by Sister Bourgeois, 177; held in high honour, 178.

=Bontemps, Captain.= =Ch= Brings out settlers, 252.

=Books.= =S= Scarcity of, in Upper Canada, 175. _See also_ Libraries.

=Borden, Robert Laird= (1854- ). Born in Grand Pre, Nova Scotia. Called to the bar, 1878, and practised at Kentville and Halifax; appointed Q.C., 1890. In 1896 elected for the city and county of Halifax to the Dominion Parliament, and for Carleton County, Ontario, 1905. In 1901 succeeded Sir Charles Tupper as leader of the Conservative party.

=Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men; Canadian Who's Who_.

=Borgia's House.= =WM= Wolfe occupies, 189; set on fire by Canadians, 193.

=Boscawen, Edward= (1711-1761). Born in England. Served at Porto Bello, 1739-1740; at Cartagena, 1741; and in the West Indies, 1747. Commanded on the North American station between 1755 and 1757, and in 1758 commander-in-chief of the fleet at the siege of Louisbourg. In 1759 defeated the French in Lagos Bay, and in 1760 commanded the fleet in Quiberon Bay. =Index=: =WM= In command of naval forces at Louisbourg, 73. =Bib.=: Wood, _Logs of the Conquest of Canada_; Doughty, _Siege of Quebec_; _Dict. Nat. Biog._ _See also_ Louisbourg.

=Bossuet, Jacques Benigne= (1627-1704). Churchman and orator; bishop of Meaux; took a leading part in the Gallican controversy. =Index=: =L= On poverty and liberty, 123. =Bib.=: Works: _Histoire Universelle; Oraisons Funebres_. For biog., _see_ Chambers, _Biog. Dict._

=Boston.= =Bk= Flags hung there at half-mast on declaration of war against Great Britain, 208. =Hd= Rebellious sentiment comes to head at, 84; Haldimand doubts wisdom of closing the port, 85; dangerous condition of affairs at, 95-96, 97-98; reception to General Gage, 96; Haldimand's removal to, 103, people of, revile Haldimand, 105; Haldimand's house at, 107; loss at Bunker Hill, 108; Louis Haldimand at, 109; Loyalists leave, 110; Haldimand's rank at, 121. =L= Americans of, their designs against priests and missionaries, 11.

=Boston.= =D= Attacked by natives of Nootka, 1803, and crew murdered, 37.

=Botsford, Bliss= (1813-1890). Born at Sackville, New Brunswick.

Educated at King's College, Fredericton; called to the bar, 1838, and practised at Moncton until 1870. A member of the New Brunswick a.s.sembly, with brief intervals, from 1851 to 1870. In 1865 surveyor-general in the Smith ministry, and a member of the Executive Council, of which he was Speaker from 1867 to 1870. From 1870 to 1890 judge of the County Court.

=Index=: =T= Surveyor-general in Smith government, 91; adds no strength to the government, 92; represents Westmoreland, 115. =Bib.=: Rose, _Cyc.

Can. Biog._

=Bouchard.= =L= Founder of the Montmorency family, 16.

=Boucher de Grosbois et de Boucherville, Pierre= (1622-1717). Came to Canada in 1634 with his father; served as a soldier of the little garrison of Quebec in 1641. Four years later settled at Three Rivers, and having made himself familiar with several Indian languages, employed as interpreter. For nearly a quarter of a century served the town of his adoption in various capacities, civil and military. Filled the office of governor of Three Rivers, with short intervals, from 1652 to 1667.

Visited France in 1661-1662, received by Louis XIV, and given a patent of n.o.bility, and on his return to Canada brought out a number of colonists. In 1667 retired to his seigniory of Boucherville. Left a brief but interesting history of New France, written in 1663, while he was still governor of Three Rivers, and published the following year.

=Index=: =L= His opinion of Laval, 29. =Bib.=: _Histoire Veritable et Naturelle des Moeurs et Productions du Pays de la Nouvelle France_.

Paris, 1664. Reprinted, 1849, 1882, 1883, 1896. The last is in the _Trans._ of the Royal Society for that year, and is edited by Benjamin Sulte, with biographical and bibliographical notes.

=Bouchette, Captain.= =Dr= Conducts Carleton safely to Three Rivers, 113.

=Bouchette, Joseph= (1774-1841). Entered the naval service, 1791; in command of the forces on Lake Ontario; and served in the Royal Canadian volunteers. In 1813 on active service; and in 1814-1816 in England, where he published his topographical and geographical description of Canada. Employed as surveyor-general in delimiting the boundary line between Canada and the United States, 1817-1818. =Bib.=: _Topographical Description of the Province of Lower Canada_; _British Dominions in North America_.