=Bouchette, Robert Sh.o.r.e Milnes.= =P= Exiled to Bermuda for his partic.i.p.ation in Rebellion of 1837, 138; commissioner of customs, Ottawa, 149; sides with Papineau, 149; arrested as a rebel, 149; his letter to Colonel Dundas, 150-153.

=Boudon, Abbe Henri-Marie.= =L= Succeeds Laval as archdeacon of Evreux, 23.

=Boues, Charles de.= =Ch= Vicar-general of Pontoise, contributes to building of Recollet convent, 117; syndic of Canadian missions, 148.

=Bougainville, Louis Antoine, Comte de= (1729-1811). Born in Paris.

Educated for his father's profession of notary; and soon obtained recognition as an advocate in the Parliament of Paris. As a student displayed a remarkable talent for mathematics, and at the age of twenty-two wrote the first volume of a treatise on the Integral Calculus. His mathematical work recognized by the Royal Society in electing him to a fellowship. Joined the army in 1755, and the next year came to Canada as Montcalm's aide-de-camp. Played an important part in the siege of Quebec, and wrote an elaborate journal of the campaign, much of which appears to have been incorporated in Montcalm's _Journal_, published by Abbe Casgrain. Returned to France in 1760, and after serving in Germany, joined the navy. From 1766 to 1769 made a voyage around the world; served in the West Indies during the Revolutionary War, and commanded the van of the French fleet in the action off Chesapeake Bay. Retired from active service, 1790; nominated by Napoleon to the Senate, and raised to the n.o.bility. =Index=: =WM= Aide-de-camp to Montcalm, 1; despatched to France to represent desperate state of colony, 62; commands Grenadiers along Beauport sh.o.r.e, 85; incurs Bigot's hostility, 88; ordered to protect country west of Quebec, 151, 158; interview with Montcalm at Beauport, 160; Vaudreuil writes that safety of colony is in his hands, 161; duped by Wolfe's strategy, 177; criticized by Chevalier Johnstone, 177; his promotion due to court favour, 177; disregards instructions of governor by changing commander at Le Foulon, 178; great reliance placed on him, 178; his failure to reinforce post at the Foulon, 178, 184; his failure to follow British fleet down from Cap Rouge, 184; held responsible for disaster, 210; his delay at Sillery, 211; arrives after battle, 222; his letter to Ramezay, regarding provisions, 226; holds his position at Cap Rouge while rest of army retreats, 229; on march to Quebec, hears of capitulation, 234; replaces Lusignan at Ile-aux-Noix, 245; congratulates Levis on victory of Ste. Foy, 267. =Bib.=: Works: _Traite du Calcul Integral_; _Voyage autour du Monde_; _Essai Historique sur les Navigations Anciennes et Modernes_ (Acad. des Sciences Morales et Pol., Vol. I); _Notice Historique sur les Sauvages de l'Amerique Septentrionale_ (_ibid._, Vol. III). His letters are printed in Doughty, _Siege of Quebec_; and his ma.n.u.script journals are in the Canadian Archives. _See also_ De Kerallain, _La Jeunesse de Bougainville_; Michaud, _Biog. Univ._; Larousse, _Grande Dict. Univ._; Casgrain, _Montcalm et Levis_; Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_; Wood, _The Fight for Canada_; Hart, _The Fall of New France, 1755-1760_.

=Boulay, Angelique Louise Talon du.= =WM= Wife of Montcalm, 5; her grief at his departure for Canada, 8.

=Boulduc.= =F= Prosecutor of Prevote, dismissed, 138.

=Boulle, Eustache.= =Ch= Brother-in-law of Champlain, 134, 145; appointed by Champlain as his lieutenant, 155; returns to France, 209; converted to Roman Catholicism, receives bequest from his sister, 267.

=Boulle, Helene.= =Ch= Marries Champlain, 66; spends four years in Quebec, 141; returns to France, 141; studies Algonquian language, 263; her life at Quebec, 263-264; enters Ursuline convent, 266; dies, 1654, 266.

=Boulle, Nicholas.= =Ch= Champlain's father-in-law, secretary of the king's chamber, 66; pays his daughter's inheritance to Champlain, 67.

=Boulton, D'Arcy.= Born in England. Came to Canada, 1797, and settled at York, 1803. Called to the bar of Upper Canada by special Act of the Legislature, 1803; solicitor-general, 1805. While on his way to England, 1810, captured by a French privateer, and remained a prisoner in France until 1814. Appointed judge of a.s.size, 1818. Died in York about 1830.

=Bib.=: Read, _Lives of the Judges_; Scadding, _Toronto of Old_.

=Boulton, Henry John.= Son of D'Arcy Boulton; born in England, 1790.

Studied law and called to the English bar. Emigrated to Canada, 1816, and practised in Upper Canada. In 1818 appointed solicitor-general; attorney-general, 1829; elected to the a.s.sembly for Niagara; removed from attorney-generalship by colonial secretary on account of his independent votes in a.s.sembly, 1833; proceeded to England to vindicate his actions; appointed chief justice of Newfoundland, 1833; removed from office, 1838, and returned to Canada. Represented town of Niagara in a.s.sembly, 1841-1844, and Norfolk County, 1848-1851. =Index=: =Mc= Solicitor-general, reprimanded, 152-153; dismissed from office of attorney-general, 232; threatens rebellion, 233; chief justice of Newfoundland, 235. =E= Responsible for amendment of Union Act, 123. =BL= Removed from office of attorney-general, 16; in Clergy Reserves debate, 349. =Bib.=: _Short Sketch of Upper Canada_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Cel. Can._

=Boundaries of Canada.= =Dr= Not defined by Const.i.tutional Act, 260.

=Bouquet, Henry= (1719-1765). Born in Switzerland. Served in Holland, Sardinia, and with the Prince of Orange. Was Captain-commandant of the Swiss Guards at the Hague, 1748. Entered the British army; came to America in 1754; with Haldimand and the "Royal Americans"; and held a leading command for several years in the French and Indian wars. Died at Pensacola, Florida. =Index=: =Dr= His services in Pontiac's War, 6; death of, 6; Bouquet papers in British Museum, 7. =Hd= Life-long friend of Haldimand, 5; his early military service, 6; his studious habits, 8; member of Swiss Guards at the Hague, 8; recommended for command in Royal American Regiment, 9; experiences ill-feeling between American colonists and British troops, 12; in Carolina, 13; his letters throw side-lights on the affairs in the colonies, 14-15; popular in military profession, 16; Indian warfare, 16; at Fort Pitt, 16; Haldimand advises him not to leave the service, 40; defeats Indians at Bushy Run, 58; thanked by the king and promoted, 58; death of, 58, 63; Haldimand laments his loss, 62; his tomb, 63; his papers preserved in Canadian Archives, 319; some of his letters missing, 338. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_ and _Conspiracy of Pontiac_; _Canadian Archives Report_, 1889.

=Bourdages.= =P= a.s.sists Papineau in defeating motion for adoption of Lord G.o.derich's offer, 77. =Bk= Made colonel of militia by Sir George Prevost, 158.

=Bourdon.= =L= Brings out a number of girls as colonists, 79. =Ch= Industrious settler, 252, 253.

=Bourdon, Sister Anne.= =F= On divine protection of Quebec, 301.

=Bourdon, Jean= (1602-1668). Born in Normandy. Came to Canada, 1634.

Engaged for some years as a civil engineer and land surveyor; sent on several emba.s.sies to the Iroquois; and in 1657 made a voyage towards Hudson Bay, but prevented by ice from entering the Strait. Mentioned as being at Quebec in 1665.

=Bourgard.= =L= On the zeal of the missionaries, 61.

=Bourgeoys, Marguerite= (1620-1700). Born at Troyes, in Champagne.

Entered the convent of the Congregation of Notre Dame at the age of twenty, and while there decided to devote her life to the colony of New France. Arrived in Quebec in September, 1653, and went on immediately to the new settlement of Montreal. In 1657 opened the first school, in a stable granted her by Maisonneuve. In the same year built a wooden chapel in Montreal. Founded the Congregation do Notre Dame de Montreal in 1659, and in 1686 built the convent. In 1675, with funds obtained from France built the church of Bonsecours. =Index=: =L= Establishes school at Ville Marie (Montreal), 9; her services to the sick on board the _St. Andre_, 32; her labours in instruction of the young, 91; her educational work, 126; Abbe Verreau on influence exerted by, 127; founds Bonsecours Chapel, 177. =F= Establishes Congregation de Notre Dame, 29, 39; impressed on arrival by poverty of country, 39. =Bib.=: Ransonet, _Vie de la Soeur Bourgeoys_; Faillon, _Vie de la Soeur Bourgeoys_; Parkman, _Jesuits in North America_ and _Old Regime_; Colby, _Canadian Types of the Old Regime_.

=Bourget, Ignace= (1799-1885). Born at Point Levis, Quebec. Ordained in 1822; vicar-general of Montreal, 1836; coadjutor bishop of the diocese, 1837; bishop of Montreal, 1840, and created the first cathedral chapter of that city. Founded several religious orders, colleges, and asylums, among others, in 1864, the inst.i.tution for the deaf and dumb, Montreal.

In 1862 created a Roman count and a.s.sistant at the Pontifical Throne. In 1876 archbishop of Martianopolis, _in partibus_. =Index=: =C= His character, 80; dispute with Cartier, 80-83; calls on Cartier, 84.

=Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Bourinot, Sir John George= (1837-1902). Born in Sydney, Nova Scotia.

Educated at Trinity University, Toronto. Chief official reporter to the Nova Scotia a.s.sembly, 1861-1867, and in 1880 appointed chief clerk of the Dominion House of Commons. For many years honorary secretary of the Royal Society of Canada. =Index=: =BL= On Baldwin's University Bill, 293; on Tory opposition to Rebellion Losses Bill, 313, =Bib.=; Works: _Canada under British Rule_; _Federal Government in Canada_; _How Canada is Governed_; _Manual of Const.i.tutional History of Canada_; _Parliamentary Procedure and Government in Canada_; _Canada_; _Builders of Nova Scotia_. For biog., _see_ Rose, _Cyc. Can. Biog._

=Bourlamaque, de.= Born in France. Governor of Guadaloupe; sent in 1756 with Montcalm to Canada as third in command and colonel of engineers. In command at Ticonderoga in 1759; promoted brigadier-general, and took part in the defence of Quebec. Died, 1764. =Index=: =WM= Third in command, 12; holds Amherst in check, 131; evacuates Forts Carillon and Frederic and falls back on Ile-aux-Noix, 146; which he reports himself able to hold till fall, 158; joins army of Levis on march against Quebec, 245; repairs bridges over Cap Rouge River, 248; occupies position at Lorette and Ste. Foy, 249; in battle of Ste. Foy, 256; wounded, 260. =Bib.=: Doughty, _Siege of Quebec_; Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_; Wood, _The Fight for Canada_.

=Bouteroue, Claude de.= Born in France. Came to Canada to act as intendant during the absence of Talon from 1668 to 1670. Returned to France, 1671, and died there, 1680. =Index=: =L= Acts as intendant during Talon's absence, 116. =Bib.=: Charlevoix, _History of New France_.

=Bouthillier.= =Ch= Negotiates restoration of Quebec, 220.

=Bow River Pa.s.s.= Through the Bow Range of the Rocky Mountains, head waters of Bow River. =Index=: =D= Entered by David Thompson, 1805, 58.

=Bowell, Sir Mackenzie= (1823- ). Born in England. Came to Canada with his parents, 1833, and engaged in journalistic work. In 1867 elected to the Dominion House of Commons for North Hastings. In 1878 appointed minister of customs, holding that office until 1891; minister of militia, 1892; and minister of trade and commerce, 1892-1894. In 1894 succeeded Sir John Thompson as premier, and resigned office in 1896.

Created a K. C. M. G., 1895. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._; Morgan, _Can.

Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Bowen, Edward= (1780-1866). Born in Ireland. Came to Canada in 1797; studied law and called to the bar in 1803. From 1809 to 1812 represented Sorel in the a.s.sembly; and in the latter year appointed to the Court of King's Bench. In 1821 appointed a member of the Legislative Council, and in 1835 elected Speaker. In 1849 chief-justice of the Superior Court for Lower Canada. =Index=: =E= Made a judge of the Seigniorial Court, 187.

=Bib.=: Taylor, _Brit. Am._

=Bowes, Colonel.= =Bk= Of the 6th Regiment, a.s.sumes command on death of General Hunter, 69; leaves Canada, 73.

=Bowring, Dr.= =Sy= An a.s.sociate of Sydenham's, 13; trade commissioner to France, 29.

=Boyd, Colonel.= =T= Represents Charlotte County in New Brunswick a.s.sembly, 102.

=Boyd, John= (1828-1893). Born in Ireland. Emigrated to New Brunswick, and engaged in business at St. John. In 1880 called to the Senate, and on Sept. 22, 1893, succeeded Sir S. L. Tilley as lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick. =Index=: =T= Succeeds Tilley as lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick, 138. =Bib.=: Hannay, _History of New Brunswick_.

=Braddock, Edward= (1695-1755). Born in Scotland. Entered the army, 1710, and in 1743 major of the Coldstreams. Served in the expedition to L'Orient, 1746; and under the Prince of Orange in Holland, 1746-1748.

Colonel of the 14th Foot at Gibraltar, 1753. In 1755 general and commander-in-chief in British North America; and on July 9, 1755, commanded the British expedition against Fort Duquesne, where he was defeated and mortally wounded. =Index=: =WM= Death of, at Fort Duquesne, 22. =Hd= His defeat rouses Pennsylvania a.s.sembly to vote military supplies, 13. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_; Bradley, _The Fight with France_.

=Bradstreet, Simon= (1603-1697). Born in England. Educated at Cambridge; and emigrated to Ma.s.sachusetts, where he became a.s.sistant judge of the Court in 1630. In 1631 one of the founders of Cambridge, Ma.s.s.; from 1630 to 1679 a.s.sistant governor of Ma.s.sachusetts; from 1679 to 1686 governor; and from 1689 to 1692 president of the administration of the colony. =Index=: =F= Made governor of Ma.s.sachusetts, 266; on failure of expedition against Quebec, 301. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Bragg's Regiment.= =WM= On British right, 189; in battle of Ste. Foy, 259, 261.

=Brandon House.= Built by the Hudson's Bay Company, in 1794, on the head waters of the a.s.siniboine River, about seventeen miles below the present city of Brandon. The buildings were burnt about 1814, and the post abandoned. =Index=: =MS= Built by Hudson's Bay Company, 6. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_.

=Brandy Question.= =F= Condemned by Champlain, 25; subject of dispute between civil and religious authorities, 46, 115; king's instructions regarding, 116, 118, 120; question referred to a meeting of the princ.i.p.al inhabitants, 121; opinions expressed, 122, 123; king's decision thereon, 125; evils depicted, 335. =L= Sale of liquor to Indians, 7, 36-39, 113; Frontenac's opinion and Colbert's instructions, 170, 171; conference on the subject, 172; Laval's att.i.tude, 173-175; Dollier de Ca.s.son's testimony, 175. _See also_ Liquor question. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_ and _Old Regime_.

=Brant, Isaac.= =S= Son of Joseph Brant, commits murder, 191; attacks his father and is killed by him in self-defence, 192.

=Brant, Joseph= (1742-1807). A Mohawk Indian chief, whose native name was Thayendanegea. Educated at an Indian school in Connecticut. Visited England in 1775. In the Revolutionary War sided with the British and rendered valuable service. Revisited England after the war. Translated the Book of Common Prayer and St. Mark's Gospel into the Mohawk tongue (London, 1787). =Index=: =S= Mohawk Indian, distrusted by Simcoe, 75, 125; visits Philadelphia and received by Washington as Indian emissary, 121; part taken by, in subsequent negotiations, 124, 125; loss of influence with his own people, 125; his motives and policy, 126, 128, 129; kills his son Isaac in self-defence, 192. =Hd= Commands scouting parties, 153; made a colonel of Indians on Haldimand's recommendation, 154; did not harm women or children, 154, 170; his success against rebel force under Lockerby, 169; advises reserve for Six Nation Indians, 258; highly esteemed by Haldimand, 300; Allan MacLean's opinion of, 308; visits Haldimand in London, 327. =Bib.=: Stone, _Life of Brant_; Cruikshank, _Joseph Brant in the American Revolution_; Eggleston, _Brant and Red Jacket_; Ke-che-ah-gah-me-qua, _Life of Brant_; Dent, _Can.

Por._

=Brant, Molly.= =Hd= Sister of Joseph Brant, her influence with Indians, 154; pensioned, 155.

=Brantford.= City of Ontario, on the Grand River. Named after Joseph Brant, the Mohawk chieftain. Founded about 1820.

=Bra.s.sy.= =T= Offers to build European and North American Railway, 25, 27.

=Breadalbane, John Campbell, second Marquis of= (1796-1862). Represented Okehampton in Parliament, 1820-1826, and Perthshire, 1832. =Index=: =Sy= Offers to go to Canada as governor-general, 58. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat.

Biog._

=Brebeuf, Jean de= (1593-1649). Born of a n.o.ble family of Normandy.