=Pope, Joseph= (1854- ). Eldest son of William Henry Pope (_q.v._).

Private secretary to Sir John A. Macdonald, 1882-1891; under-secretary of state, 1896-1908; under-secretary for external affairs, 1908.

=Index=: =B= On the "double shuffle," 107-108. =Md= On Macdonald's early life, prints Campbell's letter, 31; his pen picture of Macdonald, 73; on the double majority, 78; Macdonald's notes on Quebec Conference, 106; Macdonald's negotiations with Howe, 145; does not publish doc.u.ments on last stages of Macdonald's life, 272. =Bib.=: _Memoir of Sir John A.

Macdonald_.

=Pope, William Henry= (1825-1879). Born in Prince Edward Island. Elected to the Legislature and became provincial secretary in the Gray ministry, 1863; represented Prince Edward Island at the Charlottetown Conference, 1864, and the Quebec Conference, 1864; judge of the County Court of Prince County, Prince Edward Island, 1873-1879. =T= Represents Prince Edward Island at Quebec Conference, 77. =Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Prince Edward Island_.

=Population.= =B= Of Upper Canada, doubled between 1842 and 1851, exceeds that of Lower Canada in 1852, 62, 75; in 1841, 82; in 1852, 134.

=Dr= Of Canada in 1763, 9. _See also_ Census.

=Porcupine.= =WM= Sloop of war, commanded by Captain Jervis, 176.

=Porcupine River.= Discovered by John Bell, of the Hudson's Bay Company, in 1842, and explored to its junction with the Yukon, by Bell, in 1844.

In 1847 Alexander Hunter Murray, of the same company, descended the Porcupine to its mouth, and built Fort Yukon, about three miles above the mouth of the Porcupine, on the east bank of the Yukon. In 1869, on the abandonment of Fort Yukon, the Hudson's Bay Company built Rampart House, on the Porcupine River, close to the international boundary. As subsequent surveys proved it to be on American territory, the fort was moved some miles to the east. =Index=: =D= Ascended by Robert Campbell in 1850, 125. =Bib.=: Murray, _Journal of the Yukon_ (Canadian Archives, 1910); McConnell, _Report on the Yukon and Mackenzie Basins_ (Geol.

Survey, 1889).

=Port au Mouton (Acadia).= =Ch= De Monts stops at, 19.

=Port aux Anglais.= =Ch= Louisbourg commonly known as, 236. _See also_ Louisbourg.

=Port Hayes.= On Hudson Bay, captured by Troyes, 206.

=Port Nelson.= Fort built by the Hudson's Bay Company, at mouth of Hayes River, west coast of Hudson Bay, 1669. Afterwards known as York Factory (_q.v._). It was captured by the French under Iberville in 1694, and again in 1697. =Index=: =F= Captured by Iberville, 345; retaken by English, 347; again taken by Iberville. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Laut, _Pathfinders of the West_ and _Conquest of the Great North-West_. _See also_ Iberville.

=Port Royal.= Founded by De Monts in 1605. The basin had been discovered the previous year, and the land granted to Poutrincourt, who named it Port Royal. The early settlement is described in Lescarbot's _History of New France_. Captured by Sedgwick, under the orders of Cromwell, in 1654; restored in 1668. Again captured by Phipps, 1690, and once more restored to France by the treaty of Ryswick, 1697. Nicholson finally captured the place in 1710, and re-named it Annapolis Royal (_q.v._).

=Index=: =F= Capital of Acadia, 270; captured by Phipps, 274. =Ch= Settlement made at, 32; new settlers arrive under Poutrincourt, 36. =L= Captured by English, 229. =Bib.=: Champlain, _Voyages_; Lescarbot, _History of New France_; Parkman, _Pioneers of France_.

=Portages.= _See_ Frog Portage; Giscome Portage; Grand Portage; Methye Portage; Rocky Mountain Portage.

=Porter, G. R.= =Sy= Statistician of Board of Trade, 54.

=Portland Railway Convention.= =W= Its object to secure a shorter route to Europe, 119-120.

=Portland, William Henry Cavendish Bentinck, third Duke of= (1738-1809).

Educated at Eton and Oxford; entered Parliament, 1760; prime minister in 1783; and again in 1807. =Index=: =Dr= Thanks Dorchester for surrendering his fees, 292. =S= Secretary of state, Simcoe's despatch to, explaining his advance in American territory, 143-154; does not approve of the creation of lieutenants for the Upper Canada counties, 197; writes to Simcoe in very commendatory terms, 216. =Bib.=: _Dict.

Nat. Biog._

=Portlock.= =D= With Dixon, sails from England, 1785, 22; discovers that Queen Charlotte Islands are not part of mainland, 22.

=Portneuf, De.= =F= Commands war party from Quebec, 236; captures Fort Loyal, 252; removed for peculation, 330.

=Porto Bello.= =Ch= Champlain's description of, 4.

=Porto Rico Island.= =Ch= Taken and abandoned, by English in 1598, 3.

=Portuguese.= =Ch= Island of Cape Breton once occupied by, 236.

=Post Office.= =Mc= Report on, 153; Mackenzie offered control of department, 225; Lord G.o.derich requests Mackenzie's opinion on, 235; Mackenzie's scheme for reform of, 236; control of the revenue from, 236.

=Bk= Service in Upper Canada, 155. =Md= Savings banks introduced in 1867, 151; rates reduced and unified at same time, 151. =E= Reforms brought about by La Fontaine-Baldwin government, 85-86. =BL= Transferred from Imperial to Canadian government, and reorganized, 338. =Dr= Condition of service in 1788, 243; Dorchester's improvement of, 243.

=Hd= Difficulties of, 129, 131; improved by Haldimand, 131; inefficiency of, in 1782, 193.

=Potash.= =S= Decline in production of, 107.

=Potenger, Maria.= =Bk= Niece of Sir Isaac Brock, 133.

=Potenger, Zelia.= =Bk= Niece of Sir Isaac Brock, 133.

=Pottawotomi Indians.= An Algonquian tribe, allied to the Chippewas.

They ranged over portions of what is now the state of Michigan, and in 1760, when Detroit fell into the hands of the British, occupied a village below the fort. One hundred and fifty of the tribe fought under Pontiac in 1763. In the War of 1812, they took the British side.

=Index=: =Hd= Sioux offer to attack, 148; described as fickle, credulous, and timid, 148. =Bib.=: Pilling, _Bibliography of Algonquian Languages_; Charlevoix, _History of New France_; Parkman, _Conspiracy of Pontiac_.

=Pouchot= (1712-1769). Born at Gren.o.ble, France. Entered the Engineers'

corps of the French army in 1733, and served in Flanders, Corsica, and Germany. Accompanied Montcalm to Canada and took part in the defence of Fort Niagara and Fort de Levis. Served in the campaigns against the British and Indians, until the fall of Quebec in 1759. =Index=: =WM= Quoted with reference to battle of Carillon, 58; in command at Niagara, divides his force, 122; forced to capitulate, 146. =Hd= In command of French fort at Niagara, 25; surrenders, 26; surrenders Fort de Levis, 36. =Bib.=: Doughty, _Siege of Quebec_; Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_; Bradley, _Fight with France_.

=Poulariez.= =WM= Placed in command of French left (Beauport to Montmorency), 158, 174, 175; protests against idea of capitulation, 209; in battle of Ste. Foy, 262.

=Poulett.= =Sy= Maiden name of Sydenham's mother, 4.

=Poullain, Father Guillaume.= =Ch= Recollet missionary, 87; goes to Nip.i.s.sing mission, 149.

=Pouthier, Toussaint.= =Bk= Agent of the Hudson's Bay Company, a.s.sists in capture of Michilimackinac, 210.

=Poutrincourt.= _See_ Biencourt de Poutrincourt.

=Powell, Henry Watson= (1733-1814). Born in England. Entered the army; in 1756 became captain; and in 1759 served in the West Indies; in 1768 and subsequent years stationed in different parts of North America, and in 1771 promoted lieutenant-colonel. Took part in General Burgoyne's expedition in 1777, with the rank of brigadier-general; in July, 1777, in command of Fort Ticonderoga, and held it successfully against the besieging forces of New Hampshire and Connecticut. Returned to England at the end of the American Revolution, and in 1801 promoted general.

=Index=: =Dr= In command at Ticonderoga, discouraging messages from, 179, 180; on surrender of Burgoyne retreats to St. Johns, 180. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Powell, John.= =Mc= Shoots at Mackenzie, 364; his treachery, 365.

=Powell, Colonel Walker= (1828- ). Born in Waterford, Ontario. Educated at the county Grammar School, and at Victoria College, Cobourg. Engaged for some years in mercantile pursuits. Appointed warden of Norfolk County, 1856. Member of the Legislative a.s.sembly for Norfolk County, 1857-1861. Appointed deputy adjutant-general for the Dominion of Canada, 1862. Served during the Fenian Raid, 1866, and in the Rebellions of 1869-1870 and 1885. Adjutant-general of the Dominion, 1875-1896.

Largely responsible for the present militia system of Canada, and aided in the establishment of the Royal Military College at Kingston. =Index=: =R= Adjutant-general, graduate of Victoria College, 144. =Bib.=: Rose, _Cyc. Can. Biog._; Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Powell, William Dummer= (1755-1834). Born in Boston. Called to the bar, 1779. Came to Montreal, and made judge of the district of Hesse with headquarters at Detroit, 1789. Promoted to chief-justiceship, 1815.

Retired from the bench, 1825. =Index=: =S= Judge of Common Pleas in Upper Canada, 178. =Bk= On Brock's victory at Detroit, 262. =Mc= Tries and banishes Robert Gourlay, 92. =Bib.=: Read, _Lives of the Judges_.

=Power, Michael= (1804-1848). Born in Waterford, Ireland. Emigrated to Canada. Ordained a priest, and became cure of La Prairie, which position he held until 1841, when he went to Europe with Bishop Bourget. On his return to Canada appointed bishop of the western part of Kingston, when that diocese was divided. Consecrated, May 8, 1842, and adopted the t.i.tle of bishop of Toronto, from the city in which he resided. During his administration the missions which the Jesuits had formerly held in Upper Canada were restored, and others established by his aid. =Index=: =R= Chairman of the Council of Public Instruction in Ontario--favourable to public schools, 219.

=Prairie de la Madeleine.= =L= Settlement of Christian Indians at, 74.

=Precedence.= =L= Questions of, 163.

=Preferential Trade.= =B= Ended by repeal of corn laws, 31; protests from Canada, 31; _Globe_ defends free trade and urges Canada to help herself, 31-32; Elgin against Canadian dependence on Imperial tariff legislation, 32. =E= Elgin on, 58-59; debates on, in Canadian Parliament, 59.

=Presbyterian Church in Canada.= Had its beginnings early in the eighteenth century in Nova Scotia. In 1776 the Presbytery of Truro, Nova Scotia, was organized; that of Montreal in 1793; and in 1818 the Presbytery of the Canadas was formed in Montreal. In 1831 the united Presbytery became the Synod of Upper Canada; and in 1840 joined the Church of Scotland Synod. In 1844, on the disruption of the Church of Scotland, the (Free) Presbyterian Synod of Canada was organized.

Training colleges were established at Toronto, Halifax, Montreal, and other centres. In 1861 the Free and United Presbyterian synods united as the Synod of Canada Presbyterian Church; and in 1875 all Presbyterian bodies became one in the Presbyterian Church in Canada. =Index=: =E= Secures a share of Clergy Reserves, 153. =B= George Brown's att.i.tude to, 2; the _British Chronicle_ and "disruption," 4; the _Banner_ largely devoted to the interests of, 5, 6. =R= Claims equality with Anglicans, 39; statistics in Upper Canada, 51. =W= Represented by one in New Brunswick a.s.sembly, 69. =Bib.=: Torrance, _Origin of the Canadian Presbyterian Church_ in _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 4; Gregg, _History of the Presbyterian Church in Canada_.

=Prescott, Richard= (1725-1788). Born in England. Entered the army, and promoted major, 1756; lieutenant-colonel, 1762, and served in Europe during the Seven Years' War. In 1773 sent as colonel of the 7th Foot to Canada, and during the next two years rendered good service. In 1775, during the investment of Montreal by the Americans, surrounded while on the way to Quebec with troops and stores, and captured. In September, 1776, exchanged; and in December, third in command of the British army, until again made prisoner, July 10, 1777. Released, and the same year became major-general, and in 1782 lieutenant-general. =Index=: =Dr= Placed in charge of Montreal, 89; leaves Montreal with Carleton, 112; captured by Americans, 113. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Prescott, Sir Robert= (1725-1816). Born in Lancashire, England.

Educated for the army. Promoted captain of the 15th Foot, 1755; served in the expeditions against Rochefort, 1757, and Louisbourg, 1758.