Aide-de-camp to Amherst, 1759; afterwards served under Wolfe in Canada.

Promoted major, 1761; lieutenant-colonel, 1762. During the American Revolution, 1775, took part in the battle of Long Island, and at the attack on Fort Washington; engaged in the expedition against Philadelphia, 1777; promoted brevet-colonel, and took part in the battle of Brandywine; promoted colonel, 1780; major-general, 1781; lieutenant-general, 1793. Sent in 1794 to Martinique, which he reduced.

On April 10, 1796, appointed governor of Canada in succession to Lord Dorchester, who was recalled. In that year the fortifications at Quebec were greatly strengthened under his direction. In 1797 also appointed governor of Nova Scotia and of New Brunswick. Held all three positions until his recall to England, 1799. =Index=: =Bk= Succeeds Dorchester as governor of Canada, 38. =Dr= Succeeds Dorchester as governor, 303.

=Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Bradley, _The Making of Canada_; Lucas, _History of Canada_.

=President and Little Belt.= =Bk= Affair of, 173.

=Preston, Major.= =Dr= Sent to occupy fort at St. Johns, 84; surrenders to Montgomery, 102.

=Prevert.= =Ch= Explorer, gives information to Champlain respecting a copper mine, 13.

=Prevost, Augustin= (1725?-1786). Father of Sir George Prevost. Entered the army; served under Wolfe at Quebec, 1759; became lieutenant-colonel, 1761, colonel, 1777; major-general, 1779; defeated General Ashe at Brier Creek, 1779, and defended Savannah against the Americans the same year.

=Index=: =Hd= Haldimand's correspondence with, 294, 338; proposed appointment of, 330. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Prevost, Major Augustin.= Son of preceding. =Index=: =Hd= Interested in settlement of Haldimand's lands in Pennsylvania, 315; his father, General Prevost, also a friend of Haldimand's, 316.

=Prevost, Sir George= (1767-1816). Born in New York. Entered the army; took part in the battles of St. Vincent, Dominica, and St. Lucia. In 1803 created a baronet and promoted major-general. In 1803 appointed governor of Nova Scotia, and in 1812, governor of Canada and commander of the forces in British North America. In 1812-1813 rendered important service in the defence of Canada against the Americans, but was unsuccessful in his operations in the invasion of New York state, being severely defeated, Sept. 11, 1814. =Index=: =Bk= Governor of Nova Scotia, and second in military command in British North America, 101; arrives in Canada as governor-general and commander of forces, 157; previous career, 157, 158; his appointment satisfactory to French-Canadians, 158; appoints Bedard to judgeship, 158; hampered by his instructions from England, 184; his despatch with reference to the John Henry letters, 188; his cautious instructions to Brock, 190, 194, 204, 216; receives news of declaration of war, 203; officially informed of it, 207; his instructions to Captain Roberts at St. Joseph, 210; praises Roberts for his prompt action, 227; his despatch to Lord Bathurst, 227; sends money and stores to Upper Canada, 229; sends proposal for armistice to General Dearborn, 233; letter of congratulation to Brock, 268, 269; notifies Brock of termination of armistice, 269; disapproves of Brock's proposal to attack Sackett's Harbour, 271; his pacific policy approved by British government, 271; speaks of "infatuation" of British ministers regarding American affairs, 277; letter to Brock recommending att.i.tude of defence, 288; his despatch on victory at Detroit, 295. =P= Arrives as governor, 1811, 32; political quiet restored for a time, 32, 39. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Lucas, _Canadian War of 1812_. _See also_ War of 1812.

=Prevost.= =F= Town-major of Quebec, 257; strengthens defences, 284.

=Prevote (Provost's court).= =F= Abolished, 1674, reestablished, 1677, 107.

=Price.= =Dr= A disaffected Montrealer, 122, 123.

=Price, David Edward= (1826-1833). Born in Quebec. Interested in lumbering. Sat in the a.s.sembly for Chicoutimi and Saguenay, 1855-1864.

Although English-speaking and a Protestant, returned to the Legislative Council for a purely French-Canadian district, 1864. Appointed to the Senate, 1867.

=Price, James Hervey= (1797-1882). Born in England. Came to Canada and settled at Toronto, 1828. Studied law and called to the bar, 1833. Took a leading part in the agitation preceding the Rebellion of 1837, but not concerned in the Rebellion itself. Elected to the Canadian a.s.sembly as member for the 1st Riding of York, 1841; during the succeeding years one of the most influential members of the a.s.sembly; held office as commissioner of crown lands in the La Fontaine-Baldwin government, 1848-1851; defeated at the election of 1851 and retired from public life. Returned to England and settled at Shirley, near Southampton. Died in Shirley. =Index=: =E= Returned to Parliament, 1848, 50; commissioner of crown lands, in La Fontaine-Baldwin ministry, 53; his views on Clergy Reserves, 160, 161, 162. =BL= Commissioner of crown lands--supports Baldwin, 214; his resolution, 215, 216; elected for York, 279; commissioner of crown lands, 284; resolution on Clergy Reserves, 346, 348. =Mc= At Doel's brewery, 330; rebels meet at his house, 362. =Bib.=: Dent, _Upper Canadian Rebellion_ and _Last Forty Years_.

=Prices of Commodities.= =S= In Upper Canada, 114.

=Prideaux, John= (1718-1759). Born in Devonshire, England. Entered the army in 1739 as an ensign. In 1743 took part in the battle of Dettingen; in 1745 promoted captain; in 1748 became lieutenant-colonel; in 1758 colonel; and in 1759 brigadier-general. In 1759 appointed by Pitt, commander of a division of the army in Canada, under the supreme command of General Amherst. Ordered by Amherst to attack Fort Niagara, then one of the strongest of the French forts. On July 7, 1759, made the first a.s.sault on the fort, and on July 11 repulsed an attack by the French. On the same day, while directing the artillery fire, killed by the bursting of one of his own guns. Succeeded by Sir William Johnson, who carried out his plan of operations, the fort capitulating on July 24, 1759.

=Index=: =Hd= Marches against Fort Niagara, 25; death of, 26. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Bradley, _The Fight with France_; Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_.

=Priests.= =Dr= Introduction of, from France, prohibited, 257.

=Primogeniture.= =E= Abolished in Upper Canada with respect to real estate, 87.

=Prince, Colonel.= =Mc= Defends Windsor, 447; shoots prisoners, 447; condemnation for, 448.

=Prince Edward Island.= Under the name of Isle St. John, it appears in Champlain's narrative and on his map. The name is found on earlier maps, and both the discovery and naming of the island have been attributed to Cabot, and again to Cartier, but without sufficient proof. It bore that name until the year 1798, when the present form was adopted, in honour of the Duke of Kent, father of Queen Victoria. During the French regime, it was largely settled by Acadian families, but these were expelled after the island came under British rule. In 1769 the island was granted to a number of proprietors, and settlement was very slow. It formed part of Nova Scotia until 1769, when it was made a separate province.

Responsible government was granted in 1851; and in 1873 the province entered Confederation. =Index=: =E= Land question in, 143-144; 174-175.

=B= Withdraws from Confederation scheme, 185-186. =Md= Electors reject proposals of Quebec Conference in 1865, 147; again reject Confederation terms in 1866, 147; Macdonald's interest in acquisition of, 148; financial difficulties lead to union in 1873, 148-149; railway debt of, a.s.sumed by Canada, 149. =Dr= Carleton arranges to visit, 235; difficulty in transfer of governorship from Patterson to Fanning, 235. _See also_ Charlottetown. =Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Prince Edward Island_.

=Prince of Wales College.= Located at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Founded, 1860, and amalgamated with the provincial Normal School, 1879.

=Prince of Wales Fort.= At the mouth of the Churchill River, Hudson Bay.

Built by the Hudson's Bay Company, between the years 1733 and 1771. It was of ma.s.sive masonry, 37 to 42 feet thick; 310 feet long on the north and south sides, and 317 on the east and west; and is said to have been designed by English military engineers. The walls are still standing, though parts have fallen in. The parapet mounted forty guns, which are still on the walls. _See_ Tyrrell's Introduction to Hearne's _Journey_ (Champlain Society ed., 1910). Hearne was governor of the fort in 1782, when it was captured by the French under Admiral La Perouse. The fort was built on Eskimo Point, just west of the mouth of the river. The present Hudson's Bay Company post stands on the site of a much earlier fort, built by the Company in 1688. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Laut, _Conquest of the Great North-West_.

=Prince of Wales Island.= On the north-west coast of North America.

=Index=: =D= Recognized as Russian territory by Convention of 1825, 118.

=Pringle, Captain.= =Dr= Commands flotilla on Lake Champlain, 154.

=Prison Reform.= =B= Need of, in Upper Canada, shown by George Brown, 90; his strong interest in, 91-92.

=Prisoners.= =Dr= British, in America, 201; exchange of, after Revolutionary War, 207, 208; hardships suffered by Germans captured by Burgoyne, 208, 209; refuse service either as farm labourers or in American army, 210, 211; liberation and embarkation of, 214.

=Proclamation, Royal.= =Dr= Following treaty of Paris, 7; its provisions, 7, 8.

=Proclamation of 1764.= =P= Attorney-general Yorke's opinion of, 11-13; Solicitor-general Wedderburne's views on, 14.

=Procter, Henry A.= (1787-1859). Born in Wales. Served in the army, and became colonel of his regiment. In 1812, being stationed in Canada, ordered by General Brock to prevent the landing of the American troops under General Hull at Amherstburg. This he successfully accomplished, and later defeated the enemy at Brownstown. In 1813 inflicted a severe defeat on the Americans, under General James Winchester, at Frenchtown on the river Raisin. For these services promoted brigadier-general. In August, 1813, forced to retire from Fort Stephenson by Major Croghan. On Oct. 5, defeated by General W.H. Harrison at the battle of the Thames.

For this disaster tried by court-martial and sentenced to be suspended for six months from rank and pay. Afterwards reinstated; served during the later stages of the war, and promoted lieutenant-general. =Index=: =Bk= In command of Niagara frontier, 205; sent to Amherstburg, 215, 235; second in command to Brock, 247; opposed to the attempt on Detroit, 267.

=Bib.=: Lucas, _Canadian War of 1812_. _See also_ War of 1812.

=Programme Catholique.= =C= Issued by _Le Parti Catholique_, 82; its terms, 82; disapproved of by Archbishop Taschereau, 82-83.

=Prohibition.= =T= Bill introduced by Tilley in New Brunswick, 34; difficulty with its enforcement, 35-39; causes defeat of government, 41; Act repealed, 41. _See also_ Liquor question; Brandy question.

=Protection.= =B= Beginnings of agitation for, in Canada, 231; opposed by George Brown, 232-233; at the bottom of objections to proposed Reciprocity Treaty of 1864, 232, 233; secret of its success in 1878, 241. =C= Cartier's views on, 115-116. _See also_ National policy.

=Protestant Protective a.s.sociation.= =Md= Carries on an anti-Roman Catholic campaign, 289.

=Protestants.= =Dr= Feeling aroused among, in connection with Quebec Act, 69. =Ch= Fanaticism of Huguenot agents, 86; had large share of trade, 110; proposed to exclude, 110. =L= Protestantism proscribed in Canada under the French regime, 12.

=Provencal.= =Ch= Uncle of Champlain, officer in Spanish naval service, 2.

=Provincial Secretaries.= =Sy= Duties a.s.signed to, 331.

=Prud'homme.= =WM= Commands Montreal militia, 105.

=Prussia.= =Hd= Becomes a first-cla.s.s power, 6.

=Public Works.= =Sy= Expenditure on, in Lower and Upper Canada, respectively, 317, 318; home government advances money for completion of, 320.

=Puget Sound Agricultural Company.= =D= Organized, 129; agricultural interests of Hudson's Bay Company handed over to, 129; its farms, 129-130; checkered career, 130; McLoughlin first manager, 130; disputes with United States, 130-131; claims settled by commission, 131; Douglas succeeds McLoughlin as manager, 132; epidemic of fever and ague follows first turning of soil about Fort Vancouver, 132; land claims on Vancouver Island, 198; dispute with Langford, 199. =Bib.=: Bancroft, _History of the North-West Coast_.

=Punshon, William Morley= (1824-1881). Born in England. Engaged for a time in the timber business with his father; joined the Methodists, 1838, and ordained a Wesleyan minister, 1845. Worked in London, 1858-1868, and in Canada, 1868-1873, when he returned to England.

=Index=: =R= Ryerson's friendship for, 285; comes to Canada, 285-286; Ryerson's letter to, 288-289. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._; _Dict. Nat.

Biog._

=Purchas, Samuel= (1575?-1626). A graduate of St. John's College, Cambridge. Rector of St. Martin's, Ludgate, London, 1614-1626. Fell heir to a number of unpublished narratives left by Hakluyt, and edited them with many others, in his collections of voyages and travels. =Index=: =Ch= Gives in his _Pilgrims_ English version of Champlain's first narrative, 15. =Bib.=: _Purchas his Pilgrimage_, 1613; _Purchas his Pilgrim_, 1619; _Hakluytus Posthumus, or Purchas his Pilgrimes_, 1625.

=Purchase of Commissions.= =Dr= In Loyalist corps, 217.

=Putnam, Charles S.= =W= A leading barrister of Fredericton, 11.

=Quadra, Juan Francisco de la Bodega y= (1744?-1794). Knight of the Order of Santiago. Made voyages of exploration to the North-West Coast in 1775 and 1779. Governor of Nootka, and met Vancouver there in 1792 for the purpose of arranging the restoration of Nootka to the British crown. =Index=: =D= Voyage to North-West Coast, 7, 14; at Bay of Islands, 15; takes possession for Spain, 15; searches for Strait of Anian, 15; fails to discover mouth of Columbia, 15; sights Mount St.