=La Galissonniere, Rolland-Michel Barren, Comte de.= Came to New France as administrator of the government until the arrival of the governor, Marquis de la Jonquiere. Returned to France, 1749; the same year appointed one of the commissioners on behalf of the French government, to settle the boundaries of Acadia. Head of the department of nautical charts at Paris. Commanded the French fleet at Minorca, 1756, and defeated the British under Admiral Byng. Died in Nemours, France, 1756.

Is said to have furnished money and supplies to the Abbe de la Loutre to enable him to carry on his work in Acadia. =Index=: =WM= Foresaw danger from British colonies, 21. =Bib.=: _Memoire sur les Colonies de la France dans l'Amerique Septentrionale_. For biog., _see_ Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_; _Selections from the Public Doc.u.ments of Nova Scotia_, ed. by Akins; Tyrrell, _Papers_ in _Nova Scotia Doc.u.ments_.

=La Grange-Trianon, Mlle. de.= =F= Becomes wife of Frontenac, 63.

=Laguide, Madeleine.= =F= Niece of Talon, wife of Francois Perrot, 97.

=La Hontan, Louis Armand de Lom d'Arce, Baron de= (1666-1715). Arrived in Canada in 1683; spent some time at Quebec, and also travelled extensively in the West. Embodied the result of his Canadian experiences in a volume of travels, which, especially his extraordinary story of the Riviere Longue, has been the subject of much controversy. Visited Newfoundland in 1692 and 1693; and afterwards travelled in Portugal, Spain, and Holland. =Index=: =F= On treatment of captured Indians at Fort Frontenac, 216; on interview between Frontenac and Denonville, 233; declines to go on emba.s.sy to Iroquois, 261; his account of attack on Quebec by Phipps, 285. =Bib.=: _Nouveaux Voyages dans l'Amerique Septentrionale_, La Haye, 1703. Published in English, London, 1735. For other editions, _see_ Thwaites's edition of the _Voyages_, Chicago, 1905. _See also_ Roy, _Le Baron de Lahontan_ (R. S. C., 1894).

=Laird, David= (1833- ). Born at New Glasgow, Prince Edward Island.

Represented Queens County, in House of Commons, 1873-1876; became became minister of the interior, 1873; and in 1876 appointed lieutenant-governor of the North-West Territories. Succeeded by Edgar Dewdney in 1881. Appointed Indian commissioner for the western provinces and territories, 1898. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._; Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_; Rattray, _The Scot in British North America_.

=Lajoie, Antoine Gerin= (1824-1882). Born in Yamachiche, Quebec.

Educated at Nicolet College, and while there wrote the song _Le Canadien Errant_. Studied law and called to the bar, 1848. One of the founders of the _Inst.i.tut Canadien_, 1849. Took up journalism and was editor of _La Minerve_, 1845-1852. Appointed a French translator to the Canadian a.s.sembly, and later made a.s.sistant to the librarian of Parliament.

Retired from the public service, 1880. =Bib.=: Works: _Cathechisme Politique, ou Elements du Droit Public et Const.i.tutionne du Canada_; _Jean Renard_.

=La Jonquiere, Jacques-Pierre de Taffanel, Marquis de.= Rear-admiral under d'Anville in the disastrous expedition against Acadia, 1746.

Commanded another expedition with a similar purpose, 1747, which was defeated by Anson and Warren. Captured and held for a time in England as prisoner of war. Governor of Canada, 1749-1752. His administration marked by nothing that would further the welfare of the colony; but rather by a determined effort to enrich himself at the expense of the country. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Half-Century of Conflict_ and _Montcalm and Wolfe_.

=Lake Champlain.= _See_ Champlain, Lake.

=Lake George.= South of Lake Champlain. This beautiful lake was known to the Indians as Horicon, and to the French as Lac St. Sacrament. The outlet of the lake, after circling through the forest and pa.s.sing over a series of leaps in the falls of Ticonderoga, flows nearly two miles and enters Lake Champlain just above Fort George. Lying on the recognized thoroughfare, north and south, this lake has been the scene of many memorable conflicts, in the Indian and colonial wars. =Index=: =Ch= Champlain's expedition against Iroquois arrives at, 53. =WM= Battle at, 22; commanded by Fort William Henry, 43. =Bib.=: Reid, _Lake George and Lake Champlain_; Smith, _Our Struggle for the Fourteenth Colony_.

=Lake of the Woods.= On the international boundary, west of Lake Superior. Probably discovered by Jacques De Noyon, about the year 1688.

Fort St. Charles was built by La Verendrye, on the western sh.o.r.e of the lake, in 1732. His son Jean, with the Jesuit missionary Aulneau, and a number of voyageurs, were murdered by the Sioux on an island in the lake, in 1736. In addition to its present name, which is a translation of the name given it by the French, Lac des Bois, it has also borne several other names, Lac des Sioux, Lac des Isles, Lake of the Sandhills, etc.

=Lalemant, Charles.= First superior of Jesuit missions in Canada; arrived at Quebec from France in 1625, with Enemond Ma.s.se and Jean de Brebeuf. They were the guests of the Recollets for two years, until their own home on the banks of the St. Charles was built. Lalemant's _Relation_ of 1625 affords a graphic picture of the life of the little settlement at Quebec, and the early beginnings of the Jesuit missions.

=Index=: =Ch= Jesuit, director of missions, 152; his letter to Provincial of Recollets, 154; wrecked off Canseau Island, 200; professor in College of Rouen, 207; conducts seminary for young Indians, 229; first parish priest, 238; administers last rites to Champlain, 261, 263.

=Bib.=: Douglas, _Quebec in Seventeenth Century; Relation_, 1625; Le Clercq, _etabliss.e.m.e.nt de la Foy_; Parkman, _Jesuits in North America_.

=Lalemant, Gabriel= (1610-1649). Jesuit missionary; laboured with Brebeuf at the mission of St. Ignace, among the Hurons, where he was killed by the Iroquois in 1649. A Parisian by birth, and his family belonged to the cla.s.s of _gens de robe_. =Index=: =L= Sufferings and death of, 5, 62; mentioned, 16. =Bib.=: Ragueneau, _Relations des Hurons_, 1649; Parkman, _Jesuits in North America_.

=Lalemant, Jerome= (1593-1673). Superior of Jesuit missions in Canada, 1645-1650, and 1659-1665. A missionary to the Hurons until 1645, when called to Quebec to a.s.sume the office of superior. Sailed for France in 1650, and returned in 1659 to resume the office of superior. Appointed grand vicar, and his name suggested for bishop of Quebec. =Index=: =L= His opinion of Laval, 35; his exaggerated account of the earthquake, 42-45. =Bib.=: _Journal des Jesuites_; Parkman, _Jesuits in North America_; Douglas, _Old France in the New World_.

=La Loutre, Louis Joseph de.= Sent to Canada by the Society of Foreign Missions at Paris, 1737. Missionary to the Micmac Indians, 1740.

Vicar-general of Acadia under the bishop of Quebec. A determined enemy of British supremacy in Acadia. After the fall of Fort Beausejour, escaped and fled to Quebec. The following year embarked for France, but on the voyage was taken prisoner by a British vessel and kept in confinement for eight years. Returned to France when peace concluded in 1663. Died in obscurity. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_; Richard, _Acadia; Selections from the Public Doc.u.ments of Nova Scotia_, ed. by Akins. _See also_ Acadians, Expulsion of the.

=Lambert, Captain.= =Bk= Commander of _Iphigenie_, and subsequently of _Java_, 123; his death, 123.

=Lamberville, John de= (1633-1714). Jesuit missionary to the Onondagas; forced to leave his mission in 1687, because of Denonville's expedition against the Iroquois. Remained at Cataraqui as chaplain for a time, and at Denonville's request returned to the Onondagas to arrange a treaty of peace. Succeeded in this mission, and resumed his ministry at Cataraqui. In 1688 carried to Montreal, suffering from a severe attack of scurvy. The following year returned to France, as procurator of the mission. Died in Paris. =Index=: =F= Jesuit father, missionary to the Iroquois, 144, 188, 208. =L= Describes the death of Garakontie, 73, 74; his position imperilled, by action of governor and intendant, 215.

=Bib.=: Campbell, _Pioneer Priests of North America_; Parkman, _Frontenac_ and _Jesuits in North America_.

=Le Milletiere, Dubois de.= =WM= Perishes with his men on fireship, 98.

=La Minerve.= Montreal newspaper, established 1826. =Index=: =P= Morin's seditious articles in, 101; denounces every one opposed to Papineau, 122-123. =BL= Praises policy of La Fontaine-Baldwin government, 142; discusses debate in Imperial Parliament on colonial government, 232; La Fontaine's speech in reply to Papineau, printed in, 292. =C= Praises Cartier, 88.

=Lamontagne.= =Ch= Interpreter, 144.

=La Montagne.= A settlement near Montreal. =Index=: =L= Settlement of Christian Indians at, 9, 74.

=Lamotte.= =WM= Chief of the Follis-Avoines, 41.

=La Motte, Pierre de St. Paul, Sieur de.= Came to Canada with the Carignan Regiment, 1665. Built Fort Ste. Anne, at the northern extremity of Lake Champlain, 1666. Two years later took the place of Zacharie Dupuis as commandant at Montreal. Returned to France, 1670. =Index=: =L= Foundation stone of the parish church of Montreal laid on his behalf by Philippe de Carion, 88.

=La Motte Cadillac, Antoine de.= Son of Jean de La Motte, Sieur de Cadillac, de Launay et de Montet. Served for a time in the army, and about 1683 came to Canada in search of fortune or adventure. Married Marie-Therese Guyon at Quebec in 1687; stationed for several years at Port Royal; returned to Quebec, and sent by Frontenac in 1694 to command the post at Michilimackinac. In 1701 built a post at Detroit, went to Quebec in 1709, sailed for France, and in 1713 sent out to Louisiana as governor. =Index=: =F= Post commander at Michilimackinac, 340. =Bib.=: _Cadillac Papers_ (Michigan Hist. _Papers_, 1903); Sulte, _Les Tonty_ (R. S. C., 1893); Roy, _Le Baron de Lahontan_ (R. S. C., 1894); Verreau, _Quelques Notes sur Antoine de Lamothe de Cadillac_; Parkman, _Old Regime_ and _Frontenac_.

=La Mouche.= =L= Nephew of Huron chief, deserts to the Iroquois at Long Sault, 71.

=Lampman, Archibald= (1861-1899). Educated at Trinity University, Toronto, graduating in 1882; appointed to a clerkship in the post-office department at Ottawa the following year, and remained there up to the time of his death. Put the best of himself into his poems, in which he interpreted with rare discernment and charm the spirit of the woods and fields of his native country. =Bib.=: Works: _Among the Millet_; _Lyrics of Earth; Poems_, ed. by Duncan Campbell Scott, with biog. sketch. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_; MacMurchy, _Canadian Literature_.

=Lancaster, Joseph= (1778-1838). Founded the Lancasterian system of education. In 1798 began teaching poor children on the Madras system; and gradually introduced improvements. In 1818 came to America, and at one time conducted a school in Montreal. Published several books on his system of education. =Index=: =W= Founder of Madras system of national schools, 86. _See also_ Madras schools. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Landry, Pierre Armand= (1846- ). Born in Dorchester, New Brunswick.

Educated at St. Joseph's College, Memramcook; studied law and called to the bar of New Brunswick, 1870. Member of the a.s.sembly, 1878-1883; elected to the House of Commons, 1883; appointed judge of the County Court, 1890; puisne judge of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick, 1893.

=Index=: =Md= His motion of regret that sentence of death pa.s.sed upon Riel not commuted, 280-281. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Lands, Public.= =Mc= Evils of methods of granting, 74; list of grants in first thirty-five years, 74. =Bk= Grants made near Niagara to previously disloyal persons, 64. =W= Dissatisfaction over management of, in New Brunswick, and movement to bring under provincial control, 18-30, 38, 48. =T= Improper sales of, 51-52. =S= Land boards attempt to check speculation, 102; discontinued, 104; grants of, dealt with by Executive Council after discontinuance of boards, 101-103, 104; grants of, made to officers of the government, 215.

=Langelier, Francois Charles Stanislas= (1838- ). Born at Ste. Rosalie, Quebec. Educated at Laval University; studied law and called to the bar, 1861. Joined the staff of Laval, and became dean of the law faculty, and member of the council. Entered public life in 1871; returned for Montmagny, 1873, and for Portneuf, 1878, in Legislature; sat for Megantic, 1884; and for Quebec Centre, 1887, in Dominion House. Held the offices of commissioner of crown lands, and provincial treasurer, in the Quebec government, 1878-1879. =Index=: =C= One of the founders of _Le Parti National_ and its organ _Le National_, 30. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can.

Men_.

=Langevin, Sir Hector Louis= (1826-1906). Born at Quebec. Entered Parliament in 1867, as member for Dorchester; subsequently represented, successively, Charlevoix, and Three Rivers. Appointed secretary of state, 1867; minister of public works, 1869; postmaster-general, 1878; and again minister of public works, 1879; resigned 1891. =Index=: =Md= Secretary of state in first Dominion Cabinet, 134; his organizing ability and great local influence, 140; announces death of Sir John A.

Macdonald, 325-326. =T= Delegate to Charlottetown Conference, 74-75; to Quebec Conference, 76; member of first Dominion ministry, 129. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Taylor, _Brit. Am._; Rose, _Cyc. Can. Biog._

=Langhorn, John.= =S= Second Church of England clergyman to arrive in Upper Canada, 158.

=Langlade.= _See_ Mouet de Moras de Langlade.

=Langlois, Francoise.= =Ch= Wife of Pierre Desportes, 146.

=Langlois, Marguerite.= =Ch= Wife of Abraham Martin, 146.

=Langlois, Noel.= =Ch= Settler from Normandy, 252.

=Langoissieux, Pierre.= =Ch= Recollet, a.s.sumes monastic habit, 149; returns to France, 209.

=Languedoc.= =WM= Battalion of regular troops, 29, 105, 118, 192.

=La Noue.= _See_ Robutel.

=Lanjuere, de.= =L= _Life of Olier_ by, 135.

=Lansdowne, Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice, fifth Marquis of.= Born in 1845. Educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford; succeeded to marquisate, 1866. After holding minor offices in the government, became under-secretary for war in 1872, and in 1880 under-secretary for India.

In 1883 appointed governor-general of Canada; and at the end of his term, 1888, went to India as viceroy. On his return, became secretary for war in 1895, and in 1900 foreign secretary. Since the death of the Duke of Devonshire, has been the leader of the Conservatives in the House of Lords. =Bib.=: _Who's Who_.

=Lapause, De.= =WM= Sent to erect defences at fords of Montmorency, 112; accompanies Levis to the West, 147; in battle of Ste. Foy, 257, 261.

=La Peltrie, Marie Madeleine de= (_nee_ =de Chauvigny=). Daughter of the Seigneur de Vaubougon, in Normandy; married early in life, and while still young was left a widow with a large fortune. Filled with religious zeal, devoted herself and her fortune to the founding of the Ursuline convent in Canada. In 1639 sailed for Quebec, and with her companions began there the important work of ministering to the sick and educating Indian girls. With tireless energy, carried on the work for thirty-two years, dying in November, 1671, a few months before her lifelong friend and co-worker, Marie de l'Incarnation (_q.v._). =Index=: =F= Arrival of, at Quebec, 28; accompanies Maisonneuve to Montreal, 33. =L= Her piety, 92; Ursuline convent established by, 125; death of, 153; appearance and character, 153, 154. =Bib.=: Douglas, _Old France in the New World_; Parkman, _Jesuits in North America_ and _Old Regime_.

=La Perouse, Jean Francois de Galaup, Comte de= (1741-1788). French admiral. =D= Explores North-West Coast in 1788, 25. =Bib.=: _Voyage autour du Monde_; Marcel, _Vie de La Perouse_.