=Knox College.= Presbyterian Theological College, established, 1844.

=Index=: =R= Established by Free Church Presbyterians, a secondary school at first, 155. =Bib.=: Caven, _Historical Sketch of Knox College_ in _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 4.

=Knutsford, Henry Thurston Holland, first Viscount= (1825- ).

Represented Midhurst in Parliament, 1874-1885, and Hampstead, 1885-1888; secretary of state for the colonies, 1887-1892. =Index=: =Md= Macdonald's letter to, on Confederation, 158.

=Kondiaronk.= =F= Huron chief, wrecks peace negotiations with Iroquois, 222. =L= Treachery of, 216; becomes friend of the French, 235. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_.

=Kootenay District.= In British Columbia. =Index=: =D= First explored by David Thompson, 58.

=Kuprianoff, Ivan Andreevich.= =D= Succeeds Wrangell in Russian America, 1836, 45.

=L'Alouette.= =Ch= One of De Caen's vessels, 156.

=L'Ange, Captain.= =Ch= Meets Champlain on his return from the Upper Ottawa, 78.

=L'Anticoton.= =Ch= Pamphlet against Jesuits, 153.

=L'Avenir.= Newspaper, of Montreal. =C= Organ of _Club democratique_, 26, 27. =E= Organ of the _Parti Rouge_, 108. =BL= Organ of the Radicals of Lower Canada,--demands universal suffrage, etc., 343.

=Laas, Captain de.= =WM= In battle of Ste. Foy, 263.

=La Barre, Joseph Antoine Lefebvre de.= Governor of La Guyane in 1665; and in 1682 arrived in Quebec as governor of Canada. His administration marked by hopeless incompetence; recalled, 1685. =Index=: =L= Succeeds Frontenac as governor, 168; a feeble administrator, 185; prejudiced at first against the bishop, 188; convokes a special a.s.sembly, 190; asks for more troops, 191; his expedition against Iroquois, 193; makes terms of peace, 193; recalled, 193. =F= Governor, arrival of, 171; summons conference on Indian question, 172; applies for troops, 172; criticized in despatches by intendant, 173, 174; takes to illegitimate trading, 175; disparages discoveries of La Salle, 176; seizes Fort Frontenac and Fort St. Louis, 177, 179; instructed to restore to La Salle all his property, 180; his unwise instruction to Iroquois, 180; decides to make war on Senecas, 181; corresponds with Colonel Dongan, governor of New York, 182; leads expedition, 183; arranges ignominious terms of peace, 186; recalled, 188; unfitness for his position, 189; results of his weak policy, 198, 209. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_ and _La Salle_.

=Laberge, C. J.= =C= A Liberal leader in Quebec, 25; on Dorion, 28; kept in opposition by Radical programme, 29.

=Labrador.= The name has been popularly applied to the whole territory bounded by the Atlantic, Hudson Strait, and Hudson Bay, which includes not only the Labrador coast-strip, but also a portion of the North-West Territories. Also known at one time as New Britain. The name is properly applied to the strip of coast from Cape Chidley to Blanc Sablon, forming a dependency of the colony of Newfoundland. On various theories as to origin of name, _see_ Ganong, _Cartography of Gulf of St. Lawrence_ (R.

S. C., 1889). The boundaries have long been in dispute between Newfoundland and Canada, and the territory has several times changed hands. The Labrador coast was first discovered by the Northmen, in the tenth century. Cabot sailed along the coast in 1498, and Corte-Real in 1500. The interior remained practically unexplored till traversed by officers of the Hudson's Bay Company about 1840. There are a few posts of the Hudson's Bay Company on the coast. The southern portion is inhabited by a primitive race of fishermen; in the north are several missions of the Moravian Brethren, first established there in 1764.

=Index=: =Dr= Canadians pet.i.tion for its restoration to Canada. =Bib.=: Cartwright, _Sixteen Years on the Coast of Labrador_; Hind, _Explorations in Interior of Labrador_; Packard, _The Labrador Coast_; Stearns, _Labrador_; Dawson, _Canada and Newfoundland_; Grenfell, _Labrador_; Hubbard, _A Woman's Way through Unknown Labrador_; Gosling, _Labrador, Its Discovery and Development_.

=Labreche, L.= =E= Member of the _Parti Rouge_, 108.

=La Caffiniere, De.= =F= Commander of squadron sent against New York, 234.

=La Canardiere.= =F= Former name of Beauport flats, 293. =WM= French position on Beauport sh.o.r.e, 94, 105, 134.

=Lac aux Claies.= =S= Renamed Lake Simcoe in honour of Governor Simcoe's father, 207. _See_ Simcoe.

=Lac de Soissons.= =Ch= Name given by Champlain to Lake of Two Mountains, 75.

=La Chaise, Francois d'Aix= (1624-1709). Born at the castle of Aix in Forez. Entered Society of Jesus, and provincial of his order when selected by Louis XIV as his confessor in 1675. Retained that difficult position up to the time of his death. =Index=: =L= His report on the liquor question, 174; his letter to Laval, 238.

=La Chesnaye.= _See_ Aubert de la Chesnaye.

=La Chesnaye Settlement.= =F= Iroquois raid on, 226. =L= Ravaged by Iroquois, 228.

=Lachine.= Said to have been named by La Salle's men, in derision of his dream of a westward pa.s.sage to China. The land was granted by the Sulpicians to La Salle as a seigniory in 1666; and from here he set forth on his memorable explorations, in 1669. Twenty years later, this was the scene of a terrible ma.s.sacre by the Iroquois. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Lachine became of importance as the starting-point of the brigades of the fur traders, bound for the far West. =Index=: =L= Origin of the name, 148; ma.s.sacre of, 225. =F= Description of ma.s.sacre at, 10, 224, 225. =Bib.=: Parkman, _La Salle_ and _Frontenac_; Girouard, _Lake St. Louis and Cavelier de la Salle_.

=Lachine Ca.n.a.l.= =BL= Construction of, provided for by government in 1841, 98. =Bib.=: Rheaume, _Lachine and Origin of its Ca.n.a.l_ (Women's Can. Hist. Soc. _Trans._, vol. 2). _See also_ Ca.n.a.ls.

=Lachine Railway.= =E= Commenced in 1846, 99.

=La Colonbiere, De.= =L= On zeal and devotion of Laval, 23; preaches Laval's funeral sermon, 40, 265; his account of Laval, 256, 257.

=Lacombe, Albert= (1827- ). Born at St. Sulpice, Quebec. Ordained priest, 1849, and immediately left for the western field. Laboured among the Crees and other western tribes for many years, and devoted much time to the study of their languages. Vicar-general of the diocese of St.

Albert. =Bib.=: _Dictionnaire et Grammaire de la Langue des Cris_. _See also_ Pilling, _Bibliography of Algonquian Languages_.

=La Corne de St. Luc, Louis Luc.= Stationed at Fort St. Frederic (Crown Point), 1741-1747; at La Presentation in 1752; and the following year sent to take command of the posts west of Lake Superior. In 1758 mentioned at Quebec; and the following year back once more at La Presentation. In 1761, one of the seven survivors of the wreck of _L'Auguste_. Remained in Canada after the conquest, and in 1775 raised a company of Indians to act against the Americans. =Index=: =Dr= Accused in connection with Walker affair, 36; tried and acquitted, 38; member of Council appointed under Quebec Act, 91. =WM= Unable to cope with Sir William Johnson's army, 146. =Hd= Repulsed by Haldimand at Fort Ontario, 26; one of the few saved in wreck of _L'Auguste_, 40. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_ and _Pontiac_.

=La Corne, Pierre.= Accompanied Joncaire on an emba.s.sy to the Indians of Niagara, 1720. Sent to Acadia with De Ramezay, 1747. Took part in the action at Grand Pre. Returned to Quebec, but again sent to Nova Scotia to induce the Acadians to remove from the province. After the failure of the attempt, returned to Quebec, and took an active share in the military expeditions of the next ten years. Distinguished himself at the siege of Quebec, 1759, where he had command of a body of local troops.

=Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_; _Historical Doc.u.ments relating to the Province of Nova Scotia_, ed. by Akins.

=Lacoste, Sir Alexandre= (1842- ). Born at Boucherville, Quebec.

Educated at Laval University; studied law and called to the bar of Lower Canada, 1863. A member of the Legislative Council of Quebec, 1882; and in 1884 called to the Senate; appointed Speaker, 1891. Chief-justice of the Court of Appeal of Quebec, 1891-1907. Sworn of the Privy Council, and knighted, 1892. Administrator of Quebec, 1898. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can.

Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Lacoste, Louis= (1798-1878). Born at Boucherville, Quebec. Educated at St. Sulpice College, Montreal, and called to the bar of Lower Canada.

Sat in the Legislative a.s.sembly of Lower Canada, 1834-1838, and in the Legislative a.s.sembly of Canada, 1843-1861. Elected a member of the Legislative Council, 1861. Appointed to the Dominion Senate, 1867.

=La Dauversiere, Roger de.= =F= One of the founders of Montreal colony, 32.

=La Durantaye.= _See_ Morel de la Durantaye.

=Lady Maria.= =Dr= British vessel on Lake Champlain, 154.

=La Famine.= =F= La Barre's army encamps at, 184.

=Lafayette, Marie Jean Paul Joseph Roche Yves Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de= (1757-1834). Sailed for America in 1777, with a number of other French officers, and appointed by Congress a major-general. Met Washington at Philadelphia, and a close friendship sprang up between the two. Wounded at Brandywine. Given command of a division of Washington's army. In 1778 appointed to the command of an expedition against Canada, which ended in a fiasco. Served with distinction at Monmouth, and later in Virginia. Secured from France an auxiliary force of 6000 men to a.s.sist the Americans. After the close of the war, commanded a division of the French army in the war against Austria, 1792, but removed by the Jacobins, and fled to Belgium. Captured, and imprisoned by the Austrians, and not set free until 1797. After Waterloo, sat in the Chamber of Deputies, 1818-1824; visited the United States in the latter year; and in 1830 instrumental in placing Louis Philippe on the throne.

=Index=: =Hd= His letter to Canadians, 128; Pillon's treasonable correspondence with, 278. =Bib.=: _Memoires, etc., de Lafayette_; La Bedolliere, _Vie Politique du Lafayette_; Cloquet, _Souvenirs de la Vie Privee du Lafayette_. _See also_ _Cyc. Am. Biog._, with further bibliog.

=Lafitau, Joseph-Francois.= Jesuit missionary in Canada for many years.

Afterwards returned to France, where he became a professor of belles-lettres. Chiefly remembered because of his invaluable work on the manners and customs of the Indian tribes of Canada in the early years of the eighteenth century. =Bib.=: _Moeurs des Sauvages Ameriquains_.

=Laflamme, Rodolphe= (1827-1893). Born in Montreal. Entered public life as member for Jacques-Cartier in Dominion House, 1872; minister of inland revenue, 1876; resigned with the government, 1878. =Index=: =E= Member of _Parti Rouge_, 108. =C= Liberal leader in Quebec, 25, 20; protests against Dorion entering Cartier's administration, 106-107.

=Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_.

=La Fleche, College of.= =L= Laval studies at, 19, 20.

=La Fleque.= =Ch= One of De Caen's vessels, 156.

=La Fontaine, Sir Louis-Hippolyte, Bart.= (1807-1864). =BL= His name a.s.sociated with responsible government, ix; espouses cause of Reformers in Lower Canada, 46; no sympathy with Rebellion, 47; his birth and parentage, 47; education--practises law in Montreal--his marriage, 47; in politics, 47-48; arrested for complicity in Rebellion, but released, 49; on the union, 57; opposes union of the provinces, 61; offered and refuses solicitor-generalship, 61; meets Hincks, 63; defeated in Terrebonne, 70; favours ministerial responsibility, 70-71; reconciled to the union, 71; his refusal to accept office leaves French-Canadians without representation in executive, 1841, 78, 79; elected for York,116-117; Bagot's letter to, offering attorney-generalship of Lower Canada, 123-124; declines appointment, 125; referred to in Draper's speech, 127; his speech in reply to Draper, 128; takes office, 132; attorney-general for Lower Canada, 133; re-elected in York, 134; att.i.tude of Tories, 139; significance of his alliance with Baldwin, 142-143; personal appearance, 147-148; attacked by London _Times_, 150; relations with Metcalfe, 164-176; Kaye's description of, 169; Hincks'

comments on Kaye, 170; interview with Higginson, 172-173; his published memorandum, 173-176; his work in the a.s.sembly, 178-179; seconds resolution to remove capital to Montreal, 182; his act for securing independence of Legislative a.s.sembly, 184; reorganization of judicial system of Lower Canada, 184-185; resigns office, 1843, 199; interview with Metcalfe, 201; draws up official statement of reasons for resignation of ministers, 201-205; Metcalfe's statement, 205-209; announces resignation in a.s.sembly, 213; returns to practise law in Montreal, 217; Wakefield on, 219; his health proposed at Toronto banquet, 221; Viger's criticism of, 236; Draper on, 236; resigns as Queen's Counsel, 250; elected in Terrebonne, 251; his proposed resolution on use of French in the Legislature, 255; Draper's overtures to, 258-263; his contention for responsible government, 273; seconds Baldwin's amendment to address on responsible government, 277; his speech, 277; elected, 1848, for both Montreal and Terrebonne, 279; forms with Baldwin the second La Fontaine-Baldwin administration, 281, 284; interview with Elgin, 285-286; re-elected, 286; secures a pardon for Papineau, 288; attacked by Papineau, 289; his reply, 290-292; his bill amending judicial system of Lower Canada, and the general law of amnesty, 302-303; his bill for redistributing seats in the Legislature is defeated, 303; the Rebellion Losses Bill, 303, 305-334; his political views, 339, 340; relations with George Brown, 342; opposition of Papineau and the Radicals, 342, 343; not in favour of secularization of Clergy Reserves, 348; his views on Seigniorial Tenure, 350-351, 353; votes against Mackenzie's motion for abolishing the Court of Chancery, 352; his letter to Baldwin, 353; his retirement from public life, 354; banquet in his honour at Montreal, 1851, 354; his farewell speech, 354-357; his resignation, 357; appointed chief-justice, of Lower Canada, and created a baronet, 358; his second marriage, 358; his death at Montreal, Feb. 26, 1864, 358; value of his political work, 239-260. =B= Brought into Cabinet by Bagot, 16; dispute with Metcalfe, 19; his wise leadership, 24; introduces resolutions on Rebellion Losses questions, 35; disintegration of old Reform party hastened by his retirement, 262.

=E= Denounces Union Act, 24; accepts the union and turns it to the advantage of his compatriots, 32; conflict with Metcalfe, 33-34; as opposition leader, 44-45; returned in 1848, 50; his plans thwarted by Papineau, 51, 108; forms administration with Baldwin, 52, 53; his resolution on Rebellion Losses Bill, 67-68; takes part in the debate, 69-70; mob attacks his house and burns his library, 74; second attack by mob, 76-77; his retirement, 1851, and dissolution of government, 85; his part in the establishment of the parliamentary system, 90; his att.i.tude towards Clergy Reserves question, 102, 103, 162-164; his resignation, 104, 107; practises law, 105; becomes chief justice of Court of Appeals of Lower Canada, 105; receives baronetcy, 105; his rank as statesman and jurist, 105; his death, 105, 220; his conservative influence, 138; his views on Seigniorial Tenure question, 185, 187; as a constructive statesman, 236. =C= Sides against the government, 6; statesmanlike att.i.tude towards Union of 1841, 16; forms alliance with Baldwin, 16, 97; forms ministry, 16; resigns, 17; called to power again in 1846, 18; standing as a statesman, 23; his party splits in two, 25-26; protests against Union Act of 1840, 96; his fight for ministerial responsibility, 97; long lease of power, 99; wins const.i.tutional battle, 100; his retirement from politics, 132. =P= Refuses seat in Draper ministry, 72; joins Papineau's party, 78; supports him in his violent att.i.tude towards government, 86; at meeting of Const.i.tutional Committee, 88; his character, 109; ridiculed by the _Mercury_, 123; relations with Papineau in 1847 and after, 167-180; split in Liberal party causes retirement, 179-180; his farewell speech, 179. =R= Forms opposition party with Baldwin, Hincks, and others, 122. =Mc= Addresses revolutionary meetings, 328. =Md= Given seat in administration by Bagot, 18; resigns, 1843, 18; attacked by extreme Reformers, 22; forms administration with Baldwin, 30; elevated to the bench, 46-47. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Taylor, _Brit. Am._; David, _Biographie et Portraits_; Hincks, _Reminiscences_.

=La Forest.= =F= Left in charge of Port Nelson, 346.

=La Franchise, Sieur de.= =Ch= Letter from in Champlain's first narrative, 14.