=La Perriere.= =WM= Commanded to evacuate Johnstone's redoubt, 140.

=La Place, Jacques de.= =Ch= Jesuit missionary at Miscou, 234.

=La Potherie.= _See_ Bacqueville.

=Laprairie.= On south sh.o.r.e of St. Lawrence, above Montreal. =Index=: =F= Attack on, by war party under John Schuyler, 281; serious encounter at, between Canadian forces and party under Peter Schuyler, 312.

=La Rabeyre, De.= =L= French officer, put to death by Iroquois, 227.

=La Ralde, Raymond de.= =Ch= Accompanies De Caen to Quebec, 138; returns to France, 141; appointed admiral of Company's fleet, 154.

=La Riborde, Gabriel de.= Recollet missionary; arrived from France in 1670, and sent to Cataraqui as chaplain to the garrison. Was in the West with La Salle and Hennepin, in 1679-1680. =Index=: =L= With Tonti and Membre at Fort Crevecoeur, 149; murdered by the Illinois, 150. =Bib.=: Parkman, _La Salle_.

=La Rochebeaucour, De.= =WM= Second aide-de-camp to Montcalm, 2; forms cavalry corps, 87; commands Bougainville's cavalry, 222; brings provisions into Quebec, 232.

=La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, Francois Alexandre Frederic, Duc de= (1747-1827). Chiefly remembered because of his valuable and entertaining _Travels_, "full of keen, fair-minded observation regarding every variety of detail of life in America as this exiled French n.o.bleman found it, told in a readable style, not without an occasional touch of humour." Exiled from France in 1768; returned, for several years, and went into retirement until after Waterloo. Made a peer of France at the Restoration. =Index=: =Dr= Not allowed to visit Lower Canada, 290. =S= Visitor to Upper Canada, 56; his observations, 71, 73, 74; describes opening of Legislature, 92, 93; high opinion of Simcoe's secretary, 178; describes Colonel Smith's house, 179; on scarcity of servants, 182; entertained by Simcoe at Navy Hall, 187, 230; on Simcoe's household, 187; Simcoe objects to some of his remarks, 188; on Simcoe's military talent, 225. =Bib.=: Works: _Voyage dans les etats-Unis d'Amerique fait en 1795-97_; _etat des Pauvres en Angleterre_; _Le Bonheur du Peuple_.

=La Roch.e.l.le.= French seaport, on the Atlantic, long a stronghold of the Huguenots. =Index=: =Ch= Merchants of, contraband traders, 140.

=La Rouette.= =Ch= Pilot, accompanies Champlain in his expedition against the Iroquois, 52.

=La Salle, Jean Baptiste de= (1651-1719). Abbe; canon of Rheims.

=Index=: =L= Founder (1684) of the order of Christian Brothers, 125.

=La Salle, Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de= (1643-1687). Sailed for Canada in the spring of 1666; granted by the Sulpicians the seigniory of Lachine, from which, in 1669, he set out with Dollier de Ca.s.son and Galinee upon the first of those explorations towards the west and south for which he was to become famous. Meeting Jolliet at the western end of Lake Ontario, Dollier de Ca.s.son and Galinee decided to make their way to the upper lakes, while La Salle turned south and explored the Ohio. His later explorations have been the subject of long controversy--the point in dispute being whether he explored the Mississippi before or after Marquette and Jolliet. In any event, he first descended the river to its mouth, 1681-1682. Upon his return, sailed for France, and in 1684 set out with four ships to establish a colony at the mouth of the Mississippi. This unfortunate expedition culminated in the murder of La Salle by his own men. =Index=: =F= Sent to invite Indians to conference, 79; first commandant of Fort Frontenac (Cataraqui), 86; reports Perrot's defiant proceedings to Frontenac, 92; his views on sale of liquor to Indians, 123; obtains grant of Fort Frontenac from the king, 156; obtains exclusive right of trading in Mississippi region, 158; difficulties encountered by, 159, 161; relations with Frontenac, 162; discoveries disparaged by La Barre and also by the king, 176; financial affairs, 178; his forts and other property seized by La Barre, restored to him, 179; king takes him under his special protection, 180. =L= Sells liquor to Indians, 116; obtains letters of n.o.bility, and concession at Fort Frontenac (Cataraqui), 145; birth and character, 147; explorations, 148-153; goes to France, 151; misfortunes and death of, 152; reports sermon of Abbe Fenelon, 160. =WM= Discovers mouth of Mississippi, 19.

=Bib.=: _Memoir_, in French, _Hist. Coll._ of _Louisiana_, 2d Ser., vol.

2; letters and other doc.u.ments, in Margry, _Decouvertes_; Shea, _Voyages up and down Mississippi_; Parkman, _La Salle_; Winsor, _Nar. and Crit.

Hist._; Falconer, _Discovery of Mississippi_; Griffin, _Discovery of Mississippi_; Sparks, _La Salle_ in _Lib. of Am. Biog._; Gravier, _Decouvertes_; Harrisse, _Notes pour Servir_; Joutel, _Journal Historique_; Chesnel, _Histoire de Cavelier de la Salle_; Guenin, _Cavelier de la Salle_; Sulte, _La Morte de la Salle_; Girouard, _Lake St. Louis and Cavelier de la Salle_.

=La Sarre Regiment.= =WM= One battalion of, sent to Canada, 12, 29; in battle of the Plains, 192; in battle of Ste. Foy, 259, 261.

=Lascelles' Regiment.= =WM= In centre under Murray, 189; in battle of Ste. Foy, 259.

=La Taille.= =Ch= Accompanies Champlain to Quebec, 41.

=La Terriere, Pierre de Sales.= Came to Canada from France, 1766; appointed agent at Quebec for the St. Maurice forges, 1771; his place of business in front of the lower town market, facing the church of Notre Dame; in 1775 appointed inspector of works, and removed to the forges, on the banks of the St. Maurice, a few miles above Three Rivers. Left an interesting account of the works, in his _Memoires de Laterriere_.

Implicated in the American invasion of 1776, and arrested. =Index=: =Hd= Inspector of St. Maurice forges, 48; arrest of, 277; dislike of Haldimand, 277; suspected of supplying Americans with petards and cannon-b.a.l.l.s from St. Maurice forges, 277-278; his defence of Du Calvet, 284-287; his description of Haldimand, 293. =Bib.=: Christie, _History of Lower Canada_.

=La Terriere de Sales.= Represented Saguenay in a.s.sembly, 1844-1854; appointed to Legislative Council, 1856. =Index=: =E= Votes against secularization of Clergy Reserves, 164.

=La Tesserie, De.= =L= Member of the Sovereign Council, 158.

=Latour, Abbe Bertrand de.= =L= On the humility of Laval, 33; on the evils flowing from the sale of liquor to the Indians, 36; on mental characteristics of Canadian children, 100; on the virtues of Laval, 187.

=Bib.=: _Memoire sur la Vie de Laval_.

=La Tour, Charles Amador de.= Son of Claude de la Tour. Came to Acadia in 1610 with his father. Driven out of Port Royal by the English; built a post near Cape Sable, on what is now known as Port Latour. In 1632, when Acadia was restored to France, Razilly came out with Charnisay to strengthen the colony. Razilly died in 1636, and a bitter conflict followed between Charnisay and La Tour, both of whom claimed to represent the king in Acadia. Charnisay had rebuilt Port Royal, and La Tour occupied a fort at the mouth of the St. John. The outcome of the quarrel was an order for the arrest of La Tour. Charnisay attacked La Tour's fort, but was driven off. When he blockaded the harbour, La Tour escaped to Boston, returned with English ships, and drove Charnisay to the shelter of Port Royal. The latter's opportunity came, however, later. He attacked the fort during La Tour's absence. La Tour's wife made a gallant defence, and Charnisay succeeded in the end only by resorting to treachery. He carried Madame La Tour to Port Royal, where she died in 1645. Some years later, after the death of Charnisay, La Tour brought this curious drama to a conclusion by marrying the widow of his rival. He had already obtained rest.i.tution from the king, who made him governor of Acadia; and some years later showed his powers of persuasion by obtaining a generous grant of land from Cromwell, who had, in 1654, taken possession of the colony. Died about 1666. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Old Regime_; Hannay, _History of Acadia_; Kirke, _The First English Conquest of Canada_.

=La Tour, Claude de.= A Huguenot gentleman; came to Port Royal in 1610 with Poutrincourt; in 1614 had a trading-post on the Pen.o.bscot. Sailed for France in 1627, and on his return the following year, with supplies for the defence of Acadia, captured by Kirke and carried to England.

There married one of the queen's French maids of honour, and was persuaded to throw in his lot with the English. Promised to win over his son Charles (_q.v._), but the latter scornfully refused to change his allegiance. Afterwards built a fort at the mouth of the St. John, for the French, to whom he had once more transferred his services. =Index=: =Ch= Captured by Kirke, 177. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Old Regime_; Hannay, _History of Acadia_; Kirke, _The First English Conquest of Canada_.

=Lattaignant, Gabriel de.= =Ch= a.s.sists in forming Company of New France, 168; made a director, 170.

=L'Auberiviere, Francois Louis de Pourroy de.= Roman Catholic bishop of Quebec, 1739-1740, succeeding Dosquet. Died at Quebec, 1740. =Index=: =L= bishop of Quebec, 12.

=Laurier, Sir Wilfrid= (1841- ). Born at St. Lin, Quebec. Studied law at McGill University, and called to the bar, 1864. Entered public life in 1871 as member for Drummond and Arthabaska in the Quebec a.s.sembly; three years later returned to the House of Commons for the same const.i.tuency.

Entered the Mackenzie Cabinet, 1877, as minister of inland revenue. In 1887 leader of the opposition; and in 1896, upon the defeat of the Tupper government, called upon to form an administration, himself taking the office of president of the Council. Received the honour of G. C. M.

G. in 1897, and the same year called to the Imperial Privy Council.

=Index=: =Mc= Justifies Upper Canada Rebellion, 30, 31. =Md= His administration repeals Franchise Act of 1885, 260; succeeds Blake as leader of Liberal party, 1887, 261, 263; lukewarm towards policy of commercial union, 296; his reply to Macdonald's appeal to the electorate, 1891, 311; finally disposes of unrestricted reciprocity, 317; his speech in Parliament on death of Macdonald, 326-329. =C= On the Quebec radicals, 27-28; one of the founders of _Le Parti National_ and its organ _Le National_, 30; on Cartier, 116-117. =Bib.=: _Discours sur le liberalisme politique_; Barthe, _Discours de Laurier, depuis 1871 a 1890_. For biog., _see_ Willison, _Sir Wilfrid Laurier and the Liberal Party_; Frechette, _Wilfrid Laurier_; Moreau, _Sir Wilfrid Laurier_; David, _Laurier et son Temps_; Morgan, _Can. Men_; Dent, _Can. Por._

[Ill.u.s.tration: Sir Wilfrid Laurier]

=Lausaunne.= =Hd= The resort of savants, 3.

=Lauzon, Jean de.= Born, 1582. Governor of New France, 1651-1656; had already been a.s.sociated with the interests of the colony by reason of his position as president of the Company of New France, and had used his office to acquire the island of Montreal and Point Levis opposite Quebec. His administration as governor made odious not only by a long series of public mistakes, but by his too obvious intention of using the office to enrich himself and his sons. Returned to France in 1656; and mentioned in contemporary narratives as late as 1660. =Index=: =Ch= Intendant of Company of New France, 170; objects to return of Recollets, 225. =F= Governor, 38; returns to France, 42. =Bib.=: Douglas, _Old France in the New World_; Parkman, _Old Regime_.

=Lauzon-Charny, Charles de.= Son of Jean de Lauzon, and administrator of New France after the departure of his father in 1656. During his father's governorship, had been invested with the high-sounding but empty t.i.tle of _Grand Maitre des Eaux et Forets de la Nouvelle France_.

Returned to France in 1656; entered the church; and returned in 1659 with Laval, who made him a member of the Ecclesiastical Council.

=Index=: =L= Director of Seminary, 55; grand vicar, accompanies Laval to France, 134. =Bib.=: Douglas, _Old France in the New World_.

=Laval, Anne Charlotte.= =L= Only sister of Bishop Laval, 19.

=Laval, Charles Francois Guy= (=Fanchon=). =L= Nephew of Laval, educated by him at Quebec, 140.

=Laval-Montmorency, Francois de= (1623-1708). =L= Appointed apostolic vicar with t.i.tle of bishop of Petraea _in partibus_, 7; opposes liquor traffic, 10; founds Seminary at Quebec, 10; created bishop of Quebec, 12; not fully appreciated in his lifetime, 15; his n.o.ble birth, 17; his devotion to St. Francois Xavier and St. Francois d'a.s.sisi, 18; a scholar at College of La Fleche, 19; inherits patrimony of Montigny, and called for a time Abbe de Montigny, 19; yields patrimony to his younger brother, Jean-Louis, 19, 21; admitted to congregation of the Holy Virgin, 20; receives tonsure at nine years of age and made canon of Evreux at fifteen, 20; leaves La Fleche at nineteen and goes to the College of Clermont at Paris, 21; death of his two elder brothers, 21; his mother desires him to marry, 21; appointed archdeacon of cathedral of Evreux, 22; his zealous performance of his duties, 23; goes to Rome in expectation of an appointment as one of three bishops for Asia, 23; resigns his archdeaconry, 23; becomes inmate of Hermitage of de Bernieres at Caen, 24, 25; recommended by Jesuits as vicar apostolic for Canada, 26; consecrated as such by papal nuncio, 26; arrives at Quebec, June 16, 1659, 26; his authority questioned, 27; demands written recognition of his authority, 28; suspends the Abbe de Queylus, 28; manner and personal appearance, 28, 29; attention to the sick, 33; his different places of residence in Quebec, 33; friction with Governor D'Argenson, 34; his efforts to prevent sale of brandy to the Indians, 36-39; sails for France, obtains recall of D'Avaugour, and military reinforcements for colony, 39; his influence in the creation of the Sovereign Council, 40; returns to Canada, 41; founds Seminary, 47, 48; his regulations therefor approved by the king, 50; obtains authority to collect t.i.thes, 50; receives flattering letters from the king and Colbert, with gift of money, 52; resides at Seminary, 55; opposed to permanent livings for clergy, 55; his personal income transferred to the Seminary, 56; imposes on himself many privations, 56; affiliates Seminary with Foreign Missions of Paris, 57; acquires seigniory of Beaupre and exchanges it for ile Jesus, 58; baptizes Iroquois chief, 65; visits various settlements of Christian Indians, 74; bears testimony to the high character of De Tracy, 81; describes church at Quebec in letter to Pope, 84; approves of works of piety inst.i.tuted by Jesuits, 86; encourages devotion to the Holy Family, 86; his visits to Montreal, 87; his wise views, 98; watches over instruction of youth, 99; establishes boarding school at St. Joachim, 100; encourages Brotherhood of Ste.

Anne, 101; builds first sanctuary of Ste. Anne at Beaupre, 101; makes pilgrimage to Beaupre, 101; his instructions to missionaries, 105-107; receives Recollets with benevolence, 111; his zeal for primary education, 124; appointed bishop, 129, 136; his letter to the Propaganda, 131; has manager appointed for his abbey of Lestrees, 138; rents it to Berthelot, 138; exchanges Island of Orleans for ile Jesus, 138; visits his family in France, 139; family troubles, 139; renews connection of Seminary with Foreign Missions of Paris, 140; returns to Canada, 141, 169; sails for France in connection with liquor traffic question, 173; erects parish of Notre Dame de Montreal, 175; joins it to Seminary of St. Sulpice, 175; his interest in chapel of Bonsecours, 178; bows to king's decision on t.i.thes question, 181; returns to Canada, 184; resists attempt to connect his diocese with archbishopric of Paris, 184; bestows all his property on the Seminary of Quebec, 185; letter to the king, 187; visits parishes and missions, 189, 190; illness, 190; letter to king as to need for reinforcements, 192; establishes chapter of diocese, 197; sails for France, 198; resigns as bishop in favour of Saint-Vallier, 200; returns to Canada, 202, 220; physical suffering, 205; letter to Saint-Vallier, 206; disagreement with Saint-Vallier on the subject of the Seminary, 208; his return to Canada delayed, 211; returns, 219, 220; receives his successor, 221; his conduct during siege of Quebec, 231; his grief over the policy adopted in regard to the Seminary, 235; his escape from burning building, 240; his labours in extreme age, 244; his admiration of the Charron brothers, 247; his habits and practices described by Brother Houssart, 251-256; by De la Colombiere, 256, 257; his death, 263; miraculous cures attributed to, 264; burial in cathedral and subsequent transfer of remains to Seminary, 265, 266. =F= Arrival of, as vicar apostolic and bishop of Petraea _in partibus_, 43; sends De Queylus back to France, 43; disagrees with Governor D'Argenson, 45; also with D'Avaugour, 46; sails for France, 1662, 46; procures recall of D'Avaugour and appointment of Mezy, 48; returns to Quebec, September, 1663, 48; establishes Quebec Seminary, 48; and Lesser Seminary, 49; quarrels with Mezy, 50; sails for France to settle question of bishopric, May, 1672, 70; made bishop of Quebec, and returns to Canada, 1675, 71; establishes Ecclesiastical Court, 111; curtails honours paid to governor in church, 112; king's instructions on the subject, 113; Frontenac's estimate of bishop's revenue, 114; objects to trading permits issued by governor, as involving selling of liquor to Indians, 116; gains the king over to his views, 116; sends grand-vicar to France to uphold his policy, 118; goes to France to press his views, 1678, 125; effect of his elevation to rank of bishop, 164; not favourable to permanent curacies, 165, 190; rejects offer of Recollets to serve the parishes without any fixed provision for their support, 165; determines to resign, 190; goes to France, 1684, 191; chooses Saint-Vallier as his successor, 191; describes Canada as "the country of miracles," 301. =Bib.=: Tetu, _Esquisse Biographique de Laval_; _Esquisse de la Vie, etc., de Laval_; Parkman, _Old Regime_; Gosselin, _Francois de Montmorency-Laval_; Colby, _Canadian Types of the Old Regime_; _Le Venerable Francois de Montmorency-Laval_; Douglas, _Old France in the New World_; Dent, _Can. Por._

=Laval, Guy de.= =L= Ancestor of Bishop Laval, 17.

=Laval, Henri de.= =L= His letter to his brother the bishop, 139; second letter, 141.

=Laval, Hugues de.= =L= Father of Bishop Laval, 17.

=Laval, Jean-Louis.= =L= Brother of Bishop Laval, 19; bad conduct of, 139.

=Laval University.= Founded, 1668, as the Quebec Seminary, and granted a royal charter in 1852, at the instance of Lord Elgin, then governor-general. =Index=: =L= Its origin traced to Quebec Seminary, 99.

_See also_ Quebec Seminary. =Bib.=: Hamel, _Sketch of Laval University_ in _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 4; Roy, _L'Universite Laval et les Fetes du Cinquantenaire_.

=Lavalette.= =Ch= A Basque, fishes on Acadian coast as early as 1565, 59.

=La Vallee, de.= =Ch= G.o.dfather of young Hurons, 233.

=La Valtrie, Seraphin Marganne, Sieur de= (1643-1693). A native of St.

Benoit de Paris. Obtained a lieutenancy in the Lignieres Regiment; took service under De Tracy, 1664, and came to Canada the following year.

Granted the seigniory of Lavaltrie in 1672; sent to the western posts as commandant, and replaced by La Durantaye, 1683; accompanied Denonville on his expedition against the Iroquois, 1687. Killed, 1693. =Index=: =F= Seignior, commands militia; in 1687 in attack on Iroquois, 209; killed by Iroquois in 1693, 323. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_.

=Laverdiere, Charles Honore= (1826-1873). Educated at Laval University.

Studied for the church and ordained priest. Joined the faculty of Laval, and became university librarian. =Ch= On question of Champlain's tomb, 261-262. =Bib.=: Edited the _Works_ and _Voyages_ of Champlain; and completed Ferland's _Cours d'Histoire du Canada_; author of _Histoire du Canada_; _Samuel de Champlain_; edited, with Abbe Casgrain, the _Journal des Jesuites_, 1645-1668.