=Etoline, Adolphus Karlovich.= Director of the Russian-American colonies, 1841-1845. =Index=: =D= Succeeds Kuprianoff as governor of Russian America, 1840, 45; splendour of his establishment, 45; visited by James Douglas, 45.

=European and North American Railway.= =W= Wilmot's att.i.tude towards, 127. =T= Peto, Bra.s.sy, and Betts propose to construct, 26; subsidies offered by province, 26; progress of, 44.

=Eustache, Sir J. R.= Born 1795. Educated at St. Peter's College, Cambridge. Entered the army; served in Upper Canada in command of the 19th Light Dragoons; present at the battle of Lundy's Lane and at the storming of Fort Erie; knighted for distinguished services. Took part in the suppression of the Rebellion of 1837-1838 in Lower Canada; high-sheriff of Kildare, 1848; lieutenant-general, 1859. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._

=Eustis, William= (1753-1825). =Bk= United States secretary of war, his confident prediction of conquest of Canada, 215. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am.

Biog._

=Evans, Lieutenant.= =Dr= Case against, in connection with Walker affair, dismissed by grand jury, 38.

=Evans, James= (1801-1846). Born in Kingston-upon-Hull, England.

Emigrated to Canada; opened a school near L'Original, and about 1828 moved to Rice Lake, where he entered the Methodist ministry, and began his life-long Work among the Indians. In 1840 given charge of missionary work in the North-West, with headquarters at Norway House. Had already devoted much time to the study of the native languages, and while at Norway House invented the Cree syllabic characters, a simple, phonetic system, by means of which the Indian was taught to read with surprising facility. At first cast his own type, built his own press, and printed on birchbark. Later obtained more effective materials, and set up catechisms, hymn-books, and portions of the Bible in syllabic. =Bib.=: Young, _The Apostle of the North_; McLean, _James Evans, Inventor of the Syllabic System_; Carroll, _James Evans_ in the _Methodist Magazine_, October, 1882; Pilling, _Bibliography of the Algonquian Languages_.

=Ewan, John Alexander= (1854-1910). Born in Aberdeen, Scotland. Educated in Scotland and in Canada. a.s.sistant editor of the Toronto _Globe_ for many years; war correspondent for that paper during Boer War, 1899-1902.

=Index=: =B= Witnesses shooting of George Brown by Bennett, 255-256; seizes Bennett, 256.

=Examiner.= Newspaper published at New York. =Index=: =Mc= Published by William Lyon Mackenzie, 470.

=Examiner.= Newspaper published at Toronto. =Index=: =Sy= Advocates responsible government, 107; supports union of provinces as leading thereto, 212; on Clergy Reserves question, 247. =E= Chief organ of the Clear Grits,--owned by James Lesslie, 110. =BL= Established by Hincks, July 3, 1838, 58; in the interests of responsible government, 58; excites interest in Oxford County, 69; Hincks explains his political position in, 104; on Hincks, 179-180; Macdougall contributes to, 341.

=Mc= Of Toronto, newspaper, published by Sir Francis Hincks, 483; on the riots, 483; its estimate of Mackenzie, 484, 485.

=Executive Council.= =Mc= In Upper Canada; created under Const.i.tutional Act, 53; irritating relations with a.s.sembly, 55, 58; Durham on, 61; real advisers of the governor, 63; responsibility of, demanded by Upper Canada Reformers, 64, 69; Durham's view of effect of irresponsibility of, 65, 66; Sir John Colborne's view of, 279; Lord Glenelg's view of, 286. =Dr= In Lower Canada, how composed, 269. =Sy= Its powers and influence, 74-76, 78; practically controlled the governor, 175; necessity for change in, 177; its defects described by Sydenham, 220, 221; changes made in, 334, 335; salaries of, 334. =W= In New Brunswick, its irresponsibility, 5, 6.

=Executive Office.= =Sy= Tenure of, in Canada, 175; Lord John Russell's despatch on, 180-182; press comments on new regulations respecting, 183, 184.

=Exhibitions.= The first industrial exhibition held in Canada, and probably the first in the world, was that of 1737, promoted by the Intendant Hocquart. It included fruits and grains, woods and furs, and the products of the mines and the fisheries. The exhibition was afterwards sent to France. A provincial exhibition was held in Toronto in 1846; Ottawa had an exhibition in 1878; Montreal in 1880; Halifax in 1881; and St. John in 1883. Since then many other cities and towns have used this means of ill.u.s.trating the industrial resources of the locality and the country. =Bib.=: Johnson, _First Things in Canada_.

=Expulsion of Acadians.= _See_ Acadians, Expulsion of the.

=Extradition with United States.= =Sy= Sydenham takes part in negotiations for, 336.

=Eyre, Eustache R.= =S= Fort major, 47.

=Faillon, Abbe Michel etienne= (1799-1870). Historian. =Index=: =F= Quoted, 4, 9; his description of conduct of Perrot, governor of Montreal, 96, 97. =Ch= Error in history of, 207. =Bib.=: Works: _Vie de Mme. d'Youville_; _Vie de Mlle. Mance_; _Vie de Mlle. Le Ber_; _Histoire de la Colonie Francaise en Canada_. For biog., _see_ Desmazures, _L'Abbe Faillon: Sa Vie et ses [OE]uvres_.

=Fairchild, Mrs.= =Hd= Haldimand's housekeeper, 314, 328, 329.

=Fairfield, John= (1797-1847). Sat in Congress, 1835-1839; governor of Maine, 1839-1840, and 1842. Member of the United States Senate, 1843-1847. =Index=: =W= His connection with the Aroostook War, 135.

=Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Falconbridge, Sir Glenholme= (1846- ). Born at Drummondville, Ontario.

Educated at the University of Toronto, graduating 1866. Called to the bar, 1871. Appointed judge of the Queen's Bench, Ontario, 1887; chief-justice, 1900. Knighted, 1909. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Falkland, Lucius Bentinck, Viscount.= Governor of Nova Scotia, 1840-1846. =Index=: =H= Lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia, 69; his character and policy, 69; invites Howe to join the Council, 69; his administration, 71; calls upon Howe, Uniacke and MacNab to give reasons for their resignation from Executive Council, 87; Howe upsets his theories of government, 89-92; lampooned by Howe, 92-93; conflict for supremacy, 94, 97; Howe makes insulting reference to, in Legislature, 100-101; returns to England, 1846, 102. =Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_; Saunders, _Three Premiers of Nova Scotia_.

=Family Compact.= A group of Tory leaders in Upper Canada, so nicknamed by their political opponents because they held power as a distinct group, allied by bonds of political, social, and religious sympathy.

Term also used in other provinces, in connection with somewhat similar conditions. =Index=: =Mc= Their loyalty tested, 10; Durham's view of, 62, 65, 66; great influence of, 66; lasting and extensive monopoly of power, 66; decides on Gourlay's destruction, 89; destroys _Colonial Advocate_, 115; incensed at Lord G.o.derich's concessions, 230; secures Head's sympathy, 302. =Md= Its character and aims fiercely debated, 13; opposition to, of Macdonald, Draper, and Morris, 27. =Sy= Its beginning, 77; its foundations laid by Governor Simcoe, 78; attempt to identify Reform party with Mackenzie's rebellious proceedings, 85; condemned by Durham in his Report, 96; criticisms of Report, 97-104; Sir George Arthur allies himself with, 110; opposed to union of provinces, 130; Sydenham's opinion of, as given by _Colonial Gazette_, 138; its controlling influence, 177; not a political party, 179; not specially connected by family relationship, 180. =B= Rebellion in Upper Canada attributed by Durham to ascendancy of, 11. =E= Fight against, 21; attacked by Hume Blake, 69; Mackenzie ill-used by, 91; selfishness of its members, 92; Bishop Strachan and, 150. =BL= Its character, 11-12; denounced by W. L. Mackenzie, 13; opposed to union of the Canadas, 61; its restoration hoped for, 113. =MS= Responsible for Rebellion of 1837, 242. _See also_ Strachan, John; Mackenzie, W. L.; MacNab, Sir Allan Napier; Robinson, Sir John Beverley. =Bib.=: Kingsford, _History of Canada_; Durham, _Report_; Mackenzie, _Sketches of Canada_; Bradshaw, _Self-Government in Canada_; Dent, _Upper Canadian Rebellion_; Robinson, _Life of Sir John Beverley Robinson_.

=Famine Creek.= =L= La Barre's expedition halts at, 193.

=Fancamp, Baron de.= =L= Presents shrine to Bonsecours chapel, 177.

=Fanning, Edmund= (1737-1818). Held various offices in the American colonies before the Revolution. Removed to Nova Scotia, and in 1786 governor of Prince Edward Island. Rose to the rank of general in the army, 1808. =Index=: =Dr= Commands King's American Regiment, 202; succeeds Patterson as governor of Prince Edward Island, 235. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Farnborough, Sir Thomas Erskine May, first Baron= (1815-1886). Born in London. a.s.sistant librarian of the House of Commons, 1831; examiner of pet.i.tions for Parliament, 1847-1856; clerk of the House of Commons, 1871-1886; and president of the Statute Law Revision Committee, 1866-1884. Appointed privy councillor, 1885, and created Baron Farnborough, 1886. =Index=: =Mc= On difficulties of granting responsible government, 21; responsible government granted in Upper Canada in 1847, 25; principle of, adopted in other colonies about the same time, 25; on effect of responsible government, 490. =Bib.=: _Const.i.tutional History of England since the Accession of George III._

=Farrer, Edward= (1850- ). Canadian journalist. =Index=: =Md= Chief editorial writer of the _Globe_, 312; his pamphlet on annexation--its terms, 312-313; a.s.sumes sole responsibility for, 314. =Bib.=: _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Fay, Jonas= (1737-1818). =Hd= Vermont emissary, 209. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am.

Biog._

=Fenelon, Francois de Salignac.= =L= Sulpician, sent on mission to Lake Ontario, 105; his reserve as to his own labours and sacrifices, 109; school for young Indians established by, 125; attacks Frontenac from the pulpit, 160; refuses to furnish copy of his sermon and is cited before the Council, 162; his conduct not approved by his ecclesiastical superiors, 162; nor by the king, 164. =F= Intermediary between Frontenac and Perrot, 92; indignant at Perrot's arrest, 93; preaches sermon against Frontenac, 93; circulates memorial in Perrot's favour, 96; summoned to Quebec, 98; his conduct before the Council, 101; sent to France, censured, and not allowed to return to Canada, 102, 103. _See also_ Frontenac; Perrot. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_; Garneau, _History of Canada_.

=Fenety, George E.= =W= On Wilmot, 131.

=Fenian Raids.= The Fenian Brotherhood is said to have been formed about 1858 in Ireland and the United States, the object being to liberate Ireland from its connection with England, and establish a republic. A history of the movement in Ireland will be found in McCarthy's _History of our Own Times_, and in O'Leary's _Recollections of Fenianism_. Early in 1866 the American branch of the Brotherhood planned an invasion of Canada. The Canadian militia was called out, but the invasion was postponed. In April, the New Brunswick border was threatened, and troops marched to the defence of St. Andrews and St. Stephen. The Fenians thought better of it. Late in May another party, under one O'Neil, crossed from Buffalo to Fort Erie and advanced to Ridgeway, where they were driven back. In 1870 the same O'Neil led his followers into Quebec, but was again repulsed. In 1871 he made a similar attempt in the West, but a detachment of United States troops from Fort Pembina followed, arrested him, and dispersed his followers. An aftermath of the earlier Fenian Raids was the murder of Thomas D'Arcy McGee (_q.v._) in Ottawa, 1868. =Index=: =Md= Claims for damages, 166-167; claims withdrawn, 175-177; irritation in Canada, 176; Imperial government a.s.sumes responsibility for their settlement, 177; gives Imperial guarantee of loan for public works and defence in Canada, 178, 196. =T= Influence on Confederation, 98; history of, 99, 105-107; referred to in address in a.s.sembly, 102. =BL= Feared by Metcalfe in 1843, 186. =B= Threatened in 1866--influences New Brunswick electorate towards Confederation, 188.

=C= As an argument for retaining British troops in Canada, 92; Cartier's speech on, in House, 1872, 110. =Bib.=: Somerville, _Narrative of the Fenian Invasion of Canada_; Campbell, _The Fenian Invasions of Canada of 1866 and 1870_; Dent, _Last Forty Years_; _Correspondence relating to the Fenian Invasion_, Ottawa, 1869; _Trials of the Fenian Prisoners at Toronto Who Were Captured at Fort Erie, C. W., in June, 1866_, ed. by George R. Gregg, and E. P. Roden; McMicken, _Fenian Raid on Manitoba_ (Manitoba Hist. and Sc. Society, 1888); Hannay, _History of New Brunswick_; Macdonald, _Troublous Times in Canada_; Denison, _Soldiering in Canada_ and _The Fenian Raid on Fort Erie_.

=Fer, Jules de.= =Dr= His report on loyalty of French-Canadians, 301.

=Feret.= =Ch= Of Dieppe, discovers ma.n.u.script of Champlain's _Brief Discours_, 7.

=Ferguson, Adam.= =R= Opposes Sir Charles Metcalfe, 126.

=Ferland, John Antony Baptist= (1805-1865). Member of faculty of Laval University, 1855-1865. =Index=: =L= Quoted as to difficulty of educating young Indians, 63; pa.s.sage quoted from on Mere de l'Incarnation, 93-95; on enterprise of Talon, 114; on creation of bishopric of Quebec, 133; on advantage of connection of seminary with Foreign Missions, 140; on La Salle, 149; on educational labours of the nuns, 155; praises stand taken by Laval in regard to liquor traffic, 173; on return of Laval in 1688, 220. =Bib.=: Works: _Cours d' Histoire du Canada_; _Opuscules_; _La Gaspesie_; _Joseph-Octave Plessis_; _Voyage au Labrador_. For biog., _see_ _Cyc. Am. Biog._; Bibaud, _Pan. Can._; Morgan, _Cel. Can._

=Ferrier, James.= =B= His account of the negotiations between Brown and the government prior to Confederation, 152.

=Fidalgo, Salvador.= Accompanied Elisa to North-West Coast, 1790; founded a Spanish settlement in Fuca Strait, 1792, and removed the post the same year to Nootka. Still there in 1793 when Vancouver visited the place. =Index=: =D= Sent by Elisa to examine northern coast, 1790, 26.

=Bib.=: Bancroft, _History of the North-West Coast_.

=Fidler, Peter= (1769-1822). Entered service of Hudson's Bay Company, about 1791. Carried on extensive explorations and surveys in the North-West. Left a series of ma.n.u.script journals, covering the records of his explorations for over a quarter of a century. These are said to be in the archives of the Hudson's Bay Company in London. Also left an eccentric will, of which Bryce gives a synopsis. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_.

=Fiedmont, Jacquot de.= =WM= Engineer, fortifies bridges over River St.

Charles, 85-86; opposes capitulation, 225; directs artillery fire against British camp, 230.

=Finances of Canada.= =Sy= Sydenham's efforts to rehabilitate, 315-320.

=Finlay, Hugh.= =Dr= Deputy postmaster-general, 243; expresses views of the English-speaking people of Quebec in letter to home government, 248.

=Hd= On political situation, 174.

=Finlay, James.= =MS= Leaves Montreal for western fur country, 3.

=Bib.=: Mackenzie, _History of the Fur-Trade_ in his _Voyages_; _Hendry's Journal_ (R. S. C., 1907); _c.o.c.king's Journal_ (R. S. C., 1908).

=Finlay, James, Jr.= =MS= Joins XY Company, 14; on Peace River, 1792, 62.

=Finlayson, Duncan.= =MS= Chief factor Hudson's Bay Company, 1832, and governor of a.s.siniboia, 225; Alexander Ross on, 225.