=Finlayson, Roderick= (1818-1892). =D= Second in command at Victoria, 1843, 180; chief officer on death of Charles Ross, 1844, 181; his birth, 181; joins Hudson's Bay Company, 1837, 181; his service and character, 181; his narrative, 181; responsible for story of Captain Gordon and the salmon that would not rise to a fly, 183-184; becomes chief accountant of Western department, 188; holds position up to 1862, 188. =Bib.=: Bancroft, _History of British Columbia_; Walbran, _British Columbia Coast Names_.

=Fire Rafts.= =WM= Unsuccessful employment of by French at Quebec, 131.

=Fireships.= =WM= Ineffectual employment of by French, 98; described by Captain Knox, 99; Montcalm on the cause of their failure, 99.

=Fisher, Charles= (1808-1880). Born in Fredericton. Educated at King's College and called to the bar, 1833. Contested York for the New Brunswick a.s.sembly, 1834, but defeated. Elected for York, 1837, and continued to hold the seat with slight intervals until after Confederation. Entered the New Brunswick government, 1848, but resigned, 1850, owing to a difference with the lieutenant-governor. Appointed a delegate to the Portland Railway Convention, 1850. Became premier and attorney-general in the first purely Liberal government formed in New Brunswick, 1851. Resigned, 1856; in the following year resumed office and remained at the head of affairs until 1861. Appointed a delegate to the Trade Convention at Detroit, 1865. Again entered the government as attorney-general, 1866. Represented New Brunswick as one of the delegates to the Quebec and Westminster Conferences. Represented York in the first Dominion House of Commons. Appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of his native province, 1868. Died in Fredericton. =Index=: =W= Elected for York, 47; defeated in York, 66; opposes address to Metcalfe, 74; his efforts on behalf of responsible government, 91; elected for York, in 1846, 102; moves want of confidence resolution, 103, 105; defeated, 111; supports responsible government, 116; his influence, 117; defeated in 1850, 128; opposes reduction of number of judges, 130. =T= His character, 12; resigns, 18-19; attacks the government, 30-31; attorney-general in Fisher government, 43; retires from government, 51; re-elected for York, 52; delegate to Quebec Conference, 77; elected as Confederation candidate in York, 95-96; moves amendment to address, 102; attorney-general, 105; defeats Pickard, 108; moves Confederation resolution, 115-116; sent as delegate to England, 120; elected for York to first Dominion Parliament, and moves the address, 131. =Bib.=: Hannay, _History of New Brunswick_.

=Fisheries Question.= =Md= Rights of American fishermen expire with denunciation of Reciprocity Treaty, 166; the fishermen reluctant to abandon former rights, 167; Canada's exclusive right to the insh.o.r.e fisheries recognized by Britain, 173; reciprocal trade proposed by Canada as equivalent for the fishing rights, but rejected by Americans, 174; latter propose $1,000,000 for rights in perpetuity, 174; Macdonald objects to any such arrangements, 174-175; Americans offer limited reciprocity, 181; acceptable to British commissioners except Macdonald, 181-182; arbitration proposed by United States commissioners, 182; Macdonald's dilemma, 183-185; opposition to treaty in Canada, 185; Halifax Award, 190. =E= Under the Treaty of 1854, 198-200. =Bib.=: Isham, _Fishery Question, its Origin, History and Present Situation_; Bourinot, _Fishery Question, its Imperial Importance_; Elliott, _United States and the North-Eastern Fisheries_; Ricci, _Fisheries Dispute and Annexation to Canada_.

=Fitzgerald, Edward.= =B= On agricultural possibilities of North-West Territories. 214.

=FitzGibbon, James= (1780-1863). Born in Ireland. Joined the Tarbert Fencibles, 1798; served in Holland the following year, and in 1801 present at the battle of Copenhagen. The same year came to Canada with the 49th Regiment, and served under Brock with distinction in the War of 1812. In command of the British at Beaver Dam. In 1822 appointed a.s.sistant adjutant-general; and in 1827 clerk of the House of a.s.sembly.

Commissioned as colonel of the second West York Regiment 1831, and took an active part in the suppression of the Rebellion of 1837. Returned to England, where in 1850 made a military knight of Windsor. =Index=: =Bk= Describes gallant conduct of Savery Brock at Egmont-op-Zee, 18-20; his reminiscences of Brock, 66-67. =Sy= Made clerk of Legislative Council, 334. =Mc= Defeats rebels at Montgomery's farm, 379. =Bib.=: FitzGibbon, _A Veteran of 1812_; Lucas, _Canadian War of 1812_; Dent, _Upper Canadian Rebellion_; Read, _Rebellion of 1837_; Lizars, _Humours of '37_; Morgan, _Cel. Can._

=Fitzherbert, Mrs.= =Hd= Haldimand's opinion of, 335.

=Fitzmaurice, Lord Edward.= =Dr= On Germain, 170.

=Fitzpatrick, Sir Charles= (1853- ). Born in Quebec. Educated at Laval University; studied law, and called to bar, 1876; chief counsel for Louis Riel, 1885, and took part in several other famous trials; represented Quebec County in provincial a.s.sembly, 1890-1896; and in House of Commons, 1896-1906; solicitor-general, 1901; minister of justice, 1901-1906; chief justice of the Supreme Court of Canada, 1906.

=Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Five Nations.= =Hd= Post at Oswego to be established for, 142; allies of the British, 148; their rights respected, 166. _See_ Iroquois.

=Flag Incident.= =L= In siege of Quebec, 230. =F= In siege of Quebec, 295-298.

=Fleet, British, before Quebec.= =WM= Placed under general command of Admiral Charles Saunders, 75; ascends the river, 78; anchors at ile-aux-Coudres, 83; anchors in Baie St. Paul, 90; at the entrance to the harbour, 111; a few of its vessels pa.s.s the town, 123; several vessels attempt the pa.s.sage by Quebec, 152; sails for England, 238; reappears in the harbour, 267. =Bib.=: Wood, _Logs of Naval Conquest of Canada_ and _The Fight for Canada_; Doughty, _Siege of Quebec_; Bradley, _The Fight with France_.

=Fleet, French, at Quebec.= =WM= Protection afforded by to Bourlamaque's army, 167.

=Fleming, Sir Sandford= (1827- ). Born at Kirkaldy, Scotland. Came to Canada, 1845. Chief engineer of the Intercolonial Railway; and of the Canadian Pacific Railway; chancellor of Queen's University since 1880; president of the Royal Society of Canada, 1888-1889. To his initiation and persistent enthusiasm are due the establishment of a system of universal or cosmic time; the laying of the Pacific cable, as part of an inter-imperial telegraph service; and the building of the memorial tower at Halifax to commemorate the opening of the first colonial Legislature.

=Bib.=: Works: _The Intercolonial; England and Canada_; and numerous historical and scientific papers. _See_ Bibliog. of Royal Society (R. S.

C., 1894). For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_; Dent, _Can. Por._; _Who's Who_; Grant, _Ocean to Ocean_.

=Flibot.= =Ch= Kirke's vessel before Quebec, 188, 196.

=Florida.= =Hd= Under British rule, 64-81; Haldimand comes north from, 83, 87; Haldimand's interest in, 90; suggests closing of ports of, 104; his career there, 121; proposed disposition of, 124; Haldimand's property in, 316.

=Florida, West.= =Bk= Occupation of, by United States, 139.

=Flour-milling.= =B= Stimulated by British preference of, 1843, 32; advantage swept away by free trade measure of 1846, 32; in 1834, 54.

=Foley, M. H.= =B= In Tache ministry, 1864, 149; retires with Buchanan and Simpson to make room for Brown, Mowat, and Macdougall, in Coalition ministry, 159. =Bib.=: Pope, _Memoirs of Sir John A. Macdonald_; Dent, _Last Forty Years_.

=Foligne, Captain de.= =WM= On rapid construction of Beauport defences, 86; his report of fighting at Levis, 103; on pitiable condition of Quebec, 160; quoted as to rout of French army, 206; on distress following capture of Quebec, 236.

=Fontbonne, Colonel.= =WM= His disposition of the Guienne Regiment, 192; mortally wounded, 199.

=Fonte, Bartholomew de.= His fict.i.tious voyage of 1640 to the North-West Coast was described in a letter published in the _Monthly Miscellany_, London, 1708. =Index=: =D= His reputed strait, 19; his voyage again credited, 23. =Bib.=: Bancroft, _History of the North-West Coast_.

=Fontenay, Mareuil.= =Ch= French amba.s.sador in London, instructions to, 214.

=Forget, Amedee Emmanuel= (1847- ). Born in Ste. Marie de Monnoir, Quebec. Studied law and called to the bar of Quebec, 1871. Secretary to the Manitoba Half-Breed Commission, 1875; clerk of the North-West Council, 1876-1888; Indian commissioner, 1895-1898; lieutenant-governor of the North-West Territories, 1898-1905; first lieutenant-governor of Saskatchewan, 1905. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Fornel, Abbe.= =L= His funeral sermon on Bishop Saint-Vallier quoted, 238.

=Forsythe, J.= =Sy= Member of Const.i.tutional a.s.sociation, 112.

=Forsyth, Richardson and Co.= Fur trading firm, of Montreal. =Index=: =Bk= Send Prevost news of declaration of war, 203.

=Fort Albany.= Hudson's Bay Company post at mouth of Albany River, west coast of James Bay. Established about 1683; captured by Iberville, 1686, and held by the French for seven years. Finally restored to the Company.

=Index=: =F= Captured by Troyes, 206; captured alternately by French and English, 343, 345. =Bib.=: Dawson, _The Saint Lawrence Basin_; Laut, _Conquest of the Great North-West_ and _Pathfinders of the West_.

=Fort Albert.= _See_ Victoria.

=Fort Alexandria.= =D= Hudson's Bay Company post, built on Fraser River in 1821, 98.

=Fort Anne.= =Hd= Captured by Major Carleton, 149.

=Fort Babine.= In Northern British Columbia. =Index=: =D= Hudson's Bay Company post, on Babine Lake, built in 1822, 98-99.

=Fort Bourbon.= On Hudson Bay. =Index=: =L= Captured by Iberville, 233.

_See_ Fort Nelson.

=Fort Camosun.= =D= Hudson's Bay Company post, afterwards city of Victoria, 178.

=Fort Chilcotin.= =D= Built by Hudson's Bay Company, outpost of Fort Alexandria, 99.

=Fort Chipewyan.= Built by North West Company, 1788, on southern sh.o.r.e of Lake Athabaska, near mouth of Athabaska River. Removed, 1820, by Hudson's Bay Company to north sh.o.r.e, where it still stands. =Index=: =MS= Built by Roderick Mackenzie, on Lake Athabaska, 24; its situation, 25; its famous library, 26; route to, from Grand Portage, 27; life at the fort, 28; Mackenzie sets forth from, on his journey to Arctic, 32; returns to, 50; McLeod builds new house, 50; Mackenzie winters there, 53; Turner winters there, and determines astronomical position, 57; Governor Simpson at, 1828, 236; William McGillivray in charge of, 236.

=D= Mackenzie at, 53; his point of departure for Arctic journey, 53; and Pacific expedition, 53. =Bib.=: Mackenzie, _History of Fur Trade_ in his _Voyages_; Ma.s.son, _Bourgeois de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest_; Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_; Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Willson, _The Great Company_; Laut, _Conquest of the Great North-West_.

=Fort Chippawa.= =Bk= On Niagara River, a mile and a half above the falls, 58; end of carrying-place, and a transport post, 58-59; had a blockhouse enclosed with palisades, 59. =Bib.=: Lucas, _Canadian War of 1812_.

=Fort Churchill.= _See_ Prince of Wales Fort.

=Fort Colville.= =D= Distributing point for Upper Columbia and Kootenay, Hudson's Bay Company post, 77; centre of Columbia trade, 77; founded, 1825-1826, 116.

=Fort Conolly.= In northern British Columbia. =Index=: =D= Hudson's Bay Company post, built on Bear Lake, 104.

=Fort Crevecoeur.= =L= Established by La Salle in Illinois country, 148; attacked by Iroquois, 149. =F= Built by La Salle, 160. =Bib.=: Parkman, _La Salle_; Sulte, _Les Tonty_ (R. S. C., 1893).

=Fort Dearborn= (=Chicago=). =Bk= Captured by Indians, 266.

=Fort Dease.= On Dease Lake. =Index=: =D= Built by Robert Campbell in 1838, 123-124; burned by natives, 124.

=Fort de Chartres.= =WM= On the Mississippi, 22.

=Fort Douglas.= On Red River, about two miles below mouth of a.s.siniboine. =Index=: =MS= Built by John McLeod, 176, 177; seized by Cuthbert Grant, 182; retaken by the De Meurons, 191. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Five Forts of Winnipeg._

=Fort Duquesne.= =WM= At junction of Alleghany and Monongahela Rivers, 22; battle at, 22. =Hd= Name changed to Fort Pitt by Bouquet, 16; plans for recapture of, 25-26. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_.