Survey, 1885); McTavish, _The Climb of Crow's Nest Mountain_ in _Canadian Alpine Journal_, 1907.

=Cudlip, John W.= =T= Anti-Confederate candidate in St. John County, 85; defeated in St. John County, 109.

=c.u.mberland, Richard= (1732-1811). English dramatist. =Index=: =Hd= Asked to select books for the Quebec library, 191. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat.

Biog._

=c.u.mberland, William Augustus, Duke of= (1721-1765). Second son of George II. Commanded British armies in Flanders and Hanover. =Index=: =Hd= Interested in raising Swiss and German regiment in America, 9.

=c.u.mberland House.= Hudson's Bay Company post. =Index=: =MS= Built by Samuel Hearne, on Pine Island Lake, or Sturgeon Lake, in 1774, 4; rival establishment of Montreal traders, 4.

=Cunard, Sir Samuel= (1787-1865). Born in Halifax. His practical training fitted him for the important role he was to fill in the evolution of ocean shipping. Watched closely the early attempts to cross the Atlantic by steam, and when in 1838 the British government invited tenders for carrying the mails between Liverpool, Halifax, and Boston, immediately sailed for England and laid before the Admiralty his carefully-matured plans for a line of steamships. Succeeded in enlisting the support of several big shipping firms in England, and had no difficulty in securing the contract. So originated the Cunard company, which from an initial fleet of four vessels of 1200 tons each and 440 horse-power has grown to its present gigantic proportions. Was one of the owners of the _Royal William_ (_q.v._). Made a baronet, 1859.

=Index=: =H= Establishes steamship line between Halifax and Great Britain, 234; makes New York western terminal of his line, 234. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._; Johnson, _First Things in Canada_, under _Steam Communication_.

=Cuoq, Jean-Andre= (1821-1901). Entered the Sulpician order in 1843, and came to Canada two years later. Devoted his life to a minute study of the languages of the Algonquian and Iroquois tribes, and became one of the leading authorities on the subject. =Bib.=: Works; _Jugement Errone de M. Ernest Renan sur Quelques Langues Sauvages de l'Amerique_; _Livre des Sept Nations_; _Etudes Philolgiques sur Quelques Langues Sauvages de l'Amerique_; _Lexique de la Langue Iroquoise_; _Lexique de la Langue Algonquine, Anotc-Kekon._ For biog., _see Trans._ R. S. C., 1902, I, 127-128; Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Curacies, permanent= (_cures fixes_). =F= Question of, 165, 190.

=Currency.= The British authorities pa.s.sed an ordinance in 1764 by which the French Louis d'or and crown were kept in circulation. First step for a revision of the currency was taken, 1795, when an Act was pa.s.sed fixing standard of values. So-called "army bills" were issued and used between 1812 and 1820. In 1871 an Act was pa.s.sed by the Dominion Parliament establishing a uniform currency. =Index=: =E= Decimal system introduced by La Fontaine-Baldwin government, 86, =L= In New France, 123. =S= Act respecting, in Upper Canada, 94-95; insufficient supply of, a great drawback, 111. =Bib.=: Johnson, _First Things in Canada_; Weir, _Sixty Years in Canada_.

=Curry, Thomas.= One of the first fur traders from Montreal to reach the Saskatchewan, about 1771. Preceded by James Finlay (_q.v._). =Index=: =MS= Leaves Montreal for western fur country, 3. =Bib.=: Mackenzie, _General History of the Fur Trade_ in his _Voyages to the Frozen and Pacific Oceans_; Burpee, _Hendry's Journal_ (R. S. C., 1907); _c.o.c.king's Journal_ (R. S. C., 1908).

=Customs.= =S= Arrangement with Lower Canada respecting revenue of, 93.

=W= Maintained in New Brunswick by British government, 16; changes in system, 16-18.

=Cuthbert, James Ross.= =Bk= Of Berthier, forms a volunteer company, from inhabitants of his seigniory, 95; an intimate friend of Brock, 95; his zeal appreciated by Sir James Craig, 96. =Sy= Member of Special Council, opposes union of the Canadas, 193. =BL= Supports Papineau and popular party, 20. =P= Seignior of Berthier--supports Papineau in his opposition to proposed union of the Canadas in 1822, 46. =Bib.=: Christie, _History of Lower Canada_.

=Cuvillier, Augustin.= Entered public life in 1815 as member for Huntingdon, which he represented almost continuously up to 1844. Speaker of a.s.sembly, 1841-1844. Died, 1849. =Index=: =BL= Nominated by Reformers as Speaker of Legislature, 1841, 86; member for Huntingdon, 86; his political views, 86; carries pet.i.tion to Imperial government, 86; votes against "Ninety-Two Resolutions," 86; government inclined to accept his nomination, but tactics of Reformers make this impossible, 87; elected Speaker, 88. =P= Delegate to England to present grievances of French-Canadians, 63; withdraws his support of Papineau, 86; loses his seat in a.s.sembly, 102. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._

=Dablon, Claude= (1619-1697). Born at Dieppe. Educated at Paris and La Fleche; joined Canadian mission, 1655; accompanied Chaumonot to Onondaga territory, where he remained for three years; then returned to Quebec and remained till 1661, when sent on a mission to Cree tribes in district of Hudson Bay. In 1668 went with Marquette to Algonquian tribes of Lake Superior. In 1770 named superior of Canadian missions and rector of College at Quebec, but did not reach the St. Lawrence till following year; held these positions until August, 1680, and from October, 1686, to 1693. Edited the _Relations_ of 1671 and 1672 and compiled others relating to 1673-1679. Died at Quebec. =Index=: =L= One of the founders of the mission at Sault Ste. Marie, 11; dies of plague, 62; accompanies mission to Gannentaha, 65; describes Laval's visit to Prairie de la Madeleine, 74; quoted as to extent of Jesuit missions, 103; laments absence of Laval, 140. =Bib.=: _Jesuit Relations_, ed. by Thwaites; Campbell, _Pioneer Priests of North America_.

=Dablon, Simon.= =Ch= a.s.sisted in forming Company of New France, 168.

=Dacre, Lieutenant.= =Dr= Sailing-master on Carleton's ship, 154.

=Daine.= =WM= Lieutenant-general of police and mayor of Quebec. Signs pet.i.tion to De Ramezay for capitulation, 224.

=Dalhousie, George Ramsay, ninth Earl of= (1770-1838). A Scottish peer.

Entered the army at an early age and saw service in various parts of the world. From 1812 to 1814 commanded the 7th division of the British army in France and Spain. Received the thanks of Parliament for his services at Waterloo. Raised to the peerage of the United Kingdom as Baron Ramsay. Appointed lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia in 1816. In 1819 appointed governor-general and commander-in-chief of British North America. Served in this capacity for nine years. From 1829 to 1832 commander-in-chief in the East Indies. =Index=: =P= Influence did not extend beyond Quebec, 1; his arrival as governor, 1820, 33; conflict with Papineau, 34, 61; his harsh policy towards French-Canadians, 39; his character, 41; founds Literary and Historical Society of Quebec, 41; erects monument to Wolfe and Montcalm, 41; sides with Council against a.s.sembly, 42; promises remedy for abuses, 43; interview with Papineau, 58; refuses to confirm election of Papineau as Speaker and dissolves Parliament, 61; his speech to a.s.sembly, 61-62; recalled, 64, 70. =BL= Governor-general, 1820, 19; a "disciplinarian devoid of diplomacy," 19; leaves Canada, 20. =Bib.=: Kingsford, _History of Canada_; Rattray, _The Scot in British North America_; _Dict. Eng. Hist._; Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_.

=Dalhousie College.= Located at Halifax. Founded by George Ramsay, ninth Earl of Dalhousie, 1818. Original endowment derived from funds collected at the port of Castine, Maine, during its occupation, 1814, by Sir John Sherbrooke, then lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia. Act of Incorporation pa.s.sed, 1821. First president elected and cla.s.ses opened, 1838. University powers conferred, 1841. College closed for some years, owing to lack of funds for its support. Reorganized, 1863. =Index=: =H= Founded by the "Castine Fund," 81; taken possession of by Presbyterians, 81. =Bib.=: Hopkins, _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 3.

=Dallas, A. J.= Born in Scotland. Engaged for some years in the China trade. Entered service of Hudson's Bay Company; chief factor at Fort Victoria, Vancouver Island; succeeded Sir George Simpson as governor of Rupert's Land, 1862. =Index=: =D= Marries daughter of Sir James Douglas, 103; governor Hudson's Bay Company, at Winnipeg, 103; president of Victoria board of management, 265; moved to Rupert's Land, 265.

=Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_.

=Dallet.= =L= Sulpician, arrival of, 105.

=Dalling and Bulwer, William Henry Lytton Earle, Baron= (1801-1872).

British diplomatist. =Index=: =Mc= On the power of agitation, 16.

=Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Dalling's Light Infantry.= =WM= In battle of Ste. Foy, 257, 259.

=Dalquier, Colonel.= =WM= Of Bearn regiment, 209; in battle of Ste. Foy, 259, 261, 262.

=Daly, Sir Dominick= (1798-1868). Born in Ireland. Came to Canada, 1825; provincial secretary for Lower Canada, 1827-1840; provincial secretary of Canada, 1841-1848. Left Canada, and appointed by the Imperial government lieutenant-governor of Tobago, 1851-1854. Afterwards lieutenant-governor of Prince Edward Island, 1854-1859; and governor of South Australia, 1861-1868. =Index=: =Sy= Provincial secretary for Lower Canada, 283. =BL= Provincial secretary for Lower Canada, 1841, 76; his character, 78; Baldwin's confidence in, 79; retains office under La Fontaine-Baldwin government, 134; remains in office when rest of Cabinet resign, 213; defends Metcalfe, 214; sole adviser, 216; provincial secretary, 247; proposal to throw him overboard, 263. =E= Remains sole adviser of Lord Metcalfe, 35. =Md= Const.i.tutes an administration of one, 19. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Taylor, _Brit.

Am._; Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Davin, _The Irishman in Canada_.

=Daly, John Corry Wilson= (1796-1878). Born in Liverpool, England. For some time an a.s.sistant surgeon in the navy. Emigrated to the United States, and removed to Hamilton, 1826. Appointed surgeon to the Canada Company, 1827, and settled at Stratford, 1829. Succeeded John Galt as agent of the Canada Company, 1831, and took up his residence at Guelph.

In the next year returned to Stratford, where he resided until his death. For many years agent of the Bank of Upper Canada at Stratford.

=Daly, Malachy Bowes= (1836- ). Son of Sir Dominick Daly; born in Quebec. Educated at St. Mary's College, Oscott, England; studied law and called to the bar of Nova Scotia, 1864. Private secretary to various governors of Nova Scotia. Sat in House of Commons for Halifax, 1878-1887; lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia, 1890-1900. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Damours, Mathieu.= =F= Member of Sovereign Council, 106; arrested by Frontenac, 139. =L= Member of Sovereign Council, 158, 166; imprisoned, 167.

=Daniel, Andre.= Eldest son of Antoine Daniel, of Dieppe, and brother of Charles. Died in 1637. =Index=: =Ch= Sent to London (1629) to demand restoration of New France, 212-213.

=Daniel, Antoine= (1600-1648). Son of Antoine Daniel, of Dieppe. Entered the Society of Jesus; came to Canada in 1633; and in 1634 accompanied Brebeuf to the Huron country, where they laid the beginnings of that ill-fated mission. In 1636 came to Quebec to open the Seminary, which, from very modest beginnings, has since developed into Laval University.

Returned to the Huron mission, and in 1648 murdered by the Iroquois.

=Index=: =L= Wounded while ministering to the dying, 5. =Ch= Murdered by the Iroquois, 92; missionary in Cape Breton, 1633, 237. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Jesuits in North America_.

=Daniel, Charles.= Son of Antoine Daniel, of Dieppe. Made a notable voyage to New France in 1629, of which he left a graphic narrative.

Arriving at Cape Breton that year, with two armed vessels, found Lord Ochiltree, who had joined Sir William Alexander in his colonization schemes, building a fort near Louisbourg. Seized the colonists and carried them off to France. =Index=: =Ch= Captured by the Kirkes, 200.

=Bib.=: _Voyage a la Nouvelle-France du Capitaine Charles Daniel_. For biog., _see_ Biggar, _Early Trading Companies of New France_; Parkman, _Pioneers of France_; Kirke, _The First English Conquest of Canada_.

=Daoust, J. B.= =C= One of the Liberal leaders in Lower Canada, 25.

=Darache, Captain.= =Ch= A Basque, disregards monopoly granted to De Monts, 40.

=Darontal.= =Ch= Huron chief, 103.

=Dartmouth, William Legge, second Earl of= (1731-1801). =Dr= Succeeded as secretary of state by Germain, 148.

=Daubressy, Captain.= =WM= Carries articles of capitulation of Quebec to Vaudreuil, 234.

=Daulac.= _See_ Dollard des Ormeaux.

=David, Laurent Olivier= (1840- ). Educated at St. Therese College; studied law and called to the bar of Lower Canada, 1864. One of founders, and editor, of _L'Opinion Publique_, 1870. Represented Montreal East in Quebec Legislature, 1886-1890. Called to the Senate, 1903. =Index=: =C= One of the founders of _Le Parti National_, and its organ, _Le National_, 30. =Bib.=: Works: _Biographies et Portraits_; _Les Heros de Chateauguay_; _Les Patriotes de_ 1837-1838; _Mes Contemporains_; _Les Deux Papineau_; _L'Union des Deux Canadas_; _Le Drapeau de Carillon_; _Laurier et Son Temps_; _Le Clerge Canadien_: _Sa Mission et Son [OE]uvre_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Davidson, John.= =Sy= Made commissioner of crown lands, 333. =BL= Commissioner of crown lands, proposed to retire him with pension, 125; opposition to, 126; collector of customs, 133.

=Davin, Nicholas Flood= (1843-1901). Born in Ireland. Studied law and called to the English bar, 1868. Served as war correspondent during Franco-Prussian War. Came to Canada, 1872; joined staff of the _Globe_, and later, the _Mail_. Called to the Ontario bar, 1874. Established the Regina _Leader_, 1883. Represented West a.s.siniboia in Dominion Parliament, 1887-1900. =Index=: =BL= Quoted on Hincks, 121, 131; on Baldwin, 172. =Bib.=: Works: _The Irishman in Canada_; _Eos, an Epic of the Dawn_; _Culture and Practical Power_; _Ireland and the Empire_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Davies, Sir Louis Henry= (1845- ). Born in Prince Edward Island.

Educated at Prince of Wales College; studied law and called to the bar of Prince Edward Island, 1866. Sat in the a.s.sembly, 1872-1879; premier and attorney-general, 1876. Elected to the House of Commons for Queen's, 1882; minister of marine and fisheries in the Laurier administration, 1896; counsel for Great Britain before the International Fisheries Commission at Halifax, 1877; one of the joint high commissioners on behalf of Great Britain to settle differences between the United States and Canada, 1898; knighted, 1897; appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of Canada, 1902. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Davis, Captain Sylva.n.u.s.= =F= Captured at Fort Loyal, 252; a prisoner in Quebec, during siege by Phipps, 294.

=Davost, Father.= =Ch= Jesuit missionary in Cape Breton, 237.