26. SIRIO SIRIO, xxvii: 109, C. to Paul, early Aug. 1776.

27. Corberon, ii: 79, 7 Oct. 1776 NS.

28. Corberon, ii: 20, 13 Oct. 1776 NS. The second performance was 'very badly attended': ibid., 22.

29. McGrew, 99103.

30. Harris Diaries, i: 174, Harris to Yorke, 2/13 Feb. 1778.

31. Harris Diaries, i: 17879, Harris to Suffolk, 7/18 Mar. 1778.

32. Grimm, 83, 24 Mar. 1778.

33. Lopatin, 39 [30 Aug. 1774].

34. S. G. Runkevich, Sviato-Troitskaia Aleksandro-Nevskaia Lavra, 17131913 Sviato-Troitskaia Aleksandro-Nevskaia Lavra, 17131913, 2 vols. (SPb, 2001 edn.), ii: 1345, 1378; N. Belekhov and A. Petrov, Ivan Starov: Materialy k izucheniiu tvorchestva Ivan Starov: Materialy k izucheniiu tvorchestva (M, 1950), 678; (M, 1950), 678; KfZh KfZh (1778), 53747. (1778), 53747.

35. Proschwitz, 1312, C. to Gustav III, 2 Sept. 1778.

36. KfZh KfZh (1781), 5256; Proschwitz, 159, 15 Dec. 1781. (1781), 5256; Proschwitz, 159, 15 Dec. 1781.

37. SIRIO SIRIO, xv: 39, C. to Paul and Maria Fedorovna, undated.

38. On tears, see SIRIO SIRIO, xxvii: 308, C's instruction to Saltykov.

39. Proschwitz, 159, C. to Gustav III, 15 Dec. 1781.

40. SIRIO SIRIO, ix: 97, C. to Maria Fedorovna, 7 Dec. 1781 41. Grimm, 176, 14 May 1780; see also 190, 2 Oct.

42. M. Okenfuss, The Discovery of Childhood in Russia The Discovery of Childhood in Russia (Newtonville, MA, 1980), 5862. (Newtonville, MA, 1980), 5862.

43. Madariaga, 4958 (4978). The 'Book On the Duties of Man and Citizen' is translated by E. Gorky in J. L. Black, Citizens for the Fatherland: Education, educators, and pedagogical ideals in eighteenth-century Russia Citizens for the Fatherland: Education, educators, and pedagogical ideals in eighteenth-century Russia (Boulder, CO, 1979), 20966. (Boulder, CO, 1979), 20966.

44. SIRIO SIRIO, ix: 110, C. to Maria Fedorovna, 4 Jan. 1782.

45. Ibid., 124, 25 Feb. 1782.

46. Ibid., 127, 10 Mar. 1782.

47. E. P. Renne, 'Kartiny Bromptona v Ermitazhe', in Zapadno-Evropeiskoe iskusstvo XVIII veka: Publikatsii i issledovaniia Zapadno-Evropeiskoe iskusstvo XVIII veka: Publikatsii i issledovaniia (Leningrad, 1987), 578. On Brompton'a harum-scarum artist' to Jeremy Bentham, yet to C. a second Van Dycksee Cross, 30812. (Leningrad, 1987), 578. On Brompton'a harum-scarum artist' to Jeremy Bentham, yet to C. a second Van Dycksee Cross, 30812.

48. Lopatin, 189, early 1784; Zorin, Kormia dvuglavogo orla Kormia dvuglavogo orla, 1301.

49. Harris Diaries, i: 236, Harris to Weymouth, 24 May/4 June 1779.

50. Shvidkovsky, The empress and the architect The empress and the architect, 105.

51. Harris Diaries, i: 2378, Harris to Weymouth, 24 May/4 June 1779.

52. Harris Papers, 1036, G. Harris to E. Harris, 2/13 July 1779. On Hermes Hermes, see C. T. Probyn, The sociable Humanist: The life and works of James Harris The sociable Humanist: The life and works of James Harris (Oxford, 1991), ch. 5. (Oxford, 1991), ch. 5.

53. The following draws on 'Zhurnal vysochais.h.a.go puteshestviia v gorod Mogilev 1780 g.', KfZh KfZh (1780), 267432; 'Dnevnaia zapiska puteshestviia Eia Imperatorskago Velichestva chrez Pskov i Polotsk v Mogilev', (1780), 267432; 'Dnevnaia zapiska puteshestviia Eia Imperatorskago Velichestva chrez Pskov i Polotsk v Mogilev', SIRIO SIRIO, i: 384420; and C.'s letters to Paul and Maria Fedorovna, SIRIO SIRIO, ix: 3963. See also Beales, Joseph II Joseph II, 4318 and N. V. Bessarabova, 'Iosif II i Ekaterina II v puteshestviiakh po Rossii', in Nemtsy v Rossii: rossiisko-nemetskii dialog Nemtsy v Rossii: rossiisko-nemetskii dialog, ed. G. I. Smagina (SPb, 2001), 4619.

54. Grimm, 166, 7 Dec. 1779.

55. Dimsdale, 71; Bessarabova, 38, 456.

56. Grimm, 178, 16 May 1780.

57. AKV AKV, xiii: 16.

58. SIRIO SIRIO, ix: 49, 19 May 1780.

59. SIRIO SIRIO, ix: 48, 18 May 1780.

60. Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich, Graf Pavel Aleksandrovich Stroganov (17741817) Graf Pavel Aleksandrovich Stroganov (17741817), 3 vols. (SPb, 1903), i: 2378, A. S. Stroganov to G. Romme. A total of 300 n.o.ble pupils and 130 children of townspeople were enrolled in the six schools in Polotsk province in 1780, when Mogilev province had 34 schools with 858 pupils: Madariaga, 494.

61. SIRIO SIRIO, ix: 51, 22 May 1780; KfZh KfZh (1780), 329. On the (1780), 329. On the namestniki namestniki's silver services, see above, p. 240.

62. Grimm, 180, 25 May 1780.

63. Engelhardt, 336 (33). On the landscape, see ibid., p. 28, and SIRIO SIRIO, ix: 53, 24 May 1780.

64. KfZh KfZh (1780), 3369; Lopatin, 140, C. to Potemkin, 23 May 1780. (1780), 3369; Lopatin, 140, C. to Potemkin, 23 May 1780.

65. Lopatin, 139, 22 May 1780.

66. Engelhardt, 2631; Montefiore, 225.

67. Grimm, 181, 27 May 1780; ibid., 208, 23 June 1781.

68. Grimm, 181, 190, 27 May and 2 Oct. 1780.

69. SIRIO SIRIO, ix: 59, 1 June 1780.

70. Harris Diaries, i: 313, Harris to Elliot (at Berlin), 2/13 June 1780.

71. Harris Diaries, i: 314, Harris to Keith (at Vienna), June 1780.

72. Bezborodko, 231, 17 Oct. 1780.

73. P. Mansel, Prince of Europe: The life of Charles-Joseph de Ligne Prince of Europe: The life of Charles-Joseph de Ligne (London, 2003), 101. (London, 2003), 101.

74. I. de Madariaga, 'The secret Austro-Russian treaty of 1781', SEER SEER, 38 (1959), 11445; Ransel, Politics Politics, 2545.

75. Anderson, ed., Letters of Mozart Letters of Mozart, 780, 24 Nov. 1781 NS.

76. McGrew, 120.

77. McGrew, 11242; N. I. Stadnichuk, 'Puteshestvie grafa i grafini severnykh v neapolitanskoe korolevstvo', PKNO PKNO: 2004 (M, 2006), 398431.

78. The following draws on 'Peterburgskoe obshchestvo v 1781 g., pis'ma Pikara k kn. A.B. Kurakinu', RS RS, Apr. 1870, 297321; 'S.-Peterburg v 1782 G.o.du: izvestiia Pikara o sobytiiakh v gorode i pri dvore', RS RS, May 1878, 3966.

79. Bezborodko, 253, 25 Nov. 1781.

80. Grimm, 47, 18 Apr. 1776.

81. Khrapovitskii, 12, 18 Apr. and 25 July 1782; J. M. Hartley, 'Catherine's conscience courtan English equity court?', in Russia and the West in the Eighteenth Century Russia and the West in the Eighteenth Century, ed. A. G. Cross (Newtonville, MA, 1981).

82. Madariaga, 2925.

83. Montefiore, 2378, gives different dates.

84. Grimm, 152, 14 July 1779.

85. KfZh KfZh (1781), 654. (1781), 654.

86. 'Peterburgskoe obshchestvo', 300, 12 Oct. 1781.

87. KfZh KfZh (1782), 50. (1782), 50.

88. Grimm, 2423, 28 June 1782.

89. Falconet, 130, C. to Falconet, 1 June 1770, records the complaint of the 'scandalised' Chebyshev, chief procurator of the Holy Synod. cf. Schenker, Bronze Horseman Bronze Horseman, 24951.

90. Harris to Grantham, 9 Aug. 1782, quoted in C. Frank, '"A man more jealous of glory than of wealth": Houdon's dealings with Russia', in Jean-Antoine Houdon: Sculptor of the Enlightenment Jean-Antoine Houdon: Sculptor of the Enlightenment, ed. A. L. Poulet (Washington, D.C., 2003), 56.

91. Grimm, 645, 10 Sept. 1777.

92. Corberon, ii: 17780, 2122 Sept. NS; Proschwitz, 93, C. to Gustav III, 29 Sept. 1777.

93. Lopatin, 118, after 10 Sept. 1777. C. remembered the precise height of the waters in 1777 when the river rose again (by only seven feet) in 1794: Grimm, 603, 21 Apr. 1794.

94. Dimsdale, 41.

95. PSZ PSZ, xx: 14,968, 14 Jan. 1780. For an inspection, see KfZh KfZh (1786), 3714. On the dispute in 1787, see Alexander, 261. (1786), 3714. On the dispute in 1787, see Alexander, 261.

96. Storch, 15. See also, Stedingk, i: 40.

97. Quoted in Shvidkovsky, The Empress and the Architect The Empress and the Architect, 45.

98. V. Shevchenko, 'Proekt "antichnogo doma" dlia Ekateriny II. Mify i real'nost", in L. Tedeschi and N. Navone, eds., Ot mifa k proektu: Vliianie ital'ianskikh i tichinskikh arkhitektorov v Rossii epokhi kla.s.sitsi Ot mifa k proektu: Vliianie ital'ianskikh i tichinskikh arkhitektorov v Rossii epokhi kla.s.sitsi[image]ma (SPb, 2004), 769.

99. Grimm, 379, 7 July 1786; Shvidkovsky, The Empress and the Architect The Empress and the Architect, 619.

100. Shvidkovsky, The Empress and the Architect The Empress and the Architect, 85; Dimsdale, 53. See also Grimm, 239, 2 June 1782.

101. Grimm, 2078, 22 June 1781.

102. SIRIO SIRIO, ix: 140, C. to Maria Fedorovna, 23 Apr. 1782.

103. Quoted in S. Ma.s.sie, Pavlovsk: The Life of a Russian Palace Pavlovsk: The Life of a Russian Palace (London, 1990), 323, where the visit is dated 11 May, presumably the NS date of K. Kiukhel'beker's letter to Maria Fedorovna. Compare (London, 1990), 323, where the visit is dated 11 May, presumably the NS date of K. Kiukhel'beker's letter to Maria Fedorovna. Compare SIRIO SIRIO, ix: 1457, C. to Mariia Fedorovna, 2 May 1782; KfZh KfZh (1782), 186, 29 Apr. (1782), 186, 29 Apr.

104. Grimm, 157, 23 Aug. 1779.

105. Grimm, 255, 15 Nov. 1782.

106. Corberon, i: 156, 4 Feb. 1776 NS.

107. A. Moore, 'The Houghton Sale', in British Art Treasures British Art Treasures, 4655; J. Conlin, The Nation's Mantelpiece: A history of the National Gallery The Nation's Mantelpiece: A history of the National Gallery (London, 2006), 218. (London, 2006), 218.

108. Grimm, 47, 18 Apr. 1776; 145, 18 June 1779. See also C. Frank, '"Plus il y en aura, mieux ce sera"Caterina II di Russia e Anton Raphael Mengs. Suo ruolo degli agenti 'cesarei' Grimm e Reiffenstein', in Mengs: La Scoperta del Neocla.s.sico Mengs: La Scoperta del Neocla.s.sico, ed. S. Roettgen (Padua, 2001), 8695.

109. Grimm, 167, 2 Jan. 1780; 253, 14 Nov. 1782; McGrew, 134; Charles-Louis Clerisseau (17211820): Dessins du musee de l'Ermitage Saint-Petersbourg Charles-Louis Clerisseau (17211820): Dessins du musee de l'Ermitage Saint-Petersbourg (Paris, 1995). (Paris, 1995).

110. Grimm, 93, 21 June 1778; Frank, '"A man more jealous of glory than wealth"', in Jean-Antoine Houdon, Jean-Antoine Houdon, ed. Poulet, 545. ed. Poulet, 545.

111. Bentham, ii: 201, J. Bentham to S. Bentham, 2021 Dec. 1778.

112. M. P. Alekseev, 'Biblioteka Vol'tera v Rossii', in Biblioteka Vol'tera: Katalog knig Biblioteka Vol'tera: Katalog knig (Leningrad, 1961), 9, 26. (Leningrad, 1961), 9, 26.

113. Grimm, 221, 27 Sept. 1781.

114. S. Ia. Karp, 'Perepiska Grimma s Verzhennom (17751777)', in Russko-frantsuzskie kul'turnye sviazi v epokhu Prosveshcheniia: Materialy i issledovaniia Russko-frantsuzskie kul'turnye sviazi v epokhu Prosveshcheniia: Materialy i issledovaniia (M, 2001), 1378, Grimm to Vergennes, 15 Feb. 1777. De Mailly's piece was delivered, to general acclamation, in June 1778: see Grimm, 95. (M, 2001), 1378, Grimm to Vergennes, 15 Feb. 1777. De Mailly's piece was delivered, to general acclamation, in June 1778: see Grimm, 95.

115. Grimm, 84, 24 Mar. 1778; N. Rotshtein, 'Novyia knigi po keramiki', Starye G.o.dy Starye G.o.dy, Apr. 1909, 219. 'A Rouble is 5 French livres', Bentham, ii: 126, J. Bentham to S. Bentham, 18 June 1778.

116. Grimm, 135, 16 Apr. 1779.

117. Quarenghi, 58, to Betskoy, July 1784.

118. Madariaga, 3879; Smith, Love and Conquest Love and Conquest, 11520; Montefiore, 2469, 2529; Lopatin, 176, 15 July 1783.

119. L. V. Tychinina and N. B. Bessarabova, Kniaginia Dashkova i imperatorskii dvor Kniaginia Dashkova i imperatorskii dvor (M, 2006), 4063, summarises the evidence of (M, 2006), 4063, summarises the evidence of KfZh KfZh.

120. Madariaga, 535.

121. G. I. Smagina, 'Kniaginia Ekaterina Romanovna Dashkova: Shtrikhi k portretu', in E. R. Dashkova, O smysle slova 'vospitanie': sochineniia, pis'ma, dok.u.menty O smysle slova 'vospitanie': sochineniia, pis'ma, dok.u.menty (M, 2001), 5663, 712. (M, 2001), 5663, 712.

122. Beer and Fiedler, i: 20, Cobenzl to Joseph II, 5 May 1780 NS.

123. Dimsdale, 57; Proschwitz, 196, C. to Gustav III, 10 Jul. 1783.

124. Grimm, 84, 24 Mar. 1778. See also, Parkinson, 27, 11 Nov. 1792.

125. 'Dnevnik grafa Bobrinskago', RA RA, Oct. 1877, 135, 23 Feb. 1782.

126. AKV AKV, xxi: 264.