299 . Evans, . Evans, The Coming of the Third Reich The Coming of the Third Reich, 61.

300 . See Rossino, . See Rossino, Hitler Strikes Poland Hitler Strikes Poland, arguing against J*rgen F*rster, 'Jewish Policies of the German Military, 1939-1942', in Asher Cohen et al et al. (eds.), The Shoah and the War The Shoah and the War (New York, 1992), 53-71, at 56, and Umbreit, (New York, 1992), 53-71, at 56, and Umbreit, Deutsche Milit*rverwaltungen Deutsche Milit*rverwaltungen, 137, 273.

Chapter 2. FORTUNES OF WAR.1 . Roger Moorhouse, . Roger Moorhouse, Killing Hitler: The Third Reich and the Plots against the F*hrer Killing Hitler: The Third Reich and the Plots against the F*hrer (London, 2006), 36-58, is the most recent account. See also Peter Hoffmann, (London, 2006), 36-58, is the most recent account. See also Peter Hoffmann, Hitler's Personal Security Hitler's Personal Security (London, 1979), 105-11. (London, 1979), 105-11.

2 . Moorhouse, . Moorhouse, Killing Hitler Killing Hitler, 50-53; Heinz H*hne, The Order of the Death's Head: The Story of Hitler's SS The Order of the Death's Head: The Story of Hitler's SS (London, 1972 [1966]), 264-6. (London, 1972 [1966]), 264-6.

3 . Moorhouse, . Moorhouse, Killing Hitler Killing Hitler, 43-50; Kershaw, Hitler Hitler, II. 271-5.

4 . Boberach (ed.), . Boberach (ed.), Meldungen Meldungen, III. 449: Bericht zur innenpolitischen Lage Nr. 15, 13 November 1939.

5 . Shirer, . Shirer, Berlin Diary Berlin Diary, 194-5 (9 November 1939).

6 . Alan Bullock, . Alan Bullock, Hitler: A Study in Tyranny Hitler: A Study in Tyranny (London, 1952), 522-3, claimed the Gestapo was responsible, as did Peter Padfield, (London, 1952), 522-3, claimed the Gestapo was responsible, as did Peter Padfield, Himmler: Reichsf*hrer-SS Himmler: Reichsf*hrer-SS (London, 1990), 283. See however Anton Hoch, 'Das Attentat auf Hitler im M*nchener B*rgerbr*ukeller 1939', (London, 1990), 283. See however Anton Hoch, 'Das Attentat auf Hitler im M*nchener B*rgerbr*ukeller 1939', VfZ VfZ 17 (1969), 383-413, and especially Lothar Gruchmann (ed.), 17 (1969), 383-413, and especially Lothar Gruchmann (ed.), Autobiographie eines Attent*ters: Johann Georg Elser: Aussage zum Sprengstoffanschlag im B*rgerbr*ukeller, M*nchen, am 8. November 1939 Autobiographie eines Attent*ters: Johann Georg Elser: Aussage zum Sprengstoffanschlag im B*rgerbr*ukeller, M*nchen, am 8. November 1939 (Stuttgart, 1970). (Stuttgart, 1970).

7 . Moorhouse, . Moorhouse, Killing Hitler Killing Hitler, 58.

8 . Hans-Adolf Jacobsen (ed.), . Hans-Adolf Jacobsen (ed.), Dokumente zur Vorgeschichte des Westfeldzuges 1939-1940 Dokumente zur Vorgeschichte des Westfeldzuges 1939-1940 (G*ttingen, 1956), 5-7. For the generals' previous caution, see Evans, (G*ttingen, 1956), 5-7. For the generals' previous caution, see Evans, The Third Reich in Power The Third Reich in Power, 633, 642, 668-70.

9 . International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg: ND 789-PS, 572-80: see Evans, . International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg: ND 789-PS, 572-80: see Evans, The Third Reich in Power The Third Reich in Power, 892.

10 . Fedor von Bock, . Fedor von Bock, Generalfeldmarschall Fedor von Bock: Zwischen Pflicht und Verweigerung: Das Kriegstagebuch Generalfeldmarschall Fedor von Bock: Zwischen Pflicht und Verweigerung: Das Kriegstagebuch (ed. Klaus Gerbet, Munich, 1995), 78-9 (23 November 1939). (ed. Klaus Gerbet, Munich, 1995), 78-9 (23 November 1939).

11 . For the confrontation of 1938, see Evans, . For the confrontation of 1938, see Evans, The Third Reich in Power The Third Reich in Power, 668-71; for the arguments of 1939-40 and the revival of the plot, see Kershaw, Hitler Hitler, II. 262-71, and Johannes H*rter, Hitlers Heerf*hrer: Die deutschen Oberbefehlshaber im Krieg gegen die Sowjetunion 1941/42 Hitlers Heerf*hrer: Die deutschen Oberbefehlshaber im Krieg gegen die Sowjetunion 1941/42 (Munich, 2007), 163-71. (Munich, 2007), 163-71.

12 . Tooze, . Tooze, The Wages of Destruction The Wages of Destruction, 331-43. An exhaustive account of the airplane building programme is provided by Lutz Budrass, Flugzeugindustrie und Luftr*stung in Deutschland Flugzeugindustrie und Luftr*stung in Deutschland (D*sseldorf, 1998). The supply situation was a constant concern in Halder's diary during these months (Halder, (D*sseldorf, 1998). The supply situation was a constant concern in Halder's diary during these months (Halder, Kriegstagebuch Kriegstagebuch, I, passim passim).

13 . Rolf-Dieter M*ller, 'The Mobilization of the German Economy for Hitler's War Aims', . Rolf-Dieter M*ller, 'The Mobilization of the German Economy for Hitler's War Aims', GSWW GSWW V/I. 407-786, at 407-11; Tooze, V/I. 407-786, at 407-11; Tooze, The Wages of Destruction The Wages of Destruction, 343-8.

14 . M*ller, 'The Mobilization', 453-85. . M*ller, 'The Mobilization', 453-85.

15 . Evans, . Evans, The Third Reich in Power The Third Reich in Power, 364-5; for Todt see ibid., 322-5.

16 . Weinberg, . Weinberg, A World at Arms A World at Arms, 100-103; Catherine Merridale, Ivan's War: The Red Army 1939-1945 Ivan's War: The Red Army 1939-1945 (London, 2005), 67-70. For German policy, see Gerd R. Uebersch*r, (London, 2005), 67-70. For German policy, see Gerd R. Uebersch*r, Hitler und Finnland 1938-1941 Hitler und Finnland 1938-1941 (Wiesbaden, 1978). (Wiesbaden, 1978).

17 . Merridale, . Merridale, Ivan's War Ivan's War, 44-7, 57-60, 67-71.

18 . Weinberg, . Weinberg, A World at Arms A World at Arms, 105-7; John Erickson, The Soviet High Command The Soviet High Command (London, 1962), 541-52; Tomas Ries, (London, 1962), 541-52; Tomas Ries, Cold Will: The Defence of Finland Cold Will: The Defence of Finland (London, 1988); Geoffrey Roberts, (London, 1988); Geoffrey Roberts, Stalin's Wars: From World War to Cold War, 1939-1953 Stalin's Wars: From World War to Cold War, 1939-1953 (London, 2006), 46-55; Chris Bellamy, (London, 2006), 46-55; Chris Bellamy, Absolute War: Soviet Russia in the Second World War: A Modern History Absolute War: Soviet Russia in the Second World War: A Modern History (London, 2007), 69-98. (London, 2007), 69-98.

19 . Thomas K. Derry, 'Norway', in Stuart J. Woolf (ed.), . Thomas K. Derry, 'Norway', in Stuart J. Woolf (ed.), European Fascism European Fascism (London, 1968), 217-30, at 217-24. (London, 1968), 217-30, at 217-24.

20 . Derry, 'Norway', 224-6; Weinberg, . Derry, 'Norway', 224-6; Weinberg, A World at Arms A World at Arms, 114-15; Oddvar K. Hoidal, Quisling: A Study in Treason Quisling: A Study in Treason (Oslo, 1989); Carl-Axel Gemzell, (Oslo, 1989); Carl-Axel Gemzell, Raeder, Hitler und Skandinavien Raeder, Hitler und Skandinavien (Lund, 1965). For Quisling's visit to Berlin in December 1939 and Raeder's key role in prewar planning, see Hans-Martin Ottmer, (Lund, 1965). For Quisling's visit to Berlin in December 1939 and Raeder's key role in prewar planning, see Hans-Martin Ottmer, 'Weser*bung': Der deutsche Angriff auf D*nemark und Norwegen im April 1940 'Weser*bung': Der deutsche Angriff auf D*nemark und Norwegen im April 1940 (Munich, 1994), 24-6, 3-17. (Munich, 1994), 24-6, 3-17.

21 . Bernd Stegemann, 'Operation Weser*bung', in . Bernd Stegemann, 'Operation Weser*bung', in GSWW GSWW II. 206-19, at 211-12; Ottmer, II. 206-19, at 211-12; Ottmer, 'Weser*bung' 'Weser*bung', 67-79; Hubatsch (ed.), Hitlers Weisungen Hitlers Weisungen, 47-50.

22 . Stegemann, 'Operation Weser*bung', 207-11; Ottmer, . Stegemann, 'Operation Weser*bung', 207-11; Ottmer, 'Weser*bung' 'Weser*bung', 79-131.

23 . Vidkun Quisling, . Vidkun Quisling, Quisling ruft Norwegen! Reden und Aufs*tze Quisling ruft Norwegen! Reden und Aufs*tze (Munich, 1942), 96-7, 102, 105, 137. (Munich, 1942), 96-7, 102, 105, 137.

24 . Stegemann, 'Operation Weser*bung', 212-15. . Stegemann, 'Operation Weser*bung', 212-15.

25 . Weinberg, . Weinberg, A World at Arms A World at Arms, 119-21; Shirer, Berlin Diary Berlin Diary, 254 (4 May 1940).

26 . Meier-Welcker, . Meier-Welcker, Aufzeichnungen Aufzeichnungen, 54 (21 March 1940).

27 . Roy Jenkins, . Roy Jenkins, Churchill Churchill (London, 2001), 573-84. (London, 2001), 573-84.

28 . Peter Clarke, . Peter Clarke, Hope and Glory: Britain 1900-1990 Hope and Glory: Britain 1900-1990 (London, 1996), 192-6. (London, 1996), 192-6.

29 . Jacobsen (ed.), . Jacobsen (ed.), Dokumente Dokumente, 64-5, 155-6; Hans-Adolf Jacobsen, Fall Gelb: Der Kampf um den deutschen Operationsplan zur Westoffensive 1940 Fall Gelb: Der Kampf um den deutschen Operationsplan zur Westoffensive 1940 (Wiesbaden, 1957); Karl-Heinz Frieser, (Wiesbaden, 1957); Karl-Heinz Frieser, Blitzkrieg-Legende: Der Westfeldzug 1940 Blitzkrieg-Legende: Der Westfeldzug 1940 (Munich, 1996 [1995]), 15-70 for the short-term, improvised nature of the plan, 71-116 for arguments about it within the military hierarchy. (Munich, 1996 [1995]), 15-70 for the short-term, improvised nature of the plan, 71-116 for arguments about it within the military hierarchy.

30 . Shirer, . Shirer, Berlin Diary Berlin Diary, 275-6 (20 May 1940); Hans Umbreit, 'The Battle for Hegemony in Western Europe', in GSWW GSWW II. 227-326, at 270-80; Julian Jackson, II. 227-326, at 270-80; Julian Jackson, The Fall of France: The Nazi Invasion of 1940 The Fall of France: The Nazi Invasion of 1940 (Oxford, 2003), 9-39; Ernest R. May, (Oxford, 2003), 9-39; Ernest R. May, Strange Victory: Hitler's Conquest of France Strange Victory: Hitler's Conquest of France (New York, 2000). (New York, 2000).

31 . Shirer, . Shirer, Berlin Diary Berlin Diary, 276-9 (20 May 1940).

32 . Weinberg, . Weinberg, A World at Arms A World at Arms, 122-6.

33 . Umbreit, 'The Battle', 37; Frieser, . Umbreit, 'The Battle', 37; Frieser, Blitzkrieg-Legende Blitzkrieg-Legende, 428.

34 . Jackson, . Jackson, The Fall of France The Fall of France, 37-9; Frieser, Blitzkrieg-Legende Blitzkrieg-Legende, 135.

35 . Bock, . Bock, Zwischen Pflicht und Verweigerung Zwischen Pflicht und Verweigerung, 101 (24 February 1940).

36 . Jackson, . Jackson, The Fall of France The Fall of France, 42-7; Umbreit, 'The Battle', 278-304; vivid narrative in Tooze, The Wages of Destruction The Wages of Destruction, 374-9; details of the amphetamine use in Werner Pieper (ed.), Nazis on Speed: Drogen im 3. Reich Nazis on Speed: Drogen im 3. Reich (Loherbach, 2002), 325-30; the best recent critical account in Frieser, (Loherbach, 2002), 325-30; the best recent critical account in Frieser, Blitzkrieg-Legende Blitzkrieg-Legende, 173-361.

37 . Jackson, . Jackson, The Fall of France The Fall of France, 9-12 (quote on 10).

38 . Ibid., 58-62. . Ibid., 58-62.

39 . Ibid., 85-94, gives a judicious account of these much-contested events; see also Kershaw, . Ibid., 85-94, gives a judicious account of these much-contested events; see also Kershaw, Hitler Hitler, II. 295-6.

40 . Bock, . Bock, Zwischen Pflicht und Verweigerung Zwischen Pflicht und Verweigerung, 135 (26 May 1940), 140 (30 May 1940); Hans-Adolf Jacobsen, D*nkirchen: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Westfeldzuges 1940 D*nkirchen: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Westfeldzuges 1940 (Neckargem*nd, 1958), 70-122, 203, and idem (ed.), (Neckargem*nd, 1958), 70-122, 203, and idem (ed.), Dokumente zum Westfeldzug 1940 Dokumente zum Westfeldzug 1940 (G*ttingen, 1960), 114-46, both pinning the responsibility on Rundstedt; Frieser, (G*ttingen, 1960), 114-46, both pinning the responsibility on Rundstedt; Frieser, Blitzkrieg-Legende Blitzkrieg-Legende, 363-93, emphasizes Hitler's role.

41 . Bock, . Bock, Zwischen Pflicht und Verweigerung Zwischen Pflicht und Verweigerung, 143 (2 June 1940).

42 . Jackson, . Jackson, The Fall of France The Fall of France, 94-100.

43 . Ibid., 101-6 (quote on 105). . Ibid., 101-6 (quote on 105).

44 . Ibid., 107-73; Frieser, . Ibid., 107-73; Frieser, Blitzkrieg-Legende Blitzkrieg-Legende, 399-409; May, Strange Victory Strange Victory, 448-9, arguing for the buoyancy of French military morale in the early stages of the invasion.

45 . Irene N'mirovsky, . Irene N'mirovsky, Suite Franaise Suite Franaise (London, 2007 [2004]), 50. (London, 2007 [2004]), 50.

46 . Ibid., 42. . Ibid., 42.

47 . Jackson, . Jackson, The Fall of France The Fall of France, 174-82; Hanna Diamond, Fleeing Hitler: France 1940 Fleeing Hitler: France 1940 (Oxford, 2007). (Oxford, 2007).

48 . Meier-Welcker, . Meier-Welcker, Aufzeichnungen Aufzeichnungen, 74 (12 June 1940).

49 . Shirer, . Shirer, Berlin Diary Berlin Diary, 328-32 (21 June, 1940).

50 . Jackson, . Jackson, The Fall of France The Fall of France, 232; the best overall survey remains the same author's France: The Dark Years 1940-1944 France: The Dark Years 1940-1944 (Oxford, 2001). (Oxford, 2001).

51 . Frieser, . Frieser, Blitzkrieg-Legende Blitzkrieg-Legende, 409-35.

52 . Albert Speer, . Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich: Memoirs Inside the Third Reich: Memoirs (London, 1971 [1970]), 170-2 (also quoted in Lynn Nicholas, (London, 1971 [1970]), 170-2 (also quoted in Lynn Nicholas, The Rape of Europa: The Fate of Europe's Treasures in the Third Reich and the Second World War The Rape of Europa: The Fate of Europe's Treasures in the Third Reich and the Second World War (New York, 1994), 118). (New York, 1994), 118).

53 . Shirer, . Shirer, Berlin Diary Berlin Diary, 260-63 (10-11 May 1940).

54 . Lore Walb, . Lore Walb, Ich, die Alte - ich, die Junge: Konfrontation mit meinen Tageb*chern 1933-1945 Ich, die Alte - ich, die Junge: Konfrontation mit meinen Tageb*chern 1933-1945 (Berlin, 1997), 179 (21 May 1940). (Berlin, 1997), 179 (21 May 1940).

55 . Boberach (ed.), . Boberach (ed.), Meldungen Meldungen, IV. 1,163 (23 May 1940).

56 . Ibid., 1,189 (30 May 1940), 1,261 (17 June 1940). . Ibid., 1,189 (30 May 1940), 1,261 (17 June 1940).

57 . Ibid., 1,274-5 (20 June 1940). . Ibid., 1,274-5 (20 June 1940).

58 . Hosenfeld, . Hosenfeld, 'Ich versuche' 'Ich versuche', 294 (letter to his wife 25 November 1939).

59 . Ibid., 356 (11 June 1940, letter to son). . Ibid., 356 (11 June 1940, letter to son).

60 . Luise Solmitz, . Luise Solmitz, Tagebuch Tagebuch (Staatsarchiv der Freien- und Hansestadt Hamburg, 622-1, 111511-13: Familie Solmitz; transcripts in Forschungsstelle f*r Zeitgeschichte, Hamburg), XI. 551, 560, 563, 565-6 (12 June 1940, 17 June 1940, 21 June 1940). (Staatsarchiv der Freien- und Hansestadt Hamburg, 622-1, 111511-13: Familie Solmitz; transcripts in Forschungsstelle f*r Zeitgeschichte, Hamburg), XI. 551, 560, 563, 565-6 (12 June 1940, 17 June 1940, 21 June 1940).

61 . Gerhard L. Weinberg, 'Hitler and England, 1933-1945: Pretense and Reality', . Gerhard L. Weinberg, 'Hitler and England, 1933-1945: Pretense and Reality', German Studies Review German Studies Review, 8 (1988), 299-309, argues that Hitler was never interested in a deal with Britain; see also Weinberg, A World at Arms A World at Arms, 89-95.

62 . Frances Donaldson, . Frances Donaldson, Edward VIII Edward VIII (London, 1974), 191-206, 327-34, 358-77; Michael Bloch, (London, 1974), 191-206, 327-34, 358-77; Michael Bloch, Operation Willi: The Plot to Kidnap the Duke of Windsor, July 1940 Operation Willi: The Plot to Kidnap the Duke of Windsor, July 1940 (London, 1984); Walter Schellenberg, (London, 1984); Walter Schellenberg, The Memoirs of Hitler's Spymaster The Memoirs of Hitler's Spymaster (London, 2006 [1956]). (London, 2006 [1956]).

63 . Weinberg, . Weinberg, A World at Arms A World at Arms, 118.

64 . Charles S. Thomas, . Charles S. Thomas, The German Navy in the Nazi Era The German Navy in the Nazi Era (London, 1990), 191. (London, 1990), 191.

65 . Shirer, . Shirer, Berlin Diary Berlin Diary, 355, 358 (19-20 July 1940).

66 . Walb, . Walb, Ich, die Alte Ich, die Alte, 185 (17 June 1940).

67 . Domarus (ed.), . Domarus (ed.), Hitler Hitler, III. 2,062 (19 July 1940), Kershaw, Hitler Hitler, II. 301-8. For the idea that a separate peace would have saved the British Empire, see John Charmley, Churchill: The End of Glory: A Political Biography Churchill: The End of Glory: A Political Biography (London, 1993), 422-32. (London, 1993), 422-32.

68 . Karl Klee, . Karl Klee, Das Unternehmen 'Seel*we': Die geplante deutsche Landung in England 1940 Das Unternehmen 'Seel*we': Die geplante deutsche Landung in England 1940 (G*ttingen, 1958); idem, (G*ttingen, 1958); idem, Dokumente zum Unternehmen 'Seel*we': Die geplante deutsche Landung in England 1940 Dokumente zum Unternehmen 'Seel*we': Die geplante deutsche Landung in England 1940 (G*ttingen, 1959), both arguing that the problem was caused by lack of advance planning. (G*ttingen, 1959), both arguing that the problem was caused by lack of advance planning.

69 . Walter Schellenberg, . Walter Schellenberg, Invasion 1940: The Nazi Invasion Plan for Britain Invasion 1940: The Nazi Invasion Plan for Britain (London, 2000), esp. 1-114 ('Gestapo Handbook'). (London, 2000), esp. 1-114 ('Gestapo Handbook').

70 . Richard J. Overy, . Richard J. Overy, The Battle The Battle (London, 2000), 60-63. (London, 2000), 60-63.

71 . Ibid., esp. 161-2. . Ibid., esp. 161-2.

72 . Ibid., 53-4, 80. . Ibid., 53-4, 80.

73 . Tooze, . Tooze, The Wages of Destruction The Wages of Destruction, 249-50, 400-401.

74 . Shirer, . Shirer, Berlin Diary Berlin Diary, 377 (17 August 1940).

75 . Ulrich Steinhilfer and Peter Osborne, . Ulrich Steinhilfer and Peter Osborne, Spitfire on My Tail: A View from the Other Side Spitfire on My Tail: A View from the Other Side (Bromley, 1989), 279 (19 August 1940). (Bromley, 1989), 279 (19 August 1940).

76 . Ibid., 289 (31 August). The original expression was . Ibid., 289 (31 August). The original expression was Horridoh! Horridoh!

77 . Domarus (ed.), . Domarus (ed.), Hitler Hitler, III. 2,086 (4 September 1940).

78 . Ibid., 2,072 (1 August 1940, Directive no. 17); for the contrary view, see Kershaw, . Ibid., 2,072 (1 August 1940, Directive no. 17); for the contrary view, see Kershaw, Hitler Hitler, II. 309; good discussion in Horst Boog, 'The Strategic Air War in Europe and Air Defence of the Reich', in GSWW GSWW VII. 9-458, at 357-67. VII. 9-458, at 357-67.

79 . Overy, . Overy, The Battle The Battle, 90-96; Klaus A. Maier, 'The Battle of Britain', in GSWW GSWW II. 374-407. II. 374-407.

80 . Overy, . Overy, The Battle The Battle, 90-96; Alfred Price, Blitz on Britain Blitz on Britain (Shepperton, 1977); Tooze, (Shepperton, 1977); Tooze, The Wages of Destruction The Wages of Destruction, 447-8.

81 . Steinhilfer and Osborne, . Steinhilfer and Osborne, Spitfire Spitfire, 295 (17 September 1940).

82 . Ibid., 319 (letter to father, 19 October 1940). . Ibid., 319 (letter to father, 19 October 1940).

83 . Halder, . Halder, Kriegstagebuch Kriegstagebuch, II. 128 (7 October 1940).

84 . Ibid., 99 (14 September 1940). . Ibid., 99 (14 September 1940).

85 . Walb, . Walb, Ich, die Alte Ich, die Alte, 197 (10 September 1940).

86 . F. Harry Hinsley, . F. Harry Hinsley, British Intelligence in the Second World War British Intelligence in the Second World War (5 vols., London, 1979-90),I. 316-18, 523-48. (5 vols., London, 1979-90),I. 316-18, 523-48.

87 . Walb, . Walb, Ich, die Alte Ich, die Alte, 200 (3 October 1940).

88 . Meier-Welcker, . Meier-Welcker, Aufzeichnungen Aufzeichnungen, 101 (31 December 1940).

89 . Overy, . Overy, The Battle The Battle, 97-135.

90 . Quoted in Paul Preston, . Quoted in Paul Preston, Franco: A Biography Franco: A Biography (London, 1993), 397-8. (London, 1993), 397-8.

91 . Kershaw, . Kershaw, Hitler Hitler, II. 329-30; Paul Preston, 'Franco and Hitler: The Myth of Hendaye 1940', Contemporary European History Contemporary European History, 1 (1992), 1-16;idem, Franco Franco, 399.

92 . Richard Bosworth, . Richard Bosworth, Mussolini's Italy: Life under the Dictatorship 1915-1945 Mussolini's Italy: Life under the Dictatorship 1915-1945 (London, 2005), 415-20. (London, 2005), 415-20.

93 . Denis Mack Smith, . Denis Mack Smith, Mussolini Mussolini (London, 1983 [1981]), 269-91; Umbreit, 'The Battle', 304-13. (London, 1983 [1981]), 269-91; Umbreit, 'The Battle', 304-13.

94 . Kershaw, . Kershaw, Hitler Hitler, II. 331.

95 . Detlef Vogel, 'German Intervention in the Balkans', in . Detlef Vogel, 'German Intervention in the Balkans', in GSWW GSWW III. 451-55; Gerhard Schreiber, 'Germany, Italy and South-east Europe: From Political and Economic Hegemony to Military Aggression', ibid., 305-448 (statistics on 448); Smith, III. 451-55; Gerhard Schreiber, 'Germany, Italy and South-east Europe: From Political and Economic Hegemony to Military Aggression', ibid., 305-448 (statistics on 448); Smith, Mussolini Mussolini, 298- 302; Martin Clark, Modern Italy 1871-1982 Modern Italy 1871-1982 (Harlow, 1984), 285-8. (Harlow, 1984), 285-8.

96 . Dear (ed.), . Dear (ed.), The Oxford Companion to World War II The Oxford Companion to World War II, 148-9; Smith, Mussolini Mussolini, 308.

97 . Clark, . Clark, Modern Italy Modern Italy, 286.

98 . Smith, . Smith, Mussolini Mussolini, 310-11; Dear (ed.), The Oxford Companion to World War II The Oxford Companion to World War II, 245-7.