180 . Roseman, . Roseman, The Wannsee Conference The Wannsee Conference, 136-40.

181 . Longerich, . Longerich, Politik Politik, 476-82; Tooze, The Wages of Destruction The Wages of Destruction, 531-3.

182 . Eichmann trial, 26 June 1961, 24 July 1961, quoted in Roseman, . Eichmann trial, 26 June 1961, 24 July 1961, quoted in Roseman, The Wannsee Conference The Wannsee Conference, 144. For the view that the reference to road construction schemes was metaphorical, standing for slave labour of all kinds, see Friedl*nder, The Years of Extermination The Years of Extermination , 342. , 342.

183 Roseman, Roseman, The Wannsee Conference The Wannsee Conference, 136-40.

184 Ibid., 144-5, 148. Ibid., 144-5, 148.

185 Ibid., 149-50. Ibid., 149-50.

186 . Longerich, . Longerich, Der ungeschriebene Befehl Der ungeschriebene Befehl, 143 - 8.

187 Domarus (ed.), Domarus (ed.), Hitler Hitler, IV. 1,828-9 (30 January 1942).

188 Jochmann (ed.), Jochmann (ed.), Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler, 227-9.

189 Longerich, Longerich, Der ungeschriebene Befehl Der ungeschriebene Befehl, 138-42.

190 Fr*hlich (ed.), Fr*hlich (ed.), Die Tageb*cher Die Tageb*cher, II/III. 320-21 (15 February 1942).

191 . Ibid. II/III. 561 (27 March 1942). . Ibid. II/III. 561 (27 March 1942).

192 . Ibid. . Ibid.

193 . Domarus (ed.), . Domarus (ed.), Hitler Hitler, IV. 1,869.

194 Fr*hlich (ed.), Fr*hlich (ed.), Die Tageb*cher Die Tageb*cher, II/IV. 184 (27 April 1942). For the so-called 'Schlegelberger Note', an undated memorandum reporting Hitler's repeated insistence to Lammers that the Jewish problem would only be solved after the war, see Evans, Telling Lies Telling Lies, 89-94. If, as the document's place in the file suggests, the memorandum dated from the spring of 1942, then it either referred to the specific problem of 'mixed-race' people and 'half-Jews' or it expressed Hitler's belief that the completion of the 'final solution' would only occur after the end of the war, an event which at this time was still expected within the year.

195 . Quoted in Herf, . Quoted in Herf, The Jewish Enemy The Jewish Enemy, 155.

196 Fr*hlich (ed.), Fr*hlich (ed.), Die Tageb*cher Die Tageb*cher, II/IV. 350 (24 May 1942).

197 . Ibid., 355. . Ibid., 355.

198 . Ibid., 406 (30 May 1942). . Ibid., 406 (30 May 1942).

199 Roseman, Roseman, The Wannsee Conference The Wannsee Conference, 152-5.

200 . Quoted in Berenstein . Quoted in Berenstein et al et al. (eds.), Faschismus Faschismus, 296; cf. also Evans, Telling Lies Telling Lies, 96.

201 . Wolf Gruner, . Wolf Gruner, Widerstand in der Rosenstrasse: Die Fabrik-Aktion und die Verfolgung der Mischehen 1943 Widerstand in der Rosenstrasse: Die Fabrik-Aktion und die Verfolgung der Mischehen 1943 (Frankfurt am Main, 2005); idem, 'Die Fabrik-Aktion und die Ereignisse in der Berliner Rosenstrasse: Fakten und Fiktionen um den 27. Februar 1943', (Frankfurt am Main, 2005); idem, 'Die Fabrik-Aktion und die Ereignisse in der Berliner Rosenstrasse: Fakten und Fiktionen um den 27. Februar 1943', Jahrbuch f*r Antisemitismusforschung Jahrbuch f*r Antisemitismusforschung, 11 (2002), 137-77. For the legend in its classical version, see Nathan Stoltzfus, Resistance of the Heart: Intermarriage and the Rosenstrasse Protest in Nazi Germany Resistance of the Heart: Intermarriage and the Rosenstrasse Protest in Nazi Germany (New York, 1996), 209-58 (relying heavily on oral history interviews). (New York, 1996), 209-58 (relying heavily on oral history interviews).

202 Jochen Klepper, Jochen Klepper, Unter dem Schatten deiner Fl*gel: Aus den Tageb*chern der Jahre 1932-1942 Unter dem Schatten deiner Fl*gel: Aus den Tageb*chern der Jahre 1932-1942 (Stuttgart, 1955), 798 (3 September 1939); idem, (Stuttgart, 1955), 798 (3 September 1939); idem, Briefwechsel 1925-1942 Briefwechsel 1925-1942 (ed. Ernst G. Riemschneider, Stuttgart, 1973), 227-30 (exchange of letters with Frick). (ed. Ernst G. Riemschneider, Stuttgart, 1973), 227-30 (exchange of letters with Frick).

203 . Quoted in Klepper, . Quoted in Klepper, Unter dem Schatten Unter dem Schatten, 1,130 (8 December 1942).

204 Ibid., 1,130-31 (8 December 1942). Ibid., 1,130-31 (8 December 1942).

205 . Ibid., 1,133 (10 December 1942). . Ibid., 1,133 (10 December 1942).

206 . Christian Goeschel, 'Suicide in Weimar and Nazi Germany' (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Cambridge, 2006), 135-59. . Christian Goeschel, 'Suicide in Weimar and Nazi Germany' (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Cambridge, 2006), 135-59.

207 Longerich, Longerich, Der ungeschriebene Befehl Der ungeschriebene Befehl, 151-2.

208 Ibid., 149-6, 170-73. For a list of the deportations, see idem, Ibid., 149-6, 170-73. For a list of the deportations, see idem, Politik Politik, 483-93.

209 H*hne, H*hne, The Order of the Death's Head The Order of the Death's Head, 455-6; Detlev Brandes, Die Tschechen unter deutschem Protektorat Die Tschechen unter deutschem Protektorat, I: Besatzungspolitik, Kollaboration und Widerstand im Protektorat B*hmen und M*hren bis Heydrichs Tod, 1939-1942 Besatzungspolitik, Kollaboration und Widerstand im Protektorat B*hmen und M*hren bis Heydrichs Tod, 1939-1942 (Munich, 1969); Miroslav K'rny, ' "Heydrichiaden": Widerstand und Terror im Protektorat B*hmen und M*hren', in Droulia and Fleischer (eds.), (Munich, 1969); Miroslav K'rny, ' "Heydrichiaden": Widerstand und Terror im Protektorat B*hmen und M*hren', in Droulia and Fleischer (eds.), Von Lidice bis Kalavryta Von Lidice bis Kalavryta, 51-63.

210 Charles Whiting, Charles Whiting, Heydrich: Henchman of Death Heydrich: Henchman of Death (London, 1999), 141-7. (London, 1999), 141-7.

211 H*hne, H*hne, The Order of the Death's Head The Order of the Death's Head, 455-7; Kershaw, Hitler Hitler, II. 518-19; still useful for details: Charles Wighton, Heydrich: Hitler's Most Evil Henchman Heydrich: Hitler's Most Evil Henchman (London, 1962), 270-76; recent account using testimony of the surgeons in Mario R. Dederichs, (London, 1962), 270-76; recent account using testimony of the surgeons in Mario R. Dederichs, Heydrich: Das Gesicht des B*sen Heydrich: Das Gesicht des B*sen (Munich, 2005), 185-212. (Munich, 2005), 185-212.

212 Cited in G*nther Deschner, 'Reinhard Heydrich: Security Technocrat', in Ronald Smelser and Rainer Zitelmann (eds.), Cited in G*nther Deschner, 'Reinhard Heydrich: Security Technocrat', in Ronald Smelser and Rainer Zitelmann (eds.), The Nazi Elite The Nazi Elite (London, 1993 [1989]), 85-97, at 87; idem, (London, 1993 [1989]), 85-97, at 87; idem, Reinhard Heydrich - Statthalter der totalen Macht Reinhard Heydrich - Statthalter der totalen Macht (Munich, 1978). (Munich, 1978).

213 . Hitler, . Hitler, Hitler's Table Talk Hitler's Table Talk, 4 June 1942.

214 H*hne, H*hne, The Order of the Death's Head The Order of the Death's Head, 149-50; Fest, The Face of the Third Reich The Face of the Third Reich, 152-70.

215 . As reported later by his widow; see ibid., 161. . As reported later by his widow; see ibid., 161.

216 Felix Kersten, Felix Kersten, The Kersten Memoirs 1940-1945 The Kersten Memoirs 1940-1945 (London, 1956), 90-99. (London, 1956), 90-99.

217 Carl J. Burckhardt, Carl J. Burckhardt, Meine Danziger Mission 1937-1939 Meine Danziger Mission 1937-1939 (Munich, 1960), 55. (Munich, 1960), 55.

218 . Ibid., 57. . Ibid., 57.

219 . Hitler, . Hitler, Hitler's Table Talk Hitler's Table Talk, 4 June 1942.

220 . Ibid., 4 July 1942. . Ibid., 4 July 1942.

221 J*rgen Tampke, J*rgen Tampke, Czech-German Relations and the Politics of Central Europe from Bohemia to the EU Czech-German Relations and the Politics of Central Europe from Bohemia to the EU (London, 2003), 67-9; Ren' Kupper, 'Karl Hermann Frank als Deutscher Staatsminister f*r B*hmen und M*hren', in Monika Glettler (London, 2003), 67-9; Ren' Kupper, 'Karl Hermann Frank als Deutscher Staatsminister f*r B*hmen und M*hren', in Monika Glettler et al et al. (eds.), Geteilt, Besetzt, Beherrscht: Die Tschechoslowakei 1938-1945: Reichsgau Sudetenland, Protektorat B*hmen und M*hren, Slowakei Geteilt, Besetzt, Beherrscht: Die Tschechoslowakei 1938-1945: Reichsgau Sudetenland, Protektorat B*hmen und M*hren, Slowakei (Essen, 2004), 31-52. (Essen, 2004), 31-52.

222 . Tooze, . Tooze, The Wages of Destruction The Wages of Destruction, 538-45. The importance of the food question was first highlighted in Christian Gerlach's Krieg, Ern*hrung, V*lkermord: Forschungen zur deutschen Vernichtungspolitik im Zweiten Weltkrieg Krieg, Ern*hrung, V*lkermord: Forschungen zur deutschen Vernichtungspolitik im Zweiten Weltkrieg (Hamburg, 1998). (Hamburg, 1998).

223 . Berenstein . Berenstein et al et al. (eds.), Faschismus Faschismus, 303.

224 . Longerich, . Longerich, Der ungeschriebene Befehl Der ungeschriebene Befehl, 168.

225 . Domarus (ed.), . Domarus (ed.), Hitler Hitler, IV. 1,920 (30 September 1942); on this occasion Hitler used the word Ausrottung Ausrottung rather than the usual rather than the usual Vernichtung Vernichtung.

226 Cited in Friedl*nder, Cited in Friedl*nder, The Years of Extermination The Years of Extermination, 403.

227 . Quoted in Herf, . Quoted in Herf, The Jewish Enemy The Jewish Enemy, 169.

228 . Domarus (ed.), . Domarus (ed.), Hitler Hitler IV. 1,937 (8 November 1942). IV. 1,937 (8 November 1942).

229 Helmut Heiber, Helmut Heiber, Goebbels-Reden Goebbels-Reden (2 vols., D*sseldorf, 1971-2). The version quoted in Jeremy Noakes (ed.), (2 vols., D*sseldorf, 1971-2). The version quoted in Jeremy Noakes (ed.), Nazism 1919-1945 Nazism 1919-1945, IV: The German Home Front in World War II: A Documentary Reader The German Home Front in World War II: A Documentary Reader (Exeter, 1998), 490-91, from the BBC radio monitoring service records shouts of 'Out with the Jews' from the audience after the last sentence. (Exeter, 1998), 490-91, from the BBC radio monitoring service records shouts of 'Out with the Jews' from the audience after the last sentence.

230 . Domarus (ed.), . Domarus (ed.), Hitler Hitler, IV. 1,991 (24 February 1943) and 2,001 (21 March 1943).

231 Frohlich (ed.), Frohlich (ed.), Die Tageb*cher Die Tageb*cher II/VIII. 287-90 (13 May 1943); see also Norman Cohn, II/VIII. 287-90 (13 May 1943); see also Norman Cohn, Warrant for Genocide: The Myth of the Jewish World-Conspiracy and the Protocols of the Elders of Zion Warrant for Genocide: The Myth of the Jewish World-Conspiracy and the Protocols of the Elders of Zion (London, 1967). (London, 1967).

232 . Quoted in Noakes (ed.), . Quoted in Noakes (ed.), Nazism Nazism, IV. 497.

233 Herf, Herf, The Jewish Enemy The Jewish Enemy, 281-7.

234 . This is the thesis of Herf, ibid. See also ibid., 183-230, for a survey of antisemitic propaganda in 1943. . This is the thesis of Herf, ibid. See also ibid., 183-230, for a survey of antisemitic propaganda in 1943.

235 Quoted in Longerich, Quoted in Longerich, Der ungeschriebene Befehl Der ungeschriebene Befehl, 181-2.

236 Arad, Arad, Belzec Belzec, 14-16.

237 Ibid., 16-22. Ibid., 16-22.

238 Gilbert, Gilbert, The Holocaust The Holocaust, 817; Arad, Belzec Belzec, 23-9, 68-74.

239 . Klukowski, . Klukowski, Diary Diary, 191 (8 April 1942); the reference to electricity was clearly based on false information.

240 Ibid., 192 (12-13 April 1942). Ibid., 192 (12-13 April 1942).

241 Ibid., 195-6 (8 May 1942). Ibid., 195-6 (8 May 1942).

242 . Ibid., 197 (9 May 1942). . Ibid., 197 (9 May 1942).

243 . Gitta Sereny, . Gitta Sereny, Into that Darkness: An Examination of Conscience Into that Darkness: An Examination of Conscience (London, 1977 [1974]), 111-12. (London, 1977 [1974]), 111-12.

244 Ibid., 21-55. Ibid., 21-55.

245 Arad, Arad, Belzec Belzec, 126-7.

246 Ibid., 30-37, 75-80. Ibid., 30-37, 75-80.

247 Ibid., 30-36, 49-53, 75-80, 128-30, 171-3. Ibid., 30-36, 49-53, 75-80, 128-30, 171-3.

248 Michael MacQueen, 'The Conversion of Looted Jewish Assets to Run the German War Machine', Michael MacQueen, 'The Conversion of Looted Jewish Assets to Run the German War Machine', Holocaust and Genocide Studies Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 18 (2004), 27-45; Bertrand Perz and Thomas Sandk*hler, 'Auschwitz und die "Aktion Reinhard" 1942-1945: Judenmord und Raubpraxis in neuer Sicht', Zeitgeschichte Zeitgeschichte, 26 (2000), 283-316.

249 Friedl*nder, Friedl*nder, The Years of Extermination The Years of Extermination, 498-9.

250 Berenstein Berenstein et al et al. (eds.), Faschismus Faschismus, 412-21.

251 Arad, Arad, Belzec Belzec, 165-9, 171, 306-41, 373-5.

252 Ibid., 37-43. Ibid., 37-43.

253 Ibid., 81-94; Sereny, Ibid., 81-94; Sereny, Into that Darkness Into that Darkness, 200-207.

254 Ibid., 200-207, 358; Arad, Ibid., 200-207, 358; Arad, Belzec Belzec, 89-99.

255 Ibid., 196-7. Ibid., 196-7.

256 . Ibid., 101. . Ibid., 101.

257 Ibid., 270-98; Sereny, Ibid., 270-98; Sereny, Into that Darkness Into that Darkness, 236-49.

258 Sereny, Sereny, Into that Darkness Into that Darkness, 248-9.

259 Arad, Arad, Belzec Belzec, 365-9.

260 Ibid., 170-78, 372-6; Sereny, Ibid., 170-78, 372-6; Sereny, Into that Darkness Into that Darkness, 249-50.

261 Arad, Arad, Belzec Belzec, 379-80.

262 . Peter Witte and Stephen Tyas, 'A New Document on the Deportation and Murder of Jews during "Einsatz Reinhard" 1942', . Peter Witte and Stephen Tyas, 'A New Document on the Deportation and Murder of Jews during "Einsatz Reinhard" 1942', Holocaust and Genocide Studies Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 15 (2001), 468-86.

263 Gerald Fleming, Gerald Fleming, Hitler and the Final Solution Hitler and the Final Solution (Oxford, 1986 [1982]), 135-9. According to Eichmann during his later interrogation, the abridged report, when returned to his office, bore a note from Himmler: 'Leader has taken note, destroy, H.H.'. (Oxford, 1986 [1982]), 135-9. According to Eichmann during his later interrogation, the abridged report, when returned to his office, bore a note from Himmler: 'Leader has taken note, destroy, H.H.'.

264 . Arad, . Arad, Belzec Belzec, 379.

265 . Sybille Steinbacher, . Sybille Steinbacher, Auschwitz: A History Auschwitz: A History (London, 2005 [2004]), 5-27; H*ss, (London, 2005 [2004]), 5-27; H*ss, Commandant of Auschwitz Commandant of Auschwitz, 116-19; Nilli Keren, 'The Family Camp', in Yisrael Gutman and Michael Berenbaum (eds.), Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp (Bloomington, Ind., 1994), 428-40. For a graphic memoir written by one of these prisoners, see Wieslaw Kielar, (Bloomington, Ind., 1994), 428-40. For a graphic memoir written by one of these prisoners, see Wieslaw Kielar, Anus Mundi: Five Years in Auschwitz Anus Mundi: Five Years in Auschwitz (London, 1982 [1972]). (London, 1982 [1972]).

266 . H*ss, . H*ss, Commandant of Auschwitz Commandant of Auschwitz, 231.

267 . Ibid., 134-9; Steinbacher, . Ibid., 134-9; Steinbacher, Auschwitz Auschwitz, 89-91.

268 . Tomasz Kranz, 'Das KL Lublin zwischen Planung und Realisierung', in Herbert . Tomasz Kranz, 'Das KL Lublin zwischen Planung und Realisierung', in Herbert et al et al. (eds.), Die nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager Die nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager, I. 363-89.

269 Longerich, Longerich, Der ungeschriebene Befehl Der ungeschriebene Befehl, 124-5; Steinbacher, Auschwitz Auschwitz, 77.

270 . Longerich, . Longerich, Politik Politik, 444 (and 704 n. 114, for the disputed timing of these experiments).

271 Friedl*nder, Friedl*nder, The Years of Extermination The Years of Extermination, 236, 717 n. 147; H*ss, Commandant of Auschwitz Commandant of Auschwitz, 164.

272 Longerich, Longerich, Der ungeschriebene Befehl Der ungeschriebene Befehl, 124; Steinbacher, Auschwitz Auschwitz, 87-9.

273 H*ss, H*ss, Commandant of Auschwitz Commandant of Auschwitz, 169.

274 H*ss, H*ss, Commandant of Auschwitz Commandant of Auschwitz, 169.

275 Ibid., 166-7. Ibid., 166-7.

276 . Longerich, . Longerich, Der ungeschriebene Befehl Der ungeschriebene Befehl, 124-5; Jamie McCarthy et al et al., 'The Ruins of the Gas Chambers: A Forensic Investigation of Crematoriums at Auschwitz I and Auschwitz-Birkenau', Holocaust and Genocide Studies Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 18 (2004), 68-103. Michael Thad Allen, 'Not Just a "Dating Game": Origins of the Holocaust at Auschwitz in the Light of Witness Testimony', German History German History, 25 (2007), 162-91, argues persuasively that Crematorium II was designed from the start as a gas chamber in accordance with directives from Himmler in Berlin, criticizing arguments that the crematoria were only converted to gas chambers at a later date: see Robert Jan Van Pelt, 'A Site in Search of a Mission', in Gutman and Berenbaum (eds.), Anatomy Anatomy, 93-156; and Sybille Steinbacher, 'Musterstadt' Auschwitz: Germanisierungspolitik und Judenmord in Ostoberschlesien 'Musterstadt' Auschwitz: Germanisierungspolitik und Judenmord in Ostoberschlesien (Munich, 2000), 78. (Munich, 2000), 78.

277 Steinbacher, Steinbacher, Auschwitz Auschwitz, 96-105.

278 Ibid., 119-21. Ibid., 119-21.

279 Ibid., 105-7; H*ss, Ibid., 105-7; H*ss, Commandant of Auschwitz Commandant of Auschwitz, 211, 235.