=Seneca Indians.= One of the tribes of the Iroquois confederacy. They dwelt chiefly in the region of the Seneca and Canandaigua lakes, and extended westwards to Genesee River. During the American Revolution they espoused the British cause. There are now some hundreds living in Grand River Reservation, Ontario. =Index=: =F= Show quarrelsome temper, 143; attack Illinois, 144; enraged by murder of a chieftain on territory of Ottawas, 145; accept terms of peace, 146; attack canoes of French traders, 181; Denonville's expedition against, 207-214. =Ch= One of the five tribes or nations, 50; murder four delegates sent to Five Nations, 164. _See also_ Iroquois. =Bib.=: Charlevoix, _History of New France_; Hodge, _Handbook of American Indians_.

=Senezergues, De.= =WM= Brigadier, commands battalion of La Sarre Regiment, 12; commands regular troops, 105; mortally wounded, 199; carried on board British vessel, 222.

=Separate Schools, Manitoba.= =C= The question used as a test of provincial power, 61-62; rights of Roman Catholics safeguarded, 1871, 71; overthrown by Legislature, 72; judgment of provincial courts reversed by Supreme Court, 72. =Bib.=: Ewart, _Manitoba School Question_; Wade, _Manitoba School Question_; Willison, _Sir Wilfrid Laurier and the Liberal Party_. For further references, _see_ _Lit. Am.

Hist._, pp. 438-439.

=Separate Schools, New Brunswick.= =C= Public opinion aroused in Quebec, 73; Costigan and other Roman Catholic members from New Brunswick demand disallowance of bill against, 73-74; Macdonald and Cartier oppose disallowance, 74-76; question becomes an issue in Quebec elections, 76; opinion of law officers in England obtained, 76; opinion adverse to Roman Catholics, 77; Costigan again demands disallowance, 77; compromise effected, 77-78; in Parliament, 131. =Md= Bill pa.s.sed in 1871, 194; takes away government support from separate schools, 194; Roman Catholics pet.i.tion for its disallowance, 194, 285; compromise effected, 194-195.

=Separate Schools, North-West Territories.= =B= Provision for, opposed by George Brown--he warns the Senate that effect would be to fasten them on the West forever, 249.

=Separate Schools, Nova Scotia.= =Md= Refused to Roman Catholics, 116.

=Separate Schools, Upper Canada.= =B= Opposed by George Brown, 121; a compromise arranged, 122-123; bill introduced by R. W. Scott, 144; Ryerson's support of bill, 144; adopted by government and becomes law, 144-145; attacked by _Globe_, but finally accepted by George Brown, 145.

=Md= Claimed by Roman Catholics and conceded after years of controversy, 82. =Bib.=: Hodgins, _History of Separate Schools in Upper Canada_.

=Servants.= =S= Scarcity of, in Upper Canada, 182.

=Seven Nations.= =Hd= Their fighting force an uncertain quant.i.ty, 126.

=Seven Oaks.= =MS= Conflict between Hudson's Bay Company men and North West Company men, June 19, 1816, 180; Governor Semple shot, 181; Alexander Ross on, 184; Joseph Ta.s.se on, 184; Sergeant Huerter on, 183; printed evidence, 199. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Manitoba_ and _Romantic History of Lord Selkirk's Colonists_; Laut, _Conquest of the Great North-West_.

=Sevigne, Marie de Rabutin-Chantel= (1627-1696). =F= Her son-in-law a candidate for governorship of Canada, 65; describes severities exercised on peasants in revolt in France, 150.

=Seward, William Henry= (1801-1872). Governor of New York, 1838; appointed secretary of state by Lincoln, 1860. =Index=: =N= Suggests Canadian agent at Washington to confer on Reciprocity Treaty, 192; tells Galt that treaty could not be renewed, 193. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Sewell, Jonathan= (1766-1839). Born at Cambridge, Ma.s.s. Educated at Bristol, England. In 1785 studied law in New Brunswick under Ward Chipman; in 1789 called to the bar of Lower Canada and practised in Quebec. Appointed solicitor-general, 1793, and attorney-general, 1795.

In 1808 chief-justice of Lower Canada, and held the position until 1838; also president of the Executive Council from 1808 to 1829, and Speaker of the Legislative Council from 1809 to 1838. The dispute as to boundaries, between the Dominion government and the province of Ontario, was afterwards settled on the basis of his decision of 1818. Introduced, in 1809, into the procedure of the courts, certain rules of practice which for some years met with strong opposition. In 1814 went to England to meet the charges made against him in this regard, and his conduct upheld. Received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Harvard. =Index=: =P= Papineau describes him as "a vain creature," 55; fills dual positions of president of Executive Council and chief-justice, 59. =B= Chief-justice, his part in movement for Confederation, 129. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel.

Can._; Taylor, _Brit. Am._; Christie, _History of Lower Canada_.

=Seymour, Frederick.= Succeeded Sir James Douglas as governor of British Columbia, and arrived in the colony, April, 1864. Had previously been governor of British Honduras. On the union of Vancouver Island and British Columbia in 1866 became governor of the united colonies. In the spring of 1869 visited several Indian tribes on the coast; taken ill, and died at Bella Bella, June 10, 1869. =Index=: =Md= Governor of British Columbia, death of, 149. =Bib.=: Begg, _History of British Columbia_.

=Shaw, Major-General aeneas.= =Bk= Stationed on frontier between Kingston and Cornwall, 195. =S= Member of Legislative Council, 79, 98.

=Shaw, Helen.= =Md= Wife of Hugh Macdonald, and mother of Sir John A.

Macdonald, 1; her strong character, 2.

=Shea, Sir Ambrose= (1818-1905). Born at St. John's, Newfoundland.

Entered Newfoundland a.s.sembly, 1850; Speaker, 1855-1861; member of government, 1864-1869; governor of the Bahamas, 1887-1895. =Index=: =T= Represents Newfoundland at Quebec Conference, 77. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can.

Men_.

=Sheaffe, Sir Roger Hale= (1763-1851). Born in Boston, Ma.s.s. Entered the army, 1778; served in Ireland and Holland; stationed in Canada, 1802-1811, and 1812-1813. Commanded the British, forces at Queenston Heights after the death of Brock. Administered the government of Upper Canada, 1812-1813. Created a baronet, 1813; raised to the rank of lieutenant-general, 1821; general, 1828. =Index=: =Bk= Present at battle of Egmont-op-Zee, 19; his severe discipline causes mutiny, 61-63; profits by experience, 74; appointed to staff, and sent to Upper Canada, 223; commands at battle of Queenston Heights after death of Brock, 309-312; his conduct at taking of York, 312. =S= Sent to protest against occupation by Americans at Sodus Bay, 137. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Read, _Lieutenant-Governors of Upper Canada_; Lucas, _Canadian War of 1812_.

=Shelburne.= A town on the south-west coast of the province of Nova Scotia; founded by United Empire Loyalists in 1783; first known as Port Roseway. For a few years after its foundation the town grew at an astonishing pace, and at one time "had a population larger than that of Quebec and Montreal combined," but the locality afforded none of the elements of permanent prosperity, and the bulk of the population drifted to other parts of the province. =Index=: =Hd= Town of, founded by Loyalists, 263. =Bib.=: Haliburton, _History of Nova Scotia_; Sabine, _American Loyalists_; Bourinot, _Builders of Nova Scotia_; Lovell, _Gazetteer of Canada_.

=Sheppard, George.= =B= Editorial writer on _Colonist_, joins staff of _Globe_, 135; speech against Confederation, 1859, 135-136; Brown's reply, 137.

=Sherbrooke.= A city in the Eastern Townships, Quebec, on the St.

Francis River, named after Sir John Coape Sherbrooke. Founded by David Moe and other pioneers, about the year 1800.

=Sherbrooke, Sir John Coape= (1760-1830). Born in Nottinghamshire, England. Entered the army; took part in the capture of Seringapatam, 1797; and served under Wellington in the Peninsular War, 1809. Appointed lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia in 1811; and governor of Canada, 1816-1818. =Index=: =B= Quiet rule of, 39. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Christie, _History of Lower Canada_.

=Sherwood, Henry= (1807-1855). Represented Toronto in Legislative a.s.sembly, 1841-1854; member of Executive Council and solicitor-general, 1842 and 1844-1846; attorney-general for Upper Canada, 1847-1848.

=Index=: =BL= Called to the Cabinet, 118; becomes solicitor-general for Upper Canada, 121; his appointment an obstacle to La Fontaine's acceptance of office, 125; solicitor-general for Upper Canada, 247; elected in 1844, 252; resigns, 266; becomes attorney-general for Upper Canada, 276; elected in 1848, 279. =E= Becomes head of ministry under Elgin, 43; defeat of his Cabinet, 50; his opposition to Rebellion Losses Bill, 68; proposes division of Clergy Reserves, in 1844, 159. =Md= Succeeds Draper in leadership of party, 28. =Bib.=: Dent, _Last Forty Years_.

=Sherwood, Captain Justus.= =Hd= Commissioner for exchange of prisoners with Vermont, 202; confers with Ira Allen, 204; applies for lands in Eastern Townships, 267.

=Sherwood, Levins Peters= (1777-1850). Born in St. John's, Lower Canada.

Removed to Upper Canada; studied law and called to the bar, 1803.

Elected to the a.s.sembly for Leeds, 1821; Speaker of the a.s.sembly, 1822; Speaker of the Legislative Council, 1841. Appointed judge of the Court of King's Bench, 1825. =Index=: =Sy= Retires with pension, 252. =Mc= Quarrels with Judge Willis, 131-133. =Bib.=: Read, _Lives of the Judges_.

=Shirley, William= (1693-1771). Born in Preston, England. Called to the English bar; removed to Boston, where he practised his profession.

Governor of Ma.s.sachusetts, 1741-1745; planned the successful expedition against Louisbourg. Resided in England, 1745-1753. One of the commissioners at Paris to settle the boundaries of Nova Scotia, 1750.

Again appointed governor of Ma.s.sachusetts, 1753; commander-in-chief of the British forces in North America. Lieutenant-general, 1759; afterwards governor of the Bahama Islands. Returned to Ma.s.sachusetts, 1770, and resided at Roxbury until his death. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._; Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_; Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_.

=Sh.o.r.e.= =W= Resigns from New Brunswick government, 72, 116.

=Short, Judge.= =E= Member of Seigniorial Court, 187.

=Short Administration.= =Md= Formed by George Brown, 85; lasted less than forty-eight hours, 85.

=Short Hills Affair.= =Mc= Mackenzie's connection with, 440.

=Shortt, Adam= (1859- ). Born at Kilworth, Ontario. Educated at Queen's University, and at Edinburgh and Glasgow. Appointed a.s.sistant professor of philosophy at Queen's University, 1885; lecturer in political science, 1889; professor of political science, 1892. In 1908 became a member of the Historical Ma.n.u.script Commission; and civil service commissioner the same year. =Index=: =BL= On Baldwin's Munic.i.p.al Corporation Act, 1849, 296. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Sicotte, Louis Victor= (1812-1889). Born in St. Famille, Boucherville, Quebec. Studied law, and called to the bar of Lower Canada, 1838.

Entered public life, 1852, as member for St. Hyacinthe. Elected Speaker of the a.s.sembly, 1854, and held the office until 1857; appointed to the Executive Council as commissioner of crown lands, 1853; and held the same office, 1857-1858; chief commissioner of public works, 1858; attorney-general, 1862-1863. In the latter year appointed a judge of the Superior Court, retiring 1887. =Index=: =E= Declines seat in Hincks-Morin ministry, 126; proposes secularization of Clergy Reserves, 126-127; elected Speaker, 1854, 135-136. =C= A follower of Cartier, 24; forms Macdonald-Sicotte administration, 24. =Md= Leader of moderate Reformers, forms ministry with Sandfield Macdonald, 89. =Bib.=: Rose, _Cyc. Can. Biog._; Dent, _Last Forty Years_.

=Sifton, Arthur L.= (1858- ). Educated at Victoria University; called to the bar, 1883. Removed to the North-West Territories and elected to the Legislature, 1891; held office as treasurer and commissioner of public works; appointed chief-justice of the North-West Territories; chief-justice of Alberta, 1905; premier of Alberta, 1910. =Bib.=: _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Sifton, Clifford= (1861- ). Educated at Victoria University. Removed to Manitoba and called to the bar of that province, 1882. Elected to the Manitoba a.s.sembly, 1888; attorney-general and minister of education, 1891; elected to the House of Commons for Brandon, 1896; minister of the interior in the Laurier administration, 1896; resigned, 1905; agent of British government before Alaska Boundary Commission, 1903; chairman of Dominion Commission on the Conservation of Natural Resources, 1909.

=Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Sillery.= Village on the north side of the St. Lawrence, four miles above Quebec. It was originally founded by Noel Brulart de Sillery in 1637 as a settlement for Christian Indians. =Index=: =WM= Vaudreuil orders fifty men to be posted at, 162; post at, captured, 183. =L= Settlement of Christian Indians at, 74. =Bib.=: Charlevoix, _History of New France_; Lovell, _Gazetteer of Canada_.

=Simcoe.= A lake situated between Lake Ontario and Georgian Bay; named after Governor Simcoe's father. It was discovered by Champlain in 1615, and was within the field of the famous Huron Mission of the Jesuit fathers. La Salle crossed the lake in 1680, on his way west to the Mississippi; and the following year dated one of his letters from the long portage between Toronto and Simcoe. =Index=: =S= Formerly Lac aux Claies, 207; present name given by Simcoe, 207.

=Simcoe, Frank.= =S= Son of Governor Simcoe, killed in storming of Badajoz, 179, 222.

=Simcoe, John= (1714-1759). Entered the navy and promoted captain, 1743; served on the court martial of Admiral Byng, 1756-1757. Commanded H. M.

S. _Pembroke_ at Quebec, 1759, and killed in action. =Index=: =S= Father of John Graves Simcoe, 15; sails with Admiral Saunders for Quebec, 16; his death, 16; story of his previous imprisonment at Quebec not authenticated, 16; his antic.i.p.ation of the future greatness of Canada, 17; Lake Simcoe named after, 207. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._

=Simcoe, John Graves= (1752-1806). =S= Speaks in House of Commons on Const.i.tutional Act, 7, 8; birth and family, 15; death of his father, 16; educated at Eton and Oxford, 17; obtains commission as ensign, 18; ordered to America, 18; obtains command of Queen's Rangers, 19, 22; proposes to enlist Boston Negroes, 19; sails with Howe for Halifax, 20; promoted to captaincy, and sails for New York, 20; wounded in action, 22; major in command of Queen's Rangers, 22; his _Military Journal_, 23; improves organization of his corps, 24; his intense devotion to British cause, 25; promoted to be lieutenant-colonel in America, 25; with a few men disperses considerable body of rebel militia, 26-29; wounded, 27; goes into winter quarters at Oyster Bay, Long Island, 30; operations with right column of army, 30; taken prisoner, 30; released, 31; makes plan to carry off Washington, 32; attached to expedition to Virginia under Benedict Arnold, 33; captures enemy's stores, 34; defeats superior force of the enemy at Spencer's Ordinary, 35; health impaired, 36; after surrender of Cornwallis, sails for England on parole, 37; promoted to be lieutenant-colonel, 39; recruits his health at home in Devonshire, 40; his marriage, 40; released from parole, 41; poetical gifts, 41-43; elected to Parliament, 44; speech on impeachment of Warren Hastings, 44; appointed to governorship of Upper Canada, 45; correspondence with Grenville and Dundas upon Upper Canada matters, 45, 46; desires appointment of a bishop, 46; sails for Canada in _Triton_, 47; brings out various commissions, 47; delay in swearing in, 48; sworn in, 49, 79; arrives in Upper Canada and proceeds to Niagara, 50; his eagerness to welcome Loyalist emigrants, 56; favours aristocracy, 69, 70, 197; his proclamation on the subject of persons ent.i.tled to special distinction as Loyalists, 71; his estimate of the Indians, 75; issues proclamation announcing county divisions, 80; opens first session of Legislature, 82; his speech from the throne, 83; deals with marriage question in Upper Canada, 86-88; strongly supports bill to prevent introduction of slaves into Upper Canada, 90; his speech on closing of fifth session, 95; his satisfactory relations with Legislature, 97; detects "republicanism" in some members of the Legislative Council, 97; changes his opinion, 98; goes to England on leave of absence, 99; his advice regarding Benedict Arnold's application for a grant of land in Upper Canada, 104; receives grant of 5000 acres of land as colonel of Queen's Rangers, 104; endeavours to check abuses of fur trade, 106; desires to promote trade between Upper Canada and the United States, 107; his endeavours to a.s.sist the farming community, 110, 198; his scheme to provide currency for the province, 111, 112; his apprehension of war with United States, 117-132, 144; sends his secretary to confer with British minister at Philadelphia, 117; his estimate of Brant's motives, 125, 126; his difficulties with the Indian department, 126-128; loved and respected by Indians, 128; moves to York, 129; his relations with Lord Dorchester strained, 130-132; correspondence with Dundas exhibits petulance, 130, 131; antic.i.p.ating war, sends Major Littlehales to consult British minister, 134, 144; receives proposition from Spanish governor of Louisiana, 134, 136; despatch from Lord Dorchester leads him to fortify post at rapids of Maine, 136, 210; returns to Niagara, 136; protests against occupation by Americans at Sodus Bay, 137; his despatch to the Duke of Portland explaining his proceedings, 143-144; his conviction of loyalty of Upper Canada militia, 151; his opinion of Washington, 153; believes in a church establishment for Upper Canada, 155; his influence in the framing of the Const.i.tutional Act, 156; a soldier, not a statesman, 157; desires appointment of a bishop and offers portion of his salary to meet the expense, 158; his scorn of dissent, 160; his opposition to repeal of Marriage Act, 161; prefers Roman Catholics as instructors for Indians, 166; his efforts in cause of education, 166-170; desires establishment of university, 168; and of grammar schools, 169; his admonitions to the king's printer, 174; donations to Agricultural Society of Upper Canada, 175; his social influence, 180; entertains Prince Edward, 183, 184; also United States commissioners to the Indians, 184-186, 203; entertains the Duke de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, 187, 214; receives visit from Alexander Mackenzie, the explorer, 188; changes name of Niagara to Newark, 195; appoints lieutenants for the more populous counties, 197; defends measure against criticism of secretary of state, 198; makes official tour through western Canada, 198-201; visits Detroit and examines the fort, 200; impressed by site of present city of London, and proposes to make it the capital of the province, 200; begins a military road (Dundas Street) from Burlington Bay to the Thames, 201; surveys Toronto harbour, 202; hears of declaration of war with France, 203; changes name of Toronto to York, 203; decides to spend winter of 1793-1794 there, 204; brings over his "canvas house" from Niagara, 204; his plans for the defence of province, 204, 205; these not approved by Lord Dorchester, 206; goes north to Georgian Bay and examines harbour of Penetanguishene, 207; makes road north from York, and names it Yonge Street, 207; renames Lac aux Claies, "Lake Simcoe," 207; his antic.i.p.ation that road to the west by Lake Simcoe would supersede that by the Ottawa, 208; spends winter of 1794-1795 at Kingston, 211; spends summer of 1795 at Niagara, 214; moves government to York (1796), 215; plans new government buildings, 215; applies for leave of absence on account of ill health, 216; leave granted with flattering terms of approval, 216; leaves York, July, 1796, but does not sail from Quebec till November, 217; does not return to Canada, 217; offered governorship of Lower Canada, 218; sent to St. Domingo to quell insurrection, 219; retires on account of ill health, 219; placed in command at Plymouth, 220; appointed commander-in-chief in India, 220; sent instead to Portugal on important diplomatic and military mission, 220, 221; ill health compels his return to England, 221; his death, 222; monument to his memory erected by county of Devon, 222; his great desire to establish the British const.i.tution in Canada, 223; hardships of his life, 224; his hostility to the United States, 224, 225; his military genius, 225; the king's opinion of his military service, 226; his ideas for Upper Canada, 227; founder of the Upper Canada bureaucracy, 227; did not allow for forces at work in a new country, 228; too little control of his temper in controversy, 228; his courtesy and high-mindedness, 229, 230; Pitt's appreciation of his integrity, 231; his lofty aims, 232. =Dr= Raises and leads Queen's Rangers, 202; appointed first governor of Upper Canada, 258; appointment not agreeable to Dorchester, 259; arrival of, 270; his character and opinions, 271; builds fort on Miami River, 284; relations with Dorchester, 293; situation in Upper Canada, 294; his service in Revolutionary War, 295; colonel of Queen's Rangers, 295; disposed to overlook Dorchester, 296; sustained by home government, 297; his opinion that towns might best grow about military posts, 302. =B= Favours close relations of church and state, 52. =E= On the system of colonial government in Upper Canada in 1792, 18. =R= His educational policy, 35; favours an established church, 47; plans endowment of a university and grammar schools, 51-53; the university question, 133. =Bk= Entertains distinguished guests at Navy Hall, 57. =BL= On the new const.i.tution, 7; his phrase that the const.i.tution of Upper Canada was "the very image and transcript of that of Great Britain," 58; his plans for higher education, 105-106, 191. =Mc= Lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada, his views on the Const.i.tutional Act, 54. =Bib.=: _Journal of Operations of the Queen's Rangers_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Dent, _Can.

Por._; _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Read, _Life of Simcoe_.

=Simcoe, Mrs.= Wife of preceding. =Index=: =S= Centre of society at Niagara, 179; receives present of a horse, 181; spends winter of 1794-1795 at Quebec, 213.

=Simonds, Charles.= =W= Delegate to England to represent New Brunswick grievances, 24; member of Rump government, 101. =T= Elected for St. John County, 10; elected Speaker, 18; protests against defection of Wilmot and Gray, 24; re-elected Speaker, 41. =Bib.=: Hannay, _History of New Brunswick_.

=Simpson, Sir George= (1792-1860). =MS= His influence, 8; sent to Athabaska, 1820, 215, 231-232; his character and appearance, 215; his account of the Athabaska district, 216; his executive ability, 217-218; an autocrat, 226; love of pomp and show, 232; his voyage from York Factory to Fort Vancouver, 1828, 232; McDonald's narrative, 232; at Norway House, 233-236; at Fort Chipewyan, 236; crosses the mountains by way of Peace River, 237; in New Caledonia, 237-238; descends Fraser River, 238; reaches Fort Vancouver, 239; his return, 239; headquarters at Lachine, 241; influence in Canadian affairs, 241; knighted, 1839, for his services in furthering exploration, and his strong support of the government in 1837, 243; influence of his opposition to Papineau, on Red River affairs, 244-245; appoints Adam Thom as recorder of Red River, 245; his visits to Fort Garry, 247; relations to the local clergy, 247-248; his journey round the world, 249; his narrative, 249; its authorship, 249; leaves London, March 3, 1841, 250; at Montreal, and ascends the Ottawa, crosses Georgian Bay, and Lake Superior to Fort William, 250-251; at Fort Garry, 251; crosses the plains to Edmonton House, 252; at Fort Vancouver, 253; voyage to Sitka and return, 253; visits California, the Sandwich Islands, and Sitka again, 255-256; crosses Siberia, 257-259; reaches London, 260; his letters to James Hargrave, 261; his marriage, 262; life at Red River, 263-266; opposition to liquor traffic among the Indians, 267; dislike for John Tod, 268-269; method of appointment of high officers, 269; gives evidence before parliamentary committee, 272; his views on agriculture, 273-277; defends Hudson's Bay Company, 272-278; his death, 1860, at Lachine, 279; John McLean's opinion of, 279-280; his management of Hudson's Bay Company's affairs, 280, =D= Expedition on behalf of Hudson's Bay Company, 51; visits New Caledonia in 1828, 109; received by James Douglas at Fort St.