=Bathurst, Henry, third Earl= (1762-1834). Succeeded to the t.i.tle, 1794.

Entered Parliament, 1793; president of the board of trade, 1807; foreign secretary, 1809; and secretary for war and the colonies, 1812. Directed Britain's colonial policy during the important administrations of Prevost, Sherbrooke, and Dalhousie, in Lower Canada, and of Gore and Maitland, in Upper Canada. Lord president of the Council, 1828-1830; one of the original members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, 1833. =Index=: =Sy= Colonial secretary, his despatch on Clergy Reserves question, 240. =Bk= His despatch praising Brock and his officers and announcing bestowal of K. C. B. on Brock, 296. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat.

Biog._; _Courts and Cabinets of George IV_.

=Batiscan.= =Ch= Montagnais chief, 68.

=Batoche.= =Md= Storming of rebel camps at, 242. _See also_ Riel Rebellion, 1885.

=Battle of the Plains.= _See_ Quebec, Siege of, 1759.

=Battleford.= A town on the North Saskatchewan, at the mouth of the Battle River. In the Rebellion of 1885, it was threatened by Poundmaker's warriors, and relieved by Otter's column. The battle of Cut Knife Creek was fought about thirty-five miles from Battleford. _See also_ Riel Rebellion, 1885.

=Bay of Quinte.= _See_ Quinte, Bay of.

=Bayfield, Henry Wolsey= (1795-1885). Born in Hull, England. Entered the navy, 1806. Had a distinguished career in the navy, and served in Canadian waters, 1814. Subsequently a.s.sisted in the survey of the upper St. Lawrence, and appointed Admiralty surveyor, 1817. During his tenure of office surveyed Lakes Erie, Huron, and Superior, with their connecting waters, and almost the whole eastern coast of Canada, including Labrador. Made vice-admiral, 1856, and admiral, 1867. Resided for fourteen years in Quebec, when he removed to Charlottetown. Received the thanks of the Parliament of Canada for his services, 1854. Died in Charlottetown.

=Baynes, Edward.= Born in England. Served in the West Indies, at the Cape, in the East Indies, and in Malta. From 1794 to 1806 aide-de-camp to Sir James Craig, and in 1807 adjutant-general of the forces in Canada. In the War of 1812 served on the Niagara frontier. Died, 1829.

=Index=: =Bk= Adjutant-general, writes Brock from Quebec, 134, 136, 137, 138, 145; his opinion of the Lower Canada a.s.sembly, 145; notifies Brock that he may have service in Spain, 180; letter to Brock in immediate expectation of war, 205; letter on declaration of war, 208; on improvement in militia, 284. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Beaconsfield, Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of= (1805-1881). British statesman. =Index=: =BL= On Rebellion Losses Bill, 327, 328, 330.

=Bib.=: _Speeches and Letters_; O'Connor, _Life of Beaconsfield_; Monypenny, _The Life of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield_; _Dict.

Nat. Biog._

=Bayning, Charles Townshend, first Baron= (1728-1810). =Dr= His criticism of Quebec Act, 66, 67. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Bayonne Decree.= =Bk= Made by Napoleon; sequestered all American vessels arriving in France as British property or under British protection, 122.

=Bearn Regiment.= Established 1595, and served with distinction in a number of European campaigns. Landed at Quebec, June, 1755, with the regiment of Guienne and a portion of the Languedoc battalion, and added to its laurels at Fort Frontenac, Niagara, Oswego, Carillon, Fort William Henry, and Ticonderoga. In 1759, on the Plains of Abraham, it occupied the place of honour, having been placed by Montcalm in the centre of his line. =Index=: =WM= Regular French troops, 29; in battle of the Plains, 192; in battle of Ste. Foy, 258. =Bib.=: Doughty, _Siege of Quebec_; Wood, _The Fight for Canada_.

=Beauchesne.= =Ch= Clerk, received gifts from Indians, 115.

=Beaucour, de.= =F= Brave conduct of, in command of party against Iroquois, 319; superintends improvements in fortifications of Quebec, 326.

=Beaudoncourt, Jacques de.= =L= On the brandy question, 39; his account of escape of Gannentaha mission, 66.

=Beauharnois, Charles, Marquis de= (1670-1749). Entered French navy, 1686, and rose to the rank of admiral in 1748. In 1726 appointed governor of New France, which position he held until 1747. Took a deep interest in Western exploration, and was a firm friend of La Verendrye.

=Bib.=: Parkman, _Half Century of Conflict_; Roy, _Intendants de la Nouvelle-France_ (R. S. C., 1903).

[Ill.u.s.tration: Monument to Laura Secord, Lundy's Lane]

=Beauharnois, Francois de= (1665-1746). Born in France. Became intendant of New France in 1702 and held the position until 1705. In 1707 granted the barony of Beauville. Appointed intendant de l'armee navale, 1706; intendant of marines, 1710; intendant generale des armees navales, 1739. =Bib.=: Roy, _Intendants de la Nouvelle-France_ (R. S.

C., 1903).

=Beaumont.= A village in Bellecha.s.se County, on the St. Lawrence.

=Index=: =WM= Troops landed at, 100; proclamation affixed to church door, 101.

=Beauport.= A village two miles below Quebec. =Index=: =WM= Defended by entrenched camp, 80; headquarters of intendant and commissary of stores, 88; hasty abandonment of camp at, with all its stores, 228.

=Beaupre, Seigniory of.= =L= Acquired for Seminary of Quebec, 58; chapels and churches erected to Ste. Anne at, 101, 102; pilgrimages to, 102, 103.

=Beausejour.= A fort built by the French in 1750-1751, on Chignecto Bay, three miles from the British Fort Lawrence. A little tidal stream, the Missaguash, ran between--nominally marking the dividing line between British and French territory. The fort was captured by the British under Monckton, in 1755, and renamed Fort c.u.mberland. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_; Bradley, _Fight with France_; Hannay, _History of Acadia_; Murdoch, _History of Nova Scotia_: Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia; Selections from the Public Doc.u.ments of Nova Scotia_, ed. by Akins.

=Beaver.= =D= First steamship on the Pacific, 1835, 47; carries party to build Fort Camosun (Victoria), 178; north to Forts Taku and McLoughlin, 178; returns to Victoria, 179; to Fort Vancouver, 180; history of ship, 180-181. =Bib.=: McCain, _History of the S.S. Beaver_.

=Beaver Club.= Founded in Montreal in 1775 by the partners of the North West Company. It opened with nineteen members, and at one time the registry showed ninety-three members, with eleven honorary members.

Among them were such famous fur traders and explorers as Alexander Mackenzie and his cousin Roderick, the three Frobishers, Alexander Henry and his nephew of the same name, Simon McTavish, James Finlay, Simon Fraser, John Stuart, and David Thompson. The motto of the club was "Fort.i.tude in Difficulties." No one was admitted who had not made a journey to the North-West and wintered there. The club entertained many distinguished guests, including Sir John Franklin, Lord Selkirk, Washington Irving, and the Earl of Dalhousie. The club was disbanded in 1824 after the union of the North West and Hudson's Bay Companies. An effort to revive it in 1827 proved unsuccessful. =Index=: =MS= Founded by the partners of the North West Company, 139; lavish hospitality and boisterous banquets, 139. =Bk= Famous social club at Montreal, 99.

=Bib.=: Hetherington, _Canada's First Social Club_, in _Univ. Mag._, April, 1910.

=Beaver Dam, Battle of.= In War of 1812. FitzGibbon commanded a detachment of the 49th Regiment, with several hundred Indians.

Boerstler, with a party of 600 men, advanced from Fort George by way of Queenston to surprise him, but was ambushed by a body of Indians.

FitzGibbon, who had been warned of the approach of Boerstler by Laura Secord, advanced with his men of the 49th and demanded the surrender of the Americans, who, believing themselves surrounded by a superior force, capitulated. The engagement took place June 24, 1813. _See also_ War of 1812. =Bib.=: Lucas, _Canadian War of 1812_; Hannay, _War of 1812_: FitzGibbon, _A Veteran of 1812_; Curzon, _Laura Secord, the Heroine of 1812_: Cruikshank, _The Fight in the Beechwoods_; Thompson, _Jubilee History of Thorold_.

=Beckwith, John A.= =T= Confederate candidate in York, 108.

=Becquet, Romain.= =L= Clerk of Ecclesiastical Court, arrested, 163.

=Bedard, Elzear.= For some years a member of the a.s.sembly of Lower Canada. Moved the celebrated Ninety-Two Resolutions, 1837. Puisne judge of the Court of Queen's Bench, 1837; suspended, but afterwards reinstated. Died, 1849. =Index=: =P= Moves the Ninety-Two Resolutions, 117; deserts Papineau, 117; appointed judge by Gosford, 117. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Christie, _History of Lower Canada_.

=Bedard, Pierre Stanislas= (1762-1829). Educated at the Seminary of Quebec; studied law, and appointed advocate, 1790. Elected for Northumberland to the first Legislature of Lower Canada, 1792. In 1806, with a number of other French-Canadians in the a.s.sembly, founded _Le Canadien_, to represent the views of the popular party. In 1810 the paper seized, and Bedard and his a.s.sociates arrested on a charge of treasonable practices. Released the following year. In 1812 appointed judge of the District Court of Three Rivers. Retired in 1829 on account of ill health. =Index=: =P= Leader of French-Canadians in Lower Canada a.s.sembly, 27; opposes property tax, 27; establishes _Le Canadien_, 28; considered by Sir James Craig a dangerous revolutionist, 28; sent to jail, 29; released and charges withdrawn, 29; moves resolution as to ministerial responsibility, 96. =C= Claims liberty of the press, 95; sent to jail, 95; released, 96; asks for ministerial responsibility, 96.

=Bk= Arrested, 127; demands trial, 128; released, 145. =Bib.=: Parent, _Pierre Bedard et Ses Deux Fils_ in _Journal d'Instruction Publique, 1859_; Christie, _History of Lower Canada_; De Gaspe, _Memoires_; Dionne, _Pierre Bedard et Ses Fils_; Dionne, _Pierre Bedard et Son Temps_ (R. S. C., 1898).

=Bedard, Dr. William=. =T= Life-long friend of Sir Leonard Tilley, 145.

=Beer, Henry= (1835-1886). Born in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island.

Elected to the a.s.sembly, 1870; a member of the ministry, 1872; Speaker of the a.s.sembly, 1877; mayor of Charlottetown, 1885-1886.

=Begbie, Sir Matthew Baillie= (1819-1894). Educated at Cambridge; and called to the English bar in 1844. Judge of the colony of British Columbia and judge of the Vice-admiralty Court, 1858-1870. Chief-justice of British Columbia, 1870-1894, and also judge of the Admiralty district of British Columbia, 1891-1894. Knighted, 1875. =Index=: =D= First judge in British Columbia--arrives November, 1858, 239; born in Edinburgh, 1819, 239; succeeds to chief-justiceship of British Columbia and Vancouver Island, 239; his services to the colony, 239; his notable journey, 1859, to Upper Fraser, 254; his character, 255. =Bib.=: Begg, _History of British Columbia_; Nicolls, _Sir Matthew Baillie Begbie_.

=Begon, Michel, Sieur de la Picardiere= (1674-1740). Filled the office of inspector-general of marines, in France, 1707-1710. In the latter year appointed intendant of Canada, but did not arrive in Quebec until 1712. Returned to France, 1726, and for some years acted as intendant of justice in Normandy. =Bib=.: Roy, _Intendants de la Nouvelle-France_ (R.

S. C., 1903).

=Belcher, Jonathan= (1711-1776). Second son of Governor Belcher of Ma.s.sachusetts. Educated at Harvard University, Cambridge, and in England; called to the English bar. Appointed chief-justice of Nova Scotia, 1754. President of the Council of Nova Scotia and administrator of the government, 1760. Chiefly instrumental in securing for Nova Scotia a representative a.s.sembly. =Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_.

=Belcour, De.= =WM= Brings promise of supplies to Ramezay, 227.

=Belette.= =Dr= Captain of armed boat, a.s.sists Carleton's escape at Sorel, 113.

=Bell, Dr.= =W= Conducts Madras system of schools in New Brunswick, 86.

=Bell, Alexander Graham= (1847- ). Born in Edinburgh, Scotland. Educated at Edinburgh University and London University; came to Canada in 1870.

Professor of physiology in Boston University, 1872. Patented his invention of the telephone, 1876; and has also invented the photophone, induction balance, telephone probe, and graphophone. In 1898 appointed regent of the Smithsonian Inst.i.tution. In 1909-1910 engaged in aeroplane experiments. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Who's Who_, 1910; _Addresses before Canadian Club of Ottawa_, 1910.

=Bell, Hugh.= =H= Member of Uniacke administration, Nova Scotia, 1848, 110.

=Bell-Smith, Frederic Marlett= (1846- ). Born in London, England.

Educated there, and came to Canada, 1866. Founder and first president of the Canadian Society of Artists, Montreal, 1867; director of Alma College 1881; member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts, 1888; director of the Toronto Art School, 1889-1891. President of the Ontario Society of Artists. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Belleau, Sir Narcisse= (1808-1894). Born in the city of Quebec and educated there. In 1852 a member of the Legislative Council, and in 1857-1862 Speaker. Mayor of Quebec, 1860, when King Edward VII, as Prince of Wales, visited Canada, and knighted on the occasion. In 1862 appointed minister of agriculture in the Cartier-Macdonald ministry; and in 1865 premier and receiver-general in a coalition government.

Appointed lieutenant-governor of the province of Quebec, 1867; resigned in 1873. =Index=: =B= Succeeds Sir E. P. Tache as t.i.tular head of coalition government--proposed by J. A. Macdonald, and accepted by George Brown, 191; Macdonald the virtual leader of government, 191. =C= His connection with British North America Act, 102-103.. =Md= Nominal head of government, 1865, 123. =Bib.=: Rose, _Cyc. Can. Biog._; Taylor, _Brit. Am._; Dent, _Last Forty Years_.