Irish Draught.Saddle & light draft. 19th century breed.

Shire.Heavy draft, possibly a warhorse. Old breed (pre 15th century) whose size may have increased in the 18th century.

Suffolk Punch.Heavy draft. Old breed (13th century).

Hungary Gidran.Saddle horse. 19th century breed.

Nonius.Draft, carriage, & saddle horse. 9th century, originally a draft horse, lightened for riding in the 19th century.

Kisber Felver.Saddle horse. 19th century breed.

s.h.a.gya.Saddle horse. 18th & 19th century breed.

Iceland: Icelandic, aka Islenzki hesturinn, Icelandic toelter horse, Iceland Tolter.Saddle & light draft.

Very ancient breed. Closely related to the Norwegian Fjord horse.

Italy: Haflinger.Saddle & light work horse. Old breed.

Italian Heavy Draft.Draft horse. Late 19th century breed.

Murgese.Light draft & saddle horse. The breed origins are unclear.

Lithuania: Lithuanian Heavy Draft.Draft horse. Breed origins are unclear.

Zhemaichu, aka Zhmudka.Saddle, pack, & draft horse. There are 16th century references to the breed.

Netherlands: Dutch Draft Horse.Draft horse. Modern breed (20th century).

Dutch Warmblood.Sport horse, saddle horse. Modern breed (20th century).

Friesian.Saddle & carriage horse. Ancient breed, stud farms date back to 12th century.

Gelderland.Saddle & carriage horse. 17th century breed.

Groningen. Draft & carriage horse. Old breed? Origins are unclear.

Norway: The Dole Gudbrandsday, aka Dolehest, Gudbrandsdahl.Small draft horse, saddle horse. Old breed.

Norwegian Fjord Horse. Small saddle & light draft horse, Viking warhorse. Ancient, bred in Norway for 2,000 years.

Nordland.Pony, light draft, saddle. Origins unclear, probably ancient.

Poland: Hucul, aka Carpathian pony.Saddle & light draft. Old to ancient breed with the earliest written records from 1606.

Konik.Small saddle, pack, and light draft horse. Ancient breed later updated with Arabian blood.

Polish Draft.There are five different types of draft horses, all called Polish Draft, bred in different regions for different purposes. The five main types are the Lowicz, the Sztum, the Sololka, the Gravolin and the Lidzbark. The origins are unclear.

Malopolski.Light saddle and draft horse. Modern (20th century).

Arabian.Saddle horse. Ancient breed, brought to Poland throughout the Middle Ages.

Portugal: Lusitano (see Andalusian).Warhorse. Very ancient breed, mentioned by the Romans.

Russia: Alti.Saddle horse. Ancient mountain horse breed.

Bashkir.Light draft and utility horse. Origins unclear but definitely old.

Byelorussian Harness.Draft & harness. Origin not clear, apparently modern (19th century).

Budenny (aka Budyonny, Budonny or Budennovsky).Saddle horse. Modern (20th century).

Don Horse.Saddle horse & cavalry horse. Developed by the Cossacks in the 16th and 17th centuries.

Kabarda.Saddle horse. Origins unclear.

Karabair.Saddle horse from the steppes. Date of origin unclear. Probably very old.

Karabakh.Saddle horse from Azerbaijan. Ancient mountain horse.

Kazakh.Saddle horses from the steppes. Ancient breed (5th century B.C.).

Kustanai, aka Kustanaiskaya.Saddle horse from Kazakhstan. Modern (19th century).

Orlov Trotter.Light harness horse with great endurance. Modern (18th century).

Russian Heavy Draft.Heavy draft horse. Modern (19th century).

Russian Saddle Horse (Orlov-Rostopchin Horse).Saddle horse. Modern (19th & 20th centuries) descendant of the Orlov saddle horse.

Russian Trakehner.Saddle horse. Stud farms established in the 13th century by the Order of Teutonic Knights. From 18th century on Arabian and English Thoroughbred blood was added.

Russian Trotter.Trotting horse. Modern (19th century).

Tersky & Strelesky.Light cavalry horse. Modern (19th century).

Vladimir.Heavy draft horse. Modern (19th century).

Vyatka (aka Vyatskata).Saddle, pack, light draft horse. Old (14th century).

Spain: Andalusian, aka "Spanish Horse," in Portugal known as Lusitano.Saddle & warhorse. Very ancient breed known to the Romans. TheCarthusian (aka Carthusian-Andalusian) is a side branch of the Andalusian.

Astrurian, aka Asturcon.Small saddle horse, pacers or amblers. Ancient breed-Pliny mentions them.

Galiceno. Small saddle & harness horse. Ancient breed.

Losino. Small saddle & harness horse.Ancient breed.

Pottok, aka Basque, Vasca (Spanish).Small saddle, pack, & light draft horse. Origins unclear, may be ancient.

Sorraia, aka Marismeno.Prehistoric breed, wild horse in Spain, foundation stock for many European saddle breeds.

Spanish Barb.Saddle horse, warhorse. Ancient breed.

Tiger, aka Spanish Jennet, Caballo Tigre.Saddle horse. Ancient breed, very popular in Europe from 15th through the 18th centuries, an ambler.

Sweden: Gotland, aka Skogsruss, Russ, Gotlandsruss, Skogsbaggar, Skogshast.Small saddle, light draft horse/pony. Records exist from the 13th century.

North Swedish horse.Draft horse, carriage horse, cavalry horse. Old breed.

Swedish Warmblood.Saddle horse; original was 12-14 hh, bred up in size from 16th century.

Switzerland: Freiberger, aka Swiss mountain horse.Saddle, pack, light harness. 19th century breed?

Ukraine: Russian Heavy Horse, aka Russian Heavy Draft horse-see above.

Turkmenistan: Akhal-Teke.Saddle horse, warhorse. Ancient breed.

Iomud, aka Iomudskaya (Russian), Yamud (Iran).Saddle horse. Ancient breed

Web sites for further reading: Good site with descriptions of breeds and pictures-some descriptions are spotty. International Museum of the Horse-breeds of Europe. Provides good descriptions and photos.All the descriptions above are based on my interpretation of the information available. Anyone with further information on any of the above mentioned breeds or breeds I've left out is welcome to E-mail me at Karen Bergstralh IMAGES.In this section of theGrantville Gazette, I'll be providing some images of major historical figures relevant to the various stories in the 1632 universe, along with commentary.There are a large number of the images for the Grantville Gazette. Because this makes the ebook unreasonably large the images are being stored on the Internet for those who want to access them. You may download them from: Baen Free Library - http://www.baen.com/library/1011250006/1011250006.htm Eric Flint THE END.