POWELL CALLED SCHWARZKOPF Ibid., 48586; Powell with Persico, My American Journey, 521.
THE HUNDRED-HOUR MARK AWT, 486. On reflection, Scowcroft thought the hundred-hour decision "too cute by half." (Ibid.) BUSH SPOKE TO THE NATION "Address to the Nation on the Suspension of Allied Offensive Combat Operations in the Persian Gulf," February 27, 1991, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George Bush, 1991, 18788.
BARBARA HAD BEEN SCHEDULED BPB diary, March 1991.
THE IRAQIS LOST Stewart, War in the Persian Gulf, 63, 67.
EIGHTY-NINE PERCENT OF AMERICANS WP, March 6, 1991; www.gallup.com/poll/116677/presidential-approval-ratings-gallup-historical-statistics-trends.aspx. See also Naftali, GHWB, 131.
IN A SERIES OF TELEPHONE CALLS GHWB diary, February 27, 1991.
(MAJOR, A TORY, HAD BECOME) NYT, November 28, 1990.
POWELL AND CHENEY HAD JUST GHWB diary, February 27, 1991.
"IT'S JUST DAWNING ON ME" Ibid.
"I WISH I COULD FREEZE" BPB diary, March 2, 1991.
"I KNOW THAT" GHWB diary, February 28, 1991.
BY FAILING TO FORCE SADDAM Author interview with GHWB.
(BUSH HAD NOT INSISTED) Ibid. See also AWT, 48990.
"IT HASN'T BEEN CLEAN" GHWB diary, February 28, 1991.
BUSH HAD ENCOURAGED IRAQIS TO RISE UP AWT, 472. See also Naftali, GHWB, 12829.
WHEN SHIITES AND KURDS AWT, 48890.
"[OZAL] WANTS TO HUMILIATE SADDAM" GHWB diary, February 28, 1991.
"THE BASIC THING" Ibid.
"I'M SO LUCKY" Ibid.
"CONFESSION: I WISH" Ibid., February 27, 1991.
ALAN GREENSPAN HAD ANNOUNCED Wicker, GHWB, 167.
"THE RECESSION BEGAN" Patterson, Restless Giant, 247.
"IT WAS THE FIRST Ibid.
UNEMPLOYMENT, PARTICULARLY AMONG Ibid.
"WHATEVER THE CAUSES" Ibid.
"THE EUPHORIA IS UP THERE" GHWB diary, March 18, 1991.
FORTY-TWO: I'm Just Not Sure I Want to Run Again SOON WE'LL HAVE TO START GHWB diary, April 10, 1991.
"NOTHING EXCEPT A BATTLE LOST" Christopher Hibbert, Wellington: A Personal History (New York, 1999), 185. This quotation is also an epigraph for Rick Atkinson's Crusade.
TO THE J. W. MARRIOTT HOTEL "Remarks at a Meeting of the American Society of Association Executives," February 27, 1991, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George Bush, 1991, 18487.
THE PRESIDENT USED THE FEW MOMENTS GHWB diary, February 28, 1991.
TO THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ASSOCIATION EXECUTIVES "Remarks at a Meeting of the American Society of Association Executives," February 27, 1991, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George Bush, 1991, 18487.
"YOU DON'T EXPECT ME" GHWB diary, February 28, 1991.
"IT FELL FLAT" Ibid., February 27, 1991.
"FRANKLY QUITE EMBARRASSING" Ibid., February 28, 1991.
"THE BALL WILL SHIFT" Ibid., February 27, 1991.
A "DOMESTIC STORM" Darman, Who's in Control?, 290. See also Quayle, Standing Firm, 245.
"TRY THIS ON" GHWB diary, March 12, 1991.
"[I'D] CALL A PRESS CONFERENCE" Ibid., March 13, 1991.
YOU NEED SOMEONE Ibid.
AT A RALLY FOR RETURNING TROOPS "Remarks at the Community Welcome for Returning Troops in Sumter, South Carolina," March 17, 1991, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George Bush, 1991, 280.
BUSH DRANK TWO MARTINIS GHWB diary, March 17, 1991.
"I'M NOT IN A GOOD FRAME OF MIND" Ibid.
"MY WHOLE POINT IS" Ibid.
"IT'S NOT THAT I'M BIGGER" Ibid., March 18, 1991.
"THE COMMON WISDOM" Ibid.
"I LOVE THE JOB" Ibid., April 22, 1991.
"WE'RE STILL GETTING POUNDED" Ibid.
ON SATURDAY, MAY 4, 1991 Ibid., May 4, 1991; Naftali, GHWB, 13031.
ON THE RUN THROUGH THE MARYLAND WOODS GHWB diary, May 4, 1991; Naftali, GHWB, 130; LSY, 49091.
TWICE HAD TROUBLE RUNNING Andrew Rosenthal, "Treatment Could Require Brief Anesthesia," NYT, May 6, 1991.
(ONCE, AT FORT MCNAIR) Ibid.
HE HAD ALSO LOST SEVERAL POUNDS Lawrence K. Altman, "In Strange Twist, Bush Is Suffering from Same Gland Disease as Wife," NYT, May 10, 1991.
HIS PANTING ON THE PATHS Andrew Rosenthal, "Treatment Could Require Brief Anesthesia," NYT, May 6, 1991.
UNSURE WHAT WAS HAPPENING GHWB diary, May 4, 1991.
HE SOLDIERED ON Ibid.
"THE SAME TIRED FEELING" Ibid.
AN EKG CONDUCTED BY DR. MICHAEL NASH NYT, May 7, 1991.
NASH'S FINDING Ibid. See also Naftali, GHWB, 130; LSY, 490.
"YOU'RE GOING TO HAVE TO GO" GHWB diary, May 4, 1991.
BUSH'S FIRST THOUGHT Ibid.
WITHIN MINUTES THE BUSHES Ibid.; Maureen Dowd, "Bush Suffers Shortness of Breath During a Jog and Is Hospitalized," NYT, May 5, 1991.
BARBARA LOOKED WORRIED GHWB diary, May 4, 1991.
THE DOCTORS AT THE HOSPITAL Ibid., May 5, 1991.
AT SEVEN THIRTY P.M. HE AND QUAYLE Maureen Dowd, "Bush Suffers Shortness of Breath During a Jog and Is Hospitalized," NYT, May 5, 1991.
"THERE ARE NO INDICATIONS" Ibid.; Ann Devroy and Dan Balz, "Bush Hospitalized with Irregular Heartbeat," WP, May 5, 1991.
BUSH WAS RESTLESS Andrew Rosenthal, "Treatment Could Require Brief Anesthesia," NYT, May 6, 1991.
"THE PROBLEM WITH ALL OF THIS" GHWB diary, May 5, 1991.
HIS DOCTORS TOLD HIM Ibid.; Andrew Rosenthal, "Treatment Could Require Brief Anesthesia," NYT, May 6, 1991.
"SHE'S A LITTLE MORE WORRIED" GHWB diary, May 5, 1991.
I JUST CAN'T BELIEVE Ibid.
WITH THE DAWN CAME GOOD NEWS Ibid., May 67, 1991.
("I CAME TO THE OFFICE") Ibid., May 7, 1991.
"BACK TO WORK" Andrew Rosenthal, "Doctors Decide Shock Remedy Not Needed," NYT, May 7, 1991.
BUSH WAS SUFFERING FROM GRAVES' DISEASE Lawrence K. Altman, "In Strange Twist, Bush Is Suffering from Same Gland Disease as Wife," NYT, May 10, 1991; WP, May 10, 1991. I am also indebted to Dr. Lawrence C. Mohr, who served Bush as a White House physician, for his recollections and guidance.
"AN OVERACTIVE THYROID" Lawrence K. Altman, "How an Overactive Thyroid Affects Health," NYT, May 8, 1991.
HE WOULD HAVE TO FORGO ALCOHOL Lawrence K. Altman, "Bush Begins Tests to Treat Thyroid That Disrupted Heart Rhythm," NYT, May 9, 1991.
BARBARA TOLD REPORTERS Andrew Rosenthal, "Doctors Decide Shock Remedy Not Needed," NYT, May 7, 1991.
(FOR A TIME, DIGOXIN, WARFARIN, AND PROCAINAMIDE) Author interviews with Dr. Burton Lee and Dr. Lawrence C. Mohr. Lee, as chief White House physician, was in charge of the president's care; Mohr was the senior military doctor on the White House staff.
THE ACCEPTED COURSE OF ACTION Ibid.
BUSH'S DOCTORS INTRODUCED MEDICATION Ibid.
(BY SEPTEMBER 1991 THE PRESIDENT WAS TAKING ONLY) Ibid.
"IT WAS A DIFFICULT BALANCING ACT" Author interview with Dr. Burton Lee. "On all the tests post-radioactive iodine therapy, he was numerically in the normal range for thyroid function, but from my point of view as his doctor, clinically treating him, there remained the possibility that he was still clinically hypothyroid. In my mind there remains a question about whether he was adequately 'replaced' or not, despite multiple consultations with outside thyroid experts around the country." (Ibid.) FOR THE MOST PART, BUSH'S DOCTORS KEPT THE PRESIDENT'S THYROID CONDITION IN CHECK Ibid. The president was regularly found to be in the normal range on two tests: one for levels of thyroid hormone, the other for thyroid stimulating hormone, or TSH. (Ibid.) CONTRIBUTED TO HIS FAILURE TO ENGAGE VIGOROUSLY Fitzwater, Call the Briefing!, 29395; also numerous author interviews.
"TO THOSE OF US" Fitzwater, Call the Briefing!, 293.
THE DAY THE PRESIDENT RETURNED NYT, May 8, 1991.
"TOO MANY OF THE PEOPLE" Ibid.
JUST AFTER NINE THIRTY "Remarks at a Memorial Service in Arlington, Virginia, for Those Who Died in the Persian Gulf," Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George Bush, 1991, 62627.
"DWIGHT EISENHOWER ONCE SPOKE" Ibid., 626.
FLANKED BY BAKER, CHENEY, BANDAR C-SPAN video of GHWB's remarks and the memorial service at www.c-span.org/video/?18424-1/desert-storm-memorial-service.
BUSH'S VOICE BROKE Ibid.
BUSH FELT HE COULD NOT GHWB diary, June 10, 1991; C-SPAN video of GHWB's remarks.
"IT WAS SO SAD" GHWB diary, June 10, 1991.
BUSH HAD NOTED A SONGBIRD C-SPAN video of GHWB's remarks.
THE LARGEST MILITARY CELEBRATION NYT, June 9, 1991.
THERE ON CONSTITUTION AVENUE Ibid.; WP, June 10, 1991.
BY THE TIME THE SUN HAD SET LAT, June 9, 1991.
"GREAT DAY" Ibid.
"I FIRMLY BELIEVE" GHWB diary, July 7, 1991.
WATCHING FROM THE WHITE HOUSE Ibid.
AS FOR GORE HIMSELF Ibid.
THE CREATION OF A NORTH AMERICAN FREE-TRADE ZONE Baker with DeFrank, Politics of Diplomacy, 6049. See also George de Lama, "Bush Asks Hemisphere-Wide Free Trade," Chicago Tribune, June 28, 1990.