AS HE WENT TO BED GHWB diary, January 12, 1991.
"THE BIG BURDEN" Ibid.
"I NOW HAVE" Ibid., January 13, 1991.
"I DO THINK THAT WORLD WAR II" Ibid.
"IT IS MY DECISION" Ibid.
FOR "A HUNDRED GENERATIONS" "Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the Persian Gulf Crisis and the Federal Budget Deficit," September 11, 1990, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George Bush, 1990, 1219.
"IT IS MY DECISION TO STAND" GHWB diary, January 13, 1991.
WATCHING ON THIS SUNDAY EVENING Ibid.
THE SON CRIED Ibid.
IN THE PRESIDENT'S MIND Ibid.
"I REMEMBERED JUST AS CLEARLY" Ibid.
"I HAVE A FEELING" Ibid., January 16, 1991.
READING DISTURBING PREDICTIONS BPB diary, January 5, 1991.
"I KNOW WHAT I AM DOING" Ibid.
UNABLE TO CONCENTRATE GHWB diary, January 14, 1991.
"TODAY IS ONE OF GREAT TENSION" Ibid.
"WAR, WAR, WAR" Ibid., January 15, 1991.
PROMPTING BUSH TO DIRECT DICK CHENEY Ibid.
GROWING UNCOMFORTABLE WITH Ibid.
HE TOOK THREE WALKS Ibid.
"PEOPLE KEEP COMING UP" Ibid., January 16, 1991.
FORTY-ONE: Nothing Like It Since Truman I HAVE NO FEAR GHWB diary, February 4, 1991.
IT'S GOING VERY WELL AWT, 480.
THE BUSHES DINED WITH BILLY GRAHAM GHWB diary, January 16, 1991.
BUSH HAD WRITTEN MUCH OF IT Ibid.
"TONIGHT, THE BATTLE HAS BEEN JOINED" "Address to the Nation Announcing Allied Military Action in the Persian Gulf," January 16, 1991, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George Bush, 1991, 4245.
AFTER A LARGELY SLEEPLESS NIGHT Ibid., January 17, 1991.
"MR. PRESIDENT, WE HAVE SENT" Cheney with Cheney, In My Time, 214.
AMONG THE SUCCESSES Richard Stewart, War in the Persian Gulf: Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, August 1990March 1991 (Washington, D.C., 2010), 29.
THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES WAS NOT SEEKING AWT, 48892. See also Naftali, GHWB, 123.
BUSH WAS SO INSISTENT Brent Scowcroft to GHWB, "Restoring Liberated Kuwait," February 8, 1991, Iraq-February 1991 (2), Working Files, Richard Haass Files, NSC.
"BEYOND THE GULF WAR" Policy paper, "Beyond the Gulf War," Iraq-February 1991 (2), Working Files, Richard Haass Files, NSC.
ONE OF "EUPHORIA" GHWB diary, January 17, 1991.
AFTER ATTENDING A SERVICE Ibid., January 1617, 1991.
THE CONGREGATION SANG Order of worship, Memorial Chapel, Fort Myer, Va., January 17, 1991, DF.
"WE MUST BE REALISTIC" Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George Bush, 1991, 48.
AS EVENING CAME IN WASHINGTON GHWB diary, January 17, 1991.
AT TEN AFTER EIGHT Ibid.
"NOW WE DON'T KNOW" Ibid.
"THERE'S ALL KINDS OF RUMORS" Ibid.; AWT, 453.
THERE WERE REPORTS Ibid.
"THE BIG PROBLEM IS" GHWB diary, January 17, 1991.
ON FRIDAY, JANUARY 18, 1991 "The President's News Conference on the Persian Gulf" Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George Bush, 1991, 48.
"[I] PUT ON THE HARDEST SALE" GHWB diary, January 18, 1991.
AT ONE THIRTY SATURDAY MORNING Ibid., January 19, 1991.
IN THE DARKNESS Ibid.
"THEY ARE GOING TO RETALIATE" Ibid.
YET SHAMIR AGAIN ACCEDED Ibid., AWT, 45556; Naftali, GHWB, 123.
DISPATCHED A HIGH-LEVEL TEAM AWT, 456; Naftali, GHWB, 123.
"WE OWN THE SKIES" GHWB diary, January 19, 1991.
THE CALLS THROUGH THE NIGHT Ibid.
"A MARVELOUS MADHOUSE" Ibid.
HE TOOK A CALL FROM HENRY KISSINGER Ibid.
"HOW ARE THE OVERNIGHTS?" Ibid., February 4, 1991.
ON SUNDAY, JANUARY 20, HE MUSED Ibid., January 20, 1991.
"AS I THINK ABOUT IT" Ibid.
"THE BEST THING" Ibid., January 17, 1991.
IN A CALL FROM CAMP DAVID GHWB, "Telephone Conversation with President Turgut Ozal of Turkey," Camp David, January 21, 1991, Presidential Telcon Files, Presidential Correspondence Files, BSC.
"IT WILL DEPEND" Ibid.
FELT A COLD GHWB diary, January 22, 1991.
"I COULD USE A WEEK" Ibid.
"I HAVE NO FEAR" Ibid., February 4, 1991.
"I KNOW THAT WE'LL" Ibid.
"A TARGET FOR REVENGE" Ibid., February 6, 1991.
THE KEY GATHERING OF THE DAY Ibid., February 11, 1991.
THE NEWS FROM THE FRONT Ibid., February 1112, 1991.
"THEY ARE VERY, VERY OPTIMISTIC" Ibid., February 11, 1991.
AS HE LISTENED TO HIS COMMANDERS Ibid., February 12, 1991.
"I HAVE NO QUALMS" Ibid., February 14, 1991.
ON SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 16 Ibid., February 17, 1991.
DISCUSSED THE QUESTION OF CASUALTIES Ibid., February 22, 1991; Cheney with Cheney, In My Time, 220.
"BETWEEN A THOUSAND" Cheney with Cheney, In My Time, 220.
SCOWCROFT SUGGESTED THAT GHWB diary, February 22, 1991.
AT MIDDAY ON FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 22 AWT, 475.
AT TEN P.M. ON SATURDAY "Address to the Nation Announcing Allied Military Ground Action in the Persian Gulf," February 23, 1991, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George Bush, 1991, 117.
"THE LIBERATION OF KUWAIT" Ibid.
"I WORRY ABOUT CHEMICAL WEAPONS" GHWB diary, February 23, 1991.
"WERE SADDAM HUSSEIN FOOLISH ENOUGH" Cheney with Cheney, In My Time, 22021.
"THE WARNING WAS QUITE SEVERE" Ibid.
CHENEY QUIETLY ASKED POWELL AND THE PENTAGON PLANNERS Author interview with Dick Cheney. Powell confirmed the episode. (Author interview with Colin Powell.) "TELL ME HOW MANY TACTICAL NUKES" Author interview with Dick Cheney.
"THAT WAS THE QUESTION" Ibid. "In the bowels of the building," Cheney recalled, "I could just guess they were saying, 'Oh my God, he's going to use a nuke.'" (Ibid.) "THE ANSWER WAS 'SEVENTEEN'" Ibid.
POWELL RECALLED THAT THE SPECULATIVE NUMBER Author interview with Colin Powell.
IF THE IRAQI TROOPS WERE THINLY SPREAD Ibid.
CHENEY DID NOT BRIEF BUSH Author interview with Dick Cheney.
"I WAS CURIOUS" Ibid.
THE GROUND OFFENSIVE BEGAN AWT, 47980.
"NORM SAYS IT'S" Ibid., 480. See also Cheney with Cheney, In My Time, 221.
CHENEY AND POWELL BRIEFED HIM AWT, 480; GHWB diary, February 24, 1991.
"I FELT MYSELF CHOKING UP" GHWB diary, February 24, 1991.
"IT'S GOING TO BE QUICKER" Ibid.
THE FORMAL MILITARY AND POLICY STRUCTURE AROUND THE PRESIDENT DID NOT RAISE THE ISSUE Author interviews with GHWB and Dan Quayle.
IN THE SAUNA AT THE HOUSE GYM GHWB diary, February 25, 1991.
"OUR PEOPLE WANT HIM GONE" Ibid.
"I FIRMLY BELIEVED" AWT, 464.
OUR STATED MISSION Ibid.
"NOBODY WANTS TO USE" GHWB diary, February 25, 1991. See also Naftali, GHWB, 12627.
"WE NEED A SURRENDER" Ibid., February 26, 1991.
"I'M NOT INTERESTED" Ibid., February 25, 1991.
TELEVISION IMAGES OF AWT, 485.
BUSH ASKED HIS COMMANDERS Ibid., 48586.