Destiny And Power - Destiny and Power Part 65
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Destiny and Power Part 65

"THE CHINESE LEADERSHIP" Baker with DeFrank, Politics of Diplomacy, 105.

FROM WALKER'S POINT GHWB diary, June 4, 1989.

AT EIGHT A.M. ON MONDAY Ibid., June 5, 1989.

"I WANTED A MEASURED RESPONSE" AWT, 89.

IN TERMS OF SANCTIONS Baker with DeFrank, Politics of Diplomacy, 105. See also AWT, 89.

BUSH WENT TO THE WHITE HOUSE BRIEFING ROOM AWT, 90. For Bush's notes in preparation for the June 8 press conference, see Press conference briefing notes, June 7 and 8, 1989: For the President-Action-James W. Cicconi, DF.

"WE HAD NO CHOICE" GHWB diary, June 10, 1989.

THE PRESIDENT ATTEMPTED TO TELEPHONE Ibid., June 8, 1989.

"I WAS A LITTLE PISSED OFF AT THAT" Ibid.

HE KNEW DENG Engel, ed., China Diary of George H. W. Bush, 458.

HIS QUIET BELIEF Ibid., 461.

"HAD I NOT MET THE MAN" Ibid. Henry Kissinger agreed that Bush's personal experience was crucial in this period. "If you had been in China, the idea of Deng Xiaoping as a dictator was not accurate-he was a reformer," Henry Kissinger recalled. "Bush had been there, had lived in that world." (Author interview with Henry Kissinger.) Engel's conclusion was that Bush's friendship with Deng "prompted from [Bush] a less caustic line than another president, less intimately involved with China and its leaders, might have pursued." (Engel, ed., China Diary of George H. W. Bush, 461.) BUSH THEREFORE WROTE TO DENG GHWB diary, June 18, 1989. See also Naftali, GHWB, 8182.

"I HAVE TRIED" AWT, 1002.

FREEDOM OF SPEECH Ibid.

THE SANCTIONS HE HAD IMPOSED Ibid.

WITHIN TWENTY-FOUR HOURS Ibid., 104.

IN BEIJING, SCOWCROFT FOUND Ibid., 1067. "The reason I have chosen President Bush as my friend is because since the inception of my contact with him I found that his words are rather trustworthy," Deng told Scowcroft in a meeting in the Great Hall of the People. (Ibid.) "JUST LET IT WAIT" GHWB diary, September 9, 1989.

HIS REACTION TO TIANANMEN Press conference briefing notes, June 7 and 8, 1989: For the President-Action-James W. Cicconi, DF.

"STEADINESS, REALISM, [AND] THE SEARCH FOR" Ibid.

EXAMPLES OF HOW "THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF" Ibid.

IN JUNE, HUNGARY TOOK DOWN Gaddis, Cold War, 24041; Naftali, GHWB, 7980.

IN THE SAME MONTH, IN POLAND Gaddis, Cold War, 24142.

BUSH TRAVELED TO BOTH NATIONS AWT, 11531.

BUSH AVOIDED LARGE CROWDS Ibid., 11516.

"WE HAD STEPPED" Ibid., 13031.

HEADING HOME FROM EASTERN EUROPE GHWB diary, July 18, 1989.

"I WANT TO DO IT" AWT, 132.

GORBACHEV AGREED Ibid., 13233.

THE PRESIDENT'S VIEW OF GORBACHEV GHWB diary, July 30, 1989.

"HE'S HAVING ENORMOUS" Ibid.

BUSH'S FIRST THOUGHT Ibid., July 4, 1989.

"HE'S STEADY" Ibid.

"SOMEDAY IT SHOULD BE COLIN POWELL" Ibid.

HAD SERVED AS REAGAN'S LAST NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER Powell with Persico, My American Journey, 38889, 399.

"I WISH THAT COLIN HAD MORE COMMAND EXPERIENCE" GHWB diary, August 8, 1989.

"SO I SAID TO DICK" Ibid.

"MY WORRY HAD BEEN" Ibid., September 29, 1989.

AT BUSH'S REQUEST, CHENEY ASKED POWELL Ibid., August 10, 1989.

"THE POWELL DECISION" Ibid., September 29, 1989.

A BEAUTIFUL NEW ENGLAND DAY "Remarks at the Bicentennial Convocation at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts," November 5, 1989, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George Bush, 1989, 145860.

"THE GREAT END" Ibid.

IT WAS OVER THERE Ibid.

HE RETURNED TO THE WHITE HOUSE GHWB diary, November 5, 1989.

"HE WAS NOT EMOTIONAL" Ibid.

AFTER DINNER, WITH NIXON GONE Ibid.

"THE MOVES IN EAST GERMANY" Ibid. See also Beschloss and Talbott, At the Highest Levels, 13236.

"HE'S AMAZED AT" GHWB diary, November 6, 1989.

"IF WE MISHANDLE IT" Ibid., November 8, 1989.

THIRTY-THREE: The Fall of the Wall IT IS THIS THAT REALLY GHWB diary, November 11, 1989.

BUSH WAS AT HIS DESK AWT, 14849. See also Naftali, GHWB, 8486, for Bush and the Wall. For details of the day, see "Schedule of the President," November 9, 1989, DF. Any appointments scheduled and approved in advance appeared as typewritten entries on the daily schedule with a start time and duration. As a given day progressed, the president's administrative staff hand-annotated the schedule, creating a precise record of his movements and human interactions down to the minute. For scholarly appraisals of the fall of the wall, see, for instance, Jeffrey A. Engel, ed., Fall of the Berlin Wall: The Revolutionary Legacy of 1989 (New York, 2009); and Zelikow and Rice, Germany Unified and Europe Transformed, 99101. I also found Mary Elise Sarotte, The Collapse: The Accidental Opening of the Berlin Wall (New York: Basic Books, 2014), instructive and illuminating.

"THE WALL HAD BEEN OPENED" AWT, 148.

STEPPED OUT OF THE BIG OFFICE Ibid.

EAST GERMAN OFFICIALS Zelikow and Rice, Germany Unified and Europe Transformed, 99101.

COMMUNICATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT GOVERNMENT AGENCIES Ibid.

IT WAS DAZZLING Beschloss and Talbott, At the Highest Levels, 13236; Zelikow and Rice, Germany Unified, 63101; AWT, 14849; Naftali, GHWB, 8485. After his trip in July 1989 to Poland and to Hungary, Bush wrote friends: "I can only conclude we are living in the most exciting and challenging times in modern history." (GHWB to John R. Davis, American Ambassador, Warsaw, July 31, 1989, JB.) IN 1983, BUSH HAD GONE ATB, 326.

"MR. GORBACHEV, TEAR DOWN" Reagan, American Life, 68183.

"STANDS AS A MONUMENT" "Remarks to the Citizens of Mainz," May 31, 1989, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George Bush, 1989, 65054.

NOW IT HAD Naftali, GHWB, 85.

IN HIS STUDY IN THE WEST WING AWT, 14849.

THERE WERE SIGNS Gaddis, Cold War, 243.

THE EAST GERMAN SECRET POLICE CHIEF Ibid.

"THE HEROIC RESPONSE" Ibid.

THE CIA HAD TOLD THE PRESIDENT Engel, Fall of the Berlin Wall, 28.

"URGING THAT WE NOT OVERREACT" GHWB diary, November 11, 1989. See also AWT, 150.

DETERMINED NOT TO "GLOAT" AWT, 149.

RECOMMENDED AN EXCHANGE Ibid.

AS THE PRESS CORPS Ibid.

IN A PREPARED STATEMENT GHWB, "Statement to the Press," November 9, 1989, DF.

"A POSITIVE STEP" Ibid.

"THE TRAGIC SYMBOLISM" Ibid.

"OF COURSE, I WAS" AWT, 149.

LESLEY STAHL OF CBS NEWS Ibid.

"THIS IS A SORT OF" Ibid.

"I'M NOT AN EMOTIONAL KIND OF GUY" Ibid.

"THE PRESS GETS ALL OVER ME" GHWB diary, November 11, 1989.

"THIS IS WHAT" Ibid.

FROM WEST BERLIN AWT, 151. See also GHWB, handwritten notes of phone call with Helmut Kohl, November 11, 1989, DF. Kohl called GHWB at 4 P.M. eastern.

"IT IS LIKE WITNESSING" AWT, 151.

TWO HUNDRED AND THIRTY THOUSAND Ibid.

THERE WAS A SOLUTION Ibid., 15051.

GORBACHEV CABLED KOHL Ibid., 14950.

"UNFORESEEN CONSEQUENCES" "Verbal Message from Mikhail Gorbachev to Francois Mitterrand, Margaret Thatcher, and George Bush," November 10, 1989, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, SAPMO-BA, DY 30/IV 2/2.039/319. Translated for Cold War International History Project by Howard Sargeant. http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/111536.

GORBACHEV'S TONE HAD AWT, 14950.

"THIS WAS THE FIRST TIME" Ibid., 150.

GEORGE MITCHELL RECOMMENDED Author interview with GHWB. See also AWT, 149.

"STICKING IT IN GORBACHEV'S EYE" Author interview with GHWB.

BUSH SENT GORBACHEV A MESSAGE AWT, 15051.

REPORTS OF VIOLENCE IN MOLDAVIA GHWB diary, November 11, 1989. See also "Clashes Reported in Moldavia," WP, November 11, 1989, and "Clash in Moldavia Brings Crackdown," NYT, November 12, 1989.

"IT IS THIS THAT REALLY CONCERNS ME" GHWB diary, November 11, 1989.

"INADEQUATE TO THE MOMENT" Beschloss and Talbott, At the Highest Levels, 135.

A "FAR CRY FROM" GHWB diary, November 12, 1989.

"THE THING THAT GETS ME" Ibid.

"IT'S SPREADING LIKE WILDFIRE" Ibid., November 25, 1989. See also AWT, 153, and "Shake-Up in Bulgaria Brings Cautious Optimism," NYT, November 12, 1989.

ONE CIA PAPER MADE A PARTICULAR IMPRESSION AWT, 154.

AS HE PREPARED TO MEET Ibid., 15455.

BUSH'S APPETITE FOR DEBATE Ibid., 154.

"WE WERE GETTING HINTS" Ibid., 155.

AT VALLETTA HARBOR IN MALTA AWT, 16174, covers the meeting.

"NO FARTING, OK?" GHWB to JAB III, November 30, 1989, box 288, James A. Baker III Papers, Princeton.

"HOW DO I FEEL?" GHWB diary, December 1, 1989.