86. Fel'dmarshal Rumiantsev: Dok.u.menty, pis'ma, vospominaniia Fel'dmarshal Rumiantsev: Dok.u.menty, pis'ma, vospominaniia, ed. A. P. Kapitonov (M, 2001), 10822, Rumiantsev to C., 20 June and 31 July 1770.

87. D. I. Peters, Nagradnye medali Rossii vtoroi poloviny XVIII stoletiia Nagradnye medali Rossii vtoroi poloviny XVIII stoletiia (M, 1999), 6471. (M, 1999), 6471.

88. E.g., KfZh KfZh (1770), 1624, 20 July, the Feast of the Prophet Elijah. (1770), 1624, 20 July, the Feast of the Prophet Elijah.

89. KfZh KfZh (1770), 1712; Falconet, 136, C. to Falconet, 18 Aug. 1770. (1770), 1712; Falconet, 136, C. to Falconet, 18 Aug. 1770.

90. Best. D16604, C to Voltaire, 9/20 Aug. 1770.

91. Madariaga, 21920.

92. J. Lukowski, The Part.i.tions of Poland, 1772, 1793, 1795 The Part.i.tions of Poland, 1772, 1793, 1795 (London, 1999), 61. (London, 1999), 61.

93. SIRIO SIRIO, xiii: 59, C. to Bielke, 12 Jan. 1771; Best. D16999, C. to Voltaire, 23 Jan. 1771.

94. Pis'ma Salytkovu Pis'ma Salytkovu, 85, 23 Nov. 1770.

95. SIRIO SIRIO, x: 4334.

96. Zhurnal bytnosti v Rossii Ego Korolevsago Vysochestva Printsa Prusskago Genrikha Zhurnal bytnosti v Rossii Ego Korolevsago Vysochestva Printsa Prusskago Genrikha (SPb, n.d., supplement to (SPb, n.d., supplement to KfZh KfZh 1770), 12, 301. 1770), 12, 301.

97. Schenker, Bronze Horseman Bronze Horseman, 13561, esp. 1578.

98. Memoirs du Comte de Hordt, Gentilhomme Suedois Memoirs du Comte de Hordt, Gentilhomme Suedois, etc., 2 vols. (Berlin, 1789), ii: 2256; Zhurnal bytnosti Zhurnal bytnosti, 504.

99. Sochineniia Sochineniia, iv: 14963.

100. Richardson, 328, 3301.

101. A. Zorin, Kormia dvuglavogo orla Kormia dvuglavogo orla (M, 2001) 3394. (M, 2001) 3394.

102. Best. D16711, C. to Voltaire, 7/18 Oct. 1770; Richardson, 327.

103. Best. D16825, C. to Voltaire, 4/15 Dec. 1770; D17081, 3/14 Mar. 1771. For Voltaire's reply, see D16984, 22 Jan. 1771 NS.

104. Best. D16683, Voltaire to C., 2 Oct. 1770 NS.

105. Alexander, Bubonic Plague Bubonic Plague, 1012, 107, 115, 118.

106. Best., D17443, Voltaire to C., 12 Nov. 1771 NS. See also D16747, 6 Nov. 1770 NS.

107. Alexander, Bubonic Plague Bubonic Plague, 15061 and pa.s.sim pa.s.sim.

108. Beales, Joseph II Joseph II, 28694 (289).

109. Beales, Joseph II Joseph II, 2824; Madariaga, 2213 (222); Lukowski, Part.i.tions of Poland Part.i.tions of Poland (64), 6874. (64), 6874.

110. SIRIO SIRIO, xiii: 116, C. to Panin, 19 June 1771. This was barely six weeks after the edict banning corporal punishment for liveried servants, suggesting a clear distinction between the two groups in C.'s mind.

111. Ibid., 117, C. to Panin, 23 June.

112. SIRIO SIRIO, clxiii: 309, Sabatier to Aiguillon, 12 July NS.

113. SIRIO SIRIO, xiii: 142, C. to Bielke, 30 July 1770; 149, 29 Aug. See also clxiii: 321, Sabatier to Aiguillon, 9 Aug. NS.

114. Alexander, Bubonic Plague Bubonic Plague, 186201 (204).

115. Best. D17407, C. to Voltaire, 6/17 Oct. 1771.

116. PSZ PSZ, xix: 13,689, 26 Oct. 1771.

117. Alexander, Bubonic Plague Bubonic Plague, 253.

118. Best. D17341, C. to Voltaire, 14/25 Aug. 1771. The temple of memory was ultimately designed by Charles Cameron and destroyed by order of Paul I in 1797.

119. Falconet, 134, Falconet to C., 14 Aug. 1770; SIRIO SIRIO, x: 431; Shchukina, Dva veka russkoi medali Dva veka russkoi medali, 6570.

120. SIRIO SIRIO, xiii: 238, C. to Bielke, 28 Apr. 1772.

121. Cross, 26673; D. Shvidkovsky, The Empress and the Architect: British Architecture and Gardens at the Court of Catherine the Great The Empress and the Architect: British Architecture and Gardens at the Court of Catherine the Great (New Haven, CT, 1996), 17281; I. Iakovkin, (New Haven, CT, 1996), 17281; I. Iakovkin, Opisanie sela tsarskago Opisanie sela tsarskago (SPb, 1830), 324. (SPb, 1830), 324.

122. Cross, 269.

123. Satiricheskie zhurnaly Satiricheskie zhurnaly, 96, 28 July 1769. The second edition of The Drone The Drone was dedicated to Naryshkin: see ibid., 45, and was dedicated to Naryshkin: see ibid., 45, and SK SK, iv: 202.

124. Sovremennik Sovremennik, 38 (1853), 96101; KfZh KfZh (1772), 297302. For an earlier entertainment at Leventhal, see (1772), 297302. For an earlier entertainment at Leventhal, see KfZh KfZh (1770), 15760. (1770), 15760.

125. N. Wraxall, A Tour through some of the Northern Parts of Europe A Tour through some of the Northern Parts of Europe, 3rd edn. (London, 1776), 213.

126. SIRIO SIRIO, xiii: 23, C. to Bielke, 13 July 1770.

127. SIRIO SIRIO, xiii: 99100, C. to Panin, 2425 May, 1771. See also SIRIO SIRIO, cxliii: 2912, Sabatier to Vrilliere, 7 June NS.

128. Best. D17322, 22 July/3 Aug. 1771; PSZ PSZ, xix: 13,651, 26 July.

129. Pis'ma Saltykovu Pis'ma Saltykovu, 69, 31 May 1768.

130. A. I. Mikhailov, Bazhenov Bazhenov (M, 1951), 507, 60. (M, 1951), 507, 60.

131. Ibid., 61; Iu. Ia. Gerchuk, ed., Vasilii Ivanovich Bazhenov Vasilii Ivanovich Bazhenov (M, 2001), 735, 'Kratkoe ra.s.suzhdenie o kremlevskom stroenii'. (M, 2001), 735, 'Kratkoe ra.s.suzhdenie o kremlevskom stroenii'.

132. Gerchuk, Bazhenov Bazhenov, 80, Teplov to Bazhenov, 15 Feb. 1770.

133. Pis'ma Saltykovu Pis'ma Saltykovu, 91, 23 Nov. 1770; Zhurnal bytnosti Zhurnal bytnosti, 98, 100. PSZ PSZ, xix: 13,581, 15 Mar. 1771, decreed that though the city wall was to be demolished along the Moscow River from the Annunciation Cathedral to the Church of Peter the Metropolitan, neither was to be damaged.

134. Hughes, 'Seeing the Sights', in Eighteenth-Century Russia Eighteenth-Century Russia, eds. Bartlett and Lehmann-Carli, 3256.

135. F. Rozhdestvenskii, Samuil Mislavskii, Mitropolit Kievskii Samuil Mislavskii, Mitropolit Kievskii (Kiev, 1877), 501. C.'s letters to Samuil are at appendix iiivii. cf. G. I. Vzdornov, (Kiev, 1877), 501. C.'s letters to Samuil are at appendix iiivii. cf. G. I. Vzdornov, Istoriia otktrytiia izucheniia russkoi srednevekovoi zhivopisi XIX veka Istoriia otktrytiia izucheniia russkoi srednevekovoi zhivopisi XIX veka (M, 1986), 1617. (M, 1986), 1617.

136. V. I. Bazhenov, 'Slovo na zalozhenie kremlevskogo dvortsa', in S. Razgonov, V. I. Bazhenov V. I. Bazhenov (M, 1985), 1645. (M, 1985), 1645.

137. Volkonskii, 93, 10 Jan. 1772.

138. Letters to Volkonskii quoted in extenso in extenso by V. P. Iailenko, by V. P. Iailenko, Ocherki po istorii i arkhitekture Lefortovo XVIIXVIII vekov Ocherki po istorii i arkhitekture Lefortovo XVIIXVIII vekov (M, 2004), 15962. (M, 2004), 15962.

139. Wraxall, A Tour A Tour, 231.

Chapter 9.

1. R. E. Jones, 'Opposition to War and Expansion in Late Eighteenth-Century Russia', Jahrbucher fur Geschichte Osteuropas Jahrbucher fur Geschichte Osteuropas, 32 (1984), 3844.

2. SIRIO SIRIO, xiii: 259, C. to Mme Bielke, 25 June 1772; 261, 9 Aug.

3. KfZh KfZh (1772), 302, 3069. (1772), 302, 3069.

4. SIRIO SIRIO, lxxii: 227, Solms to Frederick, 3 Aug. 1772.

5. KfZh KfZh (1772), 32331 (330). (1772), 32331 (330).

6. SIRIO SIRIO, xix: 314, Gunning to Suffolk, 4 Sept. 1772.

7. SIRIO SIRIO, xiii: 2702, draft letter in C.'s hand; L. Hughes, The Romanovs The Romanovs (London, 2008), 108. (London, 2008), 108.

8. PCFG PCFG, x.x.xii: 527, Frederick to Solms, 1 Oct. 1772 NS.

9. SIRIO SIRIO, xix: 3278, Gunning to Suffolk, 27 Sept. 1772.

10. Best. D17929, C. to Voltaire, 12 Sept. 1772. Panin presented Gustav's emissary to C. at Tsarskoe Selo on 17 Aug., KfZh KfZh (1772), 338. (1772), 338.

11. Madariaga, 227.

12. SIRIO SIRIO, xix: 297, Gunning to Suffolk, 28 July 1772; xiii: 259, C. to Mme Bielke, 25 June 1772; 261, 9 Aug. The Court moved to Tsarskoe Selo on Monday 13 Aug: KfZh KfZh (1772), 330. (1772), 330.

13. Best. D17877, C. to Voltaire, 11 Aug. 1772; D17983, 17 Oct. See also D18090, 5 Dec.

14. Falconet, 185, C. to Falconet, 9 Oct. 1772.

15. Best. D18062, C. to Voltaire, 22 Nov. 1772; SIRIO SIRIO, lxii: 305, Solms to Frederick, II, 25 Dec. 1772; 311, 8 Jan. 1773; Ransel, Politics Politics, 2356.

16. Lopatin, 9, 21 Feb. 1774.

17. SIRIO SIRIO, xix: 298, Gunning to Suffolk, 28 July 1772.

18. McGrew, 701; SIRIO SIRIO, xiii: 2656, C. to Mme Bielke, 24 Aug. 1772.

19. KfZh KfZh (1772), 4047. McGrew, 78, 82, may underestimate the level of public celebration. (1772), 4047. McGrew, 78, 82, may underestimate the level of public celebration.

20. SIRIO SIRIO, xix: 14, Cathcart to Rochford, 29 Dec. 1769.

21. Ransel, Politics Politics, 2426, offers the most confident account of the episode; McGrew, 812, is more cautious.

22. SIRIO SIRIO, xiii: 912, C. to a.s.sebourg, 14 May 1771.

23. Ibid., 85, Panin to a.s.sebourg, 10 May 1771; PCFG PCFG, x.x.xiii: 142, Frederick to Henry, 19 Dec. 1772 NS.

24. The gallery was done out in 17556: see V. Lemus and L. Lapina, The Catherine Palace-Museum in Pushkin: Picture Hall The Catherine Palace-Museum in Pushkin: Picture Hall (Leningrad, 1990). (Leningrad, 1990).

25. KfZh KfZh (1773), 27181. (1773), 27181.

26. KfZh KfZh (1773), 28193. The wining and dining continued throughout the summer. (1773), 28193. The wining and dining continued throughout the summer.

27. McGrew, 834; Papmehl, Metropolitan Platon Metropolitan Platon, 289.

28. Best. D18605, Voltaire to C., 1 Nov. 1773.

29. Dixon, 'Religious Ritual', 2345.

30. Opisanie torzhestva vysokobrakosochetaniia Ego Imperatorskago Vysochestva Velikago Kniazia Pavla Petrovicha s Ee Imperatorskim Vysochestvom Velikoiu Kniagieneiu Natalieiu Alekseevnoiu Opisanie torzhestva vysokobrakosochetaniia Ego Imperatorskago Vysochestva Velikago Kniazia Pavla Petrovicha s Ee Imperatorskim Vysochestvom Velikoiu Kniagieneiu Natalieiu Alekseevnoiu (SPb, 1773). See also D. Kobeko, (SPb, 1773). See also D. Kobeko, Tsesarevich Pavel Petrovich (17541796): Istoricheskoe issledovanie Tsesarevich Pavel Petrovich (17541796): Istoricheskoe issledovanie (SPb, 2001 edn.), 757. (SPb, 2001 edn.), 757.

31. Quoted in Wilson, Diderot Diderot, 631.

32. Quoted in N. Cronk, 'Hobbes and Hume: determining voices in Jacques le fataliste et son maitre Jacques le fataliste et son maitre', in Diderot and European Culture Diderot and European Culture, eds. F. Ogee and A. Strugnell (SVEC, 2006:09), 179.

33. E. Anderson, ed., The Letters of Mozart and His Family The Letters of Mozart and His Family, Third edn. (London, 1989), 43, L. Mozart to L. Hagenauer, 1 Apr. 1764 NS.

34. Grimm told his own story in SIRIO SIRIO, ii: 32593, 'Memoire historique sur l'origine et les suites de mon attachement pour l'Imperatrice Catherine II, jusqu'au deces de S.M.I.'.

35. S. Karp, 'Grimm a Petersbourg', in Deutsch-Russische Beziehungen im 18. Jahrhundert: Kultur, Wissenschaft und Diplomatie Deutsch-Russische Beziehungen im 18. Jahrhundert: Kultur, Wissenschaft und Diplomatie, eds. C. Grau, S. Karp, J. Voss (Wiesbaden, 1997), 294.

36. Grimm, 12, 25 Apr. 1774.

37. D. Goodman, The Republic of Letters: A Cultural History of the French Enlightenment The Republic of Letters: A Cultural History of the French Enlightenment (Ithaca, NY, 1994), ch. 4; A. Chamayou, (Ithaca, NY, 1994), ch. 4; A. Chamayou, L'Esprit de la lettre (XVIIIe siecle) L'Esprit de la lettre (XVIIIe siecle) (Paris, 1999). (Paris, 1999).

38. Grimm, 97, 17 Aug. 1778; 188, 20 Sept. 1780.

39. Grimm, 4212, 25 Nov. 1787; ibid. 436, 28 Dec. On the subsequent fate of the letters, see S. Ia. Karp, 'Perepiska Ekaterina II s Fridrikhom Mel'khiorom Grimmom: Iz istorii rukopisei', Vek Prosveshcheniia: Vek Prosveshcheniia: I, 3049. I, 3049.

40. Grimm, 543, 1 June 1791.

41. S. Dixon, Catherine the Great Catherine the Great (Harlow, 2001), 812; Diderot, (Harlow, 2001), 812; Diderot, Oeuvres philosophiques Oeuvres philosophiques, ed. P. Verniere (Paris, 1961), 630.

42. Diderot, Correspondance Correspondance, 142, 30 Dec. 1773 NS, to Mmes Diderot and Vandeul.