This was until one person by the name of Abraham Wald pointed out that this was the damage on planes that made it back.

Thus reinforcing those areas would have no positive effect and would make the planes unnecessarily slow. The correct decision would be to reinforce the areas that weren't damaged as they could be potential vulnerabilities.

This phenomenon is also known as survivors.h.i.+p bias that takes place when you only focus on the group that survived.

This is why you need to think outside the box and consider situations from all perspectives. A conclusive idea based on facts could very easily be dismissed with a single counter argument.

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