"Once adjust oneself to the spinsterly angularity": Conrad Aiken, introduction to Selected Poems of Emily d.i.c.kinson, Selected Poems of Emily d.i.c.kinson, quoted in Blake and Wells, quoted in Blake and Wells, The Recognition of Emily d.i.c.kinson, The Recognition of Emily d.i.c.kinson, p. 117. p. 117.

the "hero of a hundred Atlantic Atlantic paragraphs": Taggard, paragraphs": Taggard, The Life and Mind of Emily d.i.c.kinson, The Life and Mind of Emily d.i.c.kinson, p. 172. p. 172.

the dull "Cambridge" group: See Macy, American Writers on American Literature, American Writers on American Literature, p. 178. p. 178.

"'Half-cracked' to Higginson": Adrienne Rich, "I Am in Danger-Sir-," in Rich, Necessities of Life, Necessities of Life, p. 33. p. 33.

"one should not demand more ac.u.men": Lubbers, Emily d.i.c.kinson, Emily d.i.c.kinson, pp. 201202. pp. 201202.

"we must choose between the past forms": TWH, Things New and Old, Things New and Old, p. 5. p. 5.

"It is remarkable": Hawthorne, The Centenary Edition, The Centenary Edition, 1:164. 1:164.

"'George Washington was the Father of his Country',": ED to Elizabeth Holland, [late autumn 1884], Letters, Letters, 3:849. 3:849.

"very good for elder years": TWH, TWH, p. 393. p. 393.

"I wish we had automobiles when I was a boy": TWH, quoted in "Colonel Higginson," Hartford Courant, Hartford Courant, [May 11, 1911], p. 8. [May 11, 1911], p. 8.

"Best of all, is to lead": TWH, "The Unforlorn Hope," Independent, Independent, [April 14, 1892], p. 6. [April 14, 1892], p. 6.

"Joy! shipmate-joy!": Whitman, Leaves of Gra.s.s, Leaves of Gra.s.s, in in Complete Poetry and Collected Prose, Complete Poetry and Collected Prose, p. 608. p. 608.

"that I am glad we live in a universe large enough": TWH, "Immortality," Radical, Radical, (May 1869), p. 385 (May 1869), p. 385 "Because I could not stop for Death-": Fr 479.

Selected Bibliography Aaron, Daniel. The Unwritten War: American Writers and the Civil War. The Unwritten War: American Writers and the Civil War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1973. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1973.

[Adams, Henry]. "Frothingham's Transcendentalism." North American Review, North American Review, October 1876. October 1876.

[Aldrich, Thomas Bailey]. The Contributors' Club. Atlantic Monthly, Atlantic Monthly, January 1892. January 1892.

Anderson, Charles. Emily d.i.c.kinson's Poetry: Stairway of Surprise. Emily d.i.c.kinson's Poetry: Stairway of Surprise. New York: Anchor Books, 1966. New York: Anchor Books, 1966.

Barney, Margaret Higginson, ed. "Fragments from Emily d.i.c.kinson." Atlantic Monthly, Atlantic Monthly, June 1927. June 1927.

Benfey, Christopher. Emily d.i.c.kinson and the Problem of Others. Emily d.i.c.kinson and the Problem of Others. Amherst: University of Ma.s.sachusetts Press, 1984. Amherst: University of Ma.s.sachusetts Press, 1984.

---. Emily d.i.c.kinson: Lives of a Poet. Emily d.i.c.kinson: Lives of a Poet. New York: George Braziller, 1986. New York: George Braziller, 1986.

Berkove, Lawrence I. "'A Slash of Blue!': An Unrecognized Emily d.i.c.kinson War Poem." Emily d.i.c.kinson Journal Emily d.i.c.kinson Journal 10, no. 1 (Spring 2001): 18. 10, no. 1 (Spring 2001): 18.

Berlin, Ira, Joseph P. Reidy, and Leslie S. Rowland, eds. The Black Military Experience. The Black Military Experience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

Bianchi, Martha d.i.c.kinson. Emily d.i.c.kinson Face to Face: Unpublished Letters with Notes and Reminiscences. Emily d.i.c.kinson Face to Face: Unpublished Letters with Notes and Reminiscences. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1932. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1932.

---. The Life and Letters of Emily d.i.c.kinson. The Life and Letters of Emily d.i.c.kinson. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1924. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1924.

Bingham, Millicent Todd. Ancestors' Brocades: The Literary Debut of Emily d.i.c.kinson. Ancestors' Brocades: The Literary Debut of Emily d.i.c.kinson. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1945. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1945.

---. Emily d.i.c.kinson: A Revelation. Emily d.i.c.kinson: A Revelation. New York: Harper & Row, 1954. New York: Harper & Row, 1954.

---, ed. Emily d.i.c.kinson's Home: Letters of Edward d.i.c.kinson and His Family. Emily d.i.c.kinson's Home: Letters of Edward d.i.c.kinson and His Family. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1955; reprint, Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications, 1967. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1955; reprint, Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications, 1967.

Bishop, Elizabeth. "Unseemly Deductions." Review of The Riddle of Emily d.i.c.kinson, The Riddle of Emily d.i.c.kinson, by Rebecca Patterson. by Rebecca Patterson. New Republic, New Republic, August 18, 1952. August 18, 1952.

Black, David. "Discipline and Pleasure: Or, Sports and the Wild in the Writings of Thomas Wentworth Higginson." Aethlon Aethlon 8, no. 2 (Spring 1991): 113. 8, no. 2 (Spring 1991): 113.

Blake, Caesar R., and Carlton F. Wells, eds. The Recognition of Emily d.i.c.kinson: Selected Criticism since 1890. The Recognition of Emily d.i.c.kinson: Selected Criticism since 1890. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1964. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1964.

Brennan, Sister T. C. "Thomas Wentworth Higginson: Reformer and Man of Letters." PhD diss., University of Michigan, 1958.

Brill, Leonard. "Thomas Wentworth Higginson and The Atlantic Monthly. The Atlantic Monthly." PhD diss., University of Minnesota, 1969.

Brooks, Van Wyck. New England: Indian Summer, 18651915. New England: Indian Summer, 18651915. New York: E. p. Dutton, 1940. New York: E. p. Dutton, 1940.

Burgess, John W. Reminiscences of an American Scholar: The Beginnings of Columbia University. Reminiscences of an American Scholar: The Beginnings of Columbia University. New York: Columbia University Press, 1934. New York: Columbia University Press, 1934.

Burr, George Lincoln, ed. Narratives of New England Witchcraft Cases. Narratives of New England Witchcraft Cases. 1914; reprint, Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications, 2002. 1914; reprint, Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications, 2002.

Cabell, James Branch, and A. J. Hanna. The St. Johns: A Parade of Diversities. The St. Johns: A Parade of Diversities. New York: Farrar & Rinehart, 1943. New York: Farrar & Rinehart, 1943.

Cameron, Sharon. Choosing Not Choosing: d.i.c.kinson's Fascicles. Choosing Not Choosing: d.i.c.kinson's Fascicles. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.

---. Lyric Time: d.i.c.kinson and the Limits of Genre. Lyric Time: d.i.c.kinson and the Limits of Genre. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979.

Cipper, Charles. "A Little Beyond: The Problem of the Transcendalist Movement in American History." Journal of American History Journal of American History (September 1998): 502539. (September 1998): 502539.

Cody, John. After Great Pain: The Inner Life of Emily d.i.c.kinson. After Great Pain: The Inner Life of Emily d.i.c.kinson. Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Belknap Press / Harvard University Press, 1971. Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Belknap Press / Harvard University Press, 1971.

Cornish, Dudley Taylor. The Sable Arm: Black Troops in the Union Army, 18611865. The Sable Arm: Black Troops in the Union Army, 18611865. 1956; reprint, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1987. 1956; reprint, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1987.

Damon, S. Foster. Amy Lowell: A Chronicle with Extracts from Her Correspondence. Amy Lowell: A Chronicle with Extracts from Her Correspondence. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1935. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1935.

Dana, Richard Henry. The Journal. The Journal. 3 vols. Edited by Robert Lucid. Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Belknap Press / Harvard University Press, 1968. 3 vols. Edited by Robert Lucid. Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Belknap Press / Harvard University Press, 1968.

Dandurand, Karen. "New d.i.c.kinson Civil War Publications." American Literature American Literature 56, no. 1 (March 1984): 1827. 56, no. 1 (March 1984): 1827.

d.i.c.kinson, Emily. The Letters of Emily d.i.c.kinson. The Letters of Emily d.i.c.kinson. 3 vols. Edited by Thomas H. Johnson with Theodora Ward. Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Belknap Press / Harvard University Press, 1955. 3 vols. Edited by Thomas H. Johnson with Theodora Ward. Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Belknap Press / Harvard University Press, 1955.

---. The Master Letters of Emily d.i.c.kinson. The Master Letters of Emily d.i.c.kinson. Edited by R. W. Franklin. Amherst, Ma.s.s.: Amherst College Press, 1986. Edited by R. W. Franklin. Amherst, Ma.s.s.: Amherst College Press, 1986.

---. Open Me Carefully: Emily d.i.c.kinson's Intimate Letters to Susan Huntington d.i.c.kinson. Open Me Carefully: Emily d.i.c.kinson's Intimate Letters to Susan Huntington d.i.c.kinson. Edited by Martha Nell Smith and Ellen Louise Hart. Ashfield, Ma.s.s.: Paris Press, 1998. Edited by Martha Nell Smith and Ellen Louise Hart. Ashfield, Ma.s.s.: Paris Press, 1998.

---. Poems. Poems. Edited by Mabel Loomis Todd and Thomas Wentworth Higginson. Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1890. Edited by Mabel Loomis Todd and Thomas Wentworth Higginson. Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1890.

---. Poems. Poems. Second Series. Edited by Thomas Wentworth Higginson and Mabel Loomis Todd. Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1891. Second Series. Edited by Thomas Wentworth Higginson and Mabel Loomis Todd. Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1891.

---. The Poems of Emily d.i.c.kinson. The Poems of Emily d.i.c.kinson. Reading Edition. Edited by R. W. Franklin. Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Belknap Press / Harvard University Press, 1999. Reading Edition. Edited by R. W. Franklin. Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Belknap Press / Harvard University Press, 1999.

---. The Poems of Emily d.i.c.kinson. The Poems of Emily d.i.c.kinson. Variorum Edition 3 vols. Edited by R. W. Franklin. Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Belknap Press / Harvard University Press, 1998. Variorum Edition 3 vols. Edited by R. W. Franklin. Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Belknap Press / Harvard University Press, 1998.

---. The Poems of Emily d.i.c.kinson. The Poems of Emily d.i.c.kinson. 3 vols. Edited by Thomas H. Johnson. Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Belknap Press / Harvard University Press, 1955. 3 vols. Edited by Thomas H. Johnson. Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Belknap Press / Harvard University Press, 1955.

---. The Single Hound: Poems of a Lifetime. The Single Hound: Poems of a Lifetime. Edited by Martha d.i.c.kinson Bianchi. Boston: Little, Brown, 1914; reprint, London: Hesperus Press, 2005. Edited by Martha d.i.c.kinson Bianchi. Boston: Little, Brown, 1914; reprint, London: Hesperus Press, 2005.

[d.i.c.kinson, Susan Gilbert]. "Harriet Prescott's Early Work." Springfield Republican, Springfield Republican, February 1, 1903. February 1, 1903.

Diehl, Joanne Feit. d.i.c.kinson and the Romantic Imagination. d.i.c.kinson and the Romantic Imagination. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1981. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1981.

Drake, Ross. "The Law That Ripped America in Two." Smithsonian, Smithsonian, May 2004. May 2004.

Du Bois, W. E. B. John Brown. John Brown. 1909; reprint, New York: Modern Library, 2001. 1909; reprint, New York: Modern Library, 2001.

Eberwein, Jane D. d.i.c.kinson: Strategies of Limitation. d.i.c.kinson: Strategies of Limitation. Amherst: University of Ma.s.sachusetts Press, 1985. Amherst: University of Ma.s.sachusetts Press, 1985.

Edelstein, Tilden G. Strange Enthusiasm: A Life of Thomas Wentworth Higginson. Strange Enthusiasm: A Life of Thomas Wentworth Higginson. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1968. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1968.

Elbert, Monika M., ed. Separate Spheres No More: Gender Convergence in American Literature, 18301930. Separate Spheres No More: Gender Convergence in American Literature, 18301930. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2000. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2000.

Elliott, Maud Howe. This Was My Newport. This Was My Newport. 1944; reprint, New York: Arno Press, 1975. 1944; reprint, New York: Arno Press, 1975.

Emerson, Dorothy, ed. Standing before Us: Unitarian Universalist Women and Social Reform, 17761936. Standing before Us: Unitarian Universalist Women and Social Reform, 17761936. Boston: Skinner House Books, 1999. Boston: Skinner House Books, 1999.

Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Essays and Poems. Essays and Poems. Edited by Joel Porte. New York: Library of America, 1983. Edited by Joel Porte. New York: Library of America, 1983.

Erkkila, Betsy. "Emily d.i.c.kinson and Cla.s.s." American Literary History American Literary History 4 (1992): 127. 4 (1992): 127.

Farr, Judith. The Pa.s.sion of Emily d.i.c.kinson. The Pa.s.sion of Emily d.i.c.kinson. Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Harvard University Press, 1992. Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Harvard University Press, 1992.

Fast, Robin R., and Christine M. Gordon, eds. Approaches to Teaching d.i.c.kinson's Poetry. Approaches to Teaching d.i.c.kinson's Poetry. New York: Modern Language a.s.sociation, 1989. New York: Modern Language a.s.sociation, 1989.

Flexner, Eleanor. Century of Struggle: The Woman's Rights Movement in the United States. Century of Struggle: The Woman's Rights Movement in the United States. 1959; enl. ed., Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Belknap Press / Harvard University Press, 1996. 1959; enl. ed., Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Belknap Press / Harvard University Press, 1996.

Foner, Eric. Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 18631877. Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 18631877. New York: Harper Perennial, 1989. New York: Harper Perennial, 1989.

Ford, Worthington Chauncy, ed. A Cycle of Adams Letters, 18611865. A Cycle of Adams Letters, 18611865. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1920. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1920.

Franklin, Ralph, ed. The Editing of Emily d.i.c.kinson: A Reconsideration. The Editing of Emily d.i.c.kinson: A Reconsideration. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1967. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1967.

Frederickson, George M. The Black Image in the White Mind: The Debate on Afro- American Character and Destiny, 18171914. The Black Image in the White Mind: The Debate on Afro- American Character and Destiny, 18171914. New York: Harper & Row, 1971. New York: Harper & Row, 1971.

---. The Inner Civil War: Northern Intellectuals and the Crisis of the Union. The Inner Civil War: Northern Intellectuals and the Crisis of the Union. New York: Harper & Row, 1965. New York: Harper & Row, 1965.

Gay, Peter. The Bourgeois Experience: Victoria to Freud. The Bourgeois Experience: Victoria to Freud. Vol. 1, Vol. 1, Education of the Senses. Education of the Senses. New York: W. W. Norton, 1999. New York: W. W. Norton, 1999.

Gelpi, Albert J. Emily d.i.c.kinson: The Mind of the Poet. Emily d.i.c.kinson: The Mind of the Poet. Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Harvard University Press, 1965. Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Harvard University Press, 1965.

Giantvalley, Scott. "'Strict, Straight Notions of Literary Propriety': Thomas Wentworth Higginson's Gradual Unbending to Walt Whitman." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 4, no. 4 (Spring 1987): 1727. 4, no. 4 (Spring 1987): 1727.

Gornick, Vivian. The Solitude of Self: Thinking about Elizabeth Cady Stanton. The Solitude of Self: Thinking about Elizabeth Cady Stanton. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2005. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2005.

Green, Clara Bellinger. "A Reminiscence of Emily d.i.c.kinson." Bookman, Bookman, November 1924. November 1924.

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---. "Life on the Sea Islands," pt. 2. Atlantic Monthly, Atlantic Monthly, June 1864, pp. 666676. June 1864, pp. 666676.

Gurstein, Roch.e.l.le. "The Importance of Being Earnest." New Republic, New Republic, March 12, 2001. March 12, 2001.

Habegger, Alfred. My Wars Are Laid Away in Books: The Life of Emily d.i.c.kinson. My Wars Are Laid Away in Books: The Life of Emily d.i.c.kinson. New York: Random House, 2001. New York: Random House, 2001.

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---. The Centenary Edition of the Works of Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Centenary Edition of the Works of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Vol. 16, Vol. 16, The Letters, 18431853. The Letters, 18431853. Edited by Thomas Woodson, L. Neal Smith, and Norman Holmes Pearson. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1985. Edited by Thomas Woodson, L. Neal Smith, and Norman Holmes Pearson. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1985.

---. The Centenary Edition of the Works of Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Centenary Edition of the Works of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Vol. 23, Vol. 23, Miscellaneous Prose and Verse. Miscellaneous Prose and Verse. Edited by Thomas Woodson, Claude M. Simpson, and L. Neal Smith. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1994. Edited by Thomas Woodson, Claude M. Simpson, and L. Neal Smith. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1994.

---. "Chiefly about War-Matters, by a Peaceable Man." Atlantic Monthly, Atlantic Monthly, July 1862, pp. 4362. July 1862, pp. 4362.

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Higginson, Thomas Wentworth. The Afternoon Landscape: Poems and Translations. The Afternoon Landscape: Poems and Translations. New York: Longmans, Green, 1889. New York: Longmans, Green, 1889.

---. "Americanism in Literature." Atlantic Monthly, Atlantic Monthly, January 1870, pp. 5664. January 1870, pp. 5664.

---. "April Days." Atlantic Monthly, Atlantic Monthly, April 1861, pp. 385395. April 1861, pp. 385395.

---. Army Life in a Black Regiment. Army Life in a Black Regiment. Boston: Fields, Osgood, 1870; reprinted in Boston: Fields, Osgood, 1870; reprinted in Army Life in a Black Regiment, and Other Writings. Army Life in a Black Regiment, and Other Writings. New York: Penguin Cla.s.sics, 1997. New York: Penguin Cla.s.sics, 1997.

---. "An Artist's Dream." Atlantic Monthly, Atlantic Monthly, July 1867, pp. 100108. July 1867, pp. 100108.

---. Book and Heart: Essays on Literature and Life. Book and Heart: Essays on Literature and Life. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1897. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1897.

---. "Border Ruffianism in South Carolina." Independent, Independent, August 10, 1876. August 10, 1876.

---. "Carlyle's Laugh." Atlantic Monthly, Atlantic Monthly, October 1881, pp. 463466. October 1881, pp. 463466.

---. Carlyle's Laugh, and Other Surprises. Carlyle's Laugh, and Other Surprises. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1909. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1909.