"Black with his Hat": ED to James Clark, October 1882, Letters, Letters, 3:742. 3:742.

"My Life is full of dark Secrets": ED to James Clark, [November] 1882, Letters, Letters, 3:744. 3:744.

"several times in love, in her own way": Home, Home, pp. 374, 413. pp. 374, 413.

"my Aunt had lovers": MDB, preface to The Single Hound, The Single Hound, by ED, p. xvi. by ED, p. xvi.

"I've got a cough" "Open your life wide": ED to unknown recipient, [early 1861], ED, The Master Letters, The Master Letters, pp. 26, 28. pp. 26, 28.

"Master. / If you saw a bullet": ED to unknown recipient, [early 1861], ED, The Master Letters, The Master Letters, pp. 3243. pp. 3243.

"Perhaps you think me stooping! stooping!": Fr 273A.

she continued to alter them: Both Thomas Johnson's three volumes, ED, The Poems of Emily d.i.c.kinson, The Poems of Emily d.i.c.kinson, and Ralph Franklin's marvelous and Ralph Franklin's marvelous Poems of Emily d.i.c.kinson Poems of Emily d.i.c.kinson (Fr) show the variation in ma.n.u.script copies and insofar as possible provide the complete editorial and textual history of each poem. (Fr) show the variation in ma.n.u.script copies and insofar as possible provide the complete editorial and textual history of each poem.

"'It is finished'": ED to Elizabeth Holland, [June 1878], Letters, Letters, 2:613. 2:613.

"foreign to my thought": ED to TWH, June 7, 1862, Letters, Letters, 2:408. 2:408.

letter to the World: Fr 519.

"It's a great thing to be 'great'": ED to Louise Norcross, [December 1859], Letters, Letters, 2:345. Habegger, 2:345. Habegger, My Wars Are Laid Away in Books, My Wars Are Laid Away in Books, p. 712, corrects the original misdating of the letter. p. 712, corrects the original misdating of the letter.

poetry of the portfolio: See TWH, preface to Poems, Poems, and chapter 14 of this book. and chapter 14 of this book.

"My Splendors, are Menagerie-": Fr 319.

"Because I could not stop for Death-": Fr 479.

"I heard a Fly buzz-when I died-": Fr 591.

"We like March-his Shoes are Purple-": Fr 1194.

"An altered look about the hills-": Fr 90.

"Power is only Pain-": In Fr 312.

"First-Chill-then Stupor-then the letting go-": In Fr 372.

"Narcotics cannot still the Tooth": Fr 373.

"I had some things that I called mine-": Fr 101.

"On subjects of which we know nothing": ED to Otis Lord, n.d., Letters, Letters, 2:728. 2:728.

"Some things that fly there be-": Fr 68.

"When Jesus tells us about his Father": ED to Mrs. Hills, n.d., Letters, Letters, 3:837. 3:837.

"This World is not conclusion": Fr 373.

"I sing...as the Boy does": ED to TWH, April 25, 1862, Letters, Letters, 2:404. 2:404.

"She dealt her pretty words like Blades-": Fr 458.

"he appalls, entices": ED to TWH, [December 1879], Letters, Letters, 2:649. 2:649.

"t.i.tle divine-is mine!": Fr 194A.

"His growth was by absorption": See Merriam, The Life and Times of Samuel Bowles, The Life and Times of Samuel Bowles, 1:101. 1:101.

he supported the antislavery Republican John C. Fremont: See Koscher, "The Evolution, Tone, and Milieu of New England's Greatest Newspaper," p. 3.

"Mr. Bowles is quite handsome": See Annie Adams Fields, diary, January 30, 1868, MHS.

"His nature was Future": ED to SGD, January 1878, Letters, Letters, 2:600. 2:600.

with his "vivid Face and the besetting Accents": ED to Samuel Bowles, [1875], Letters, Letters, 2:540. 2:540.

"the Queen Recluse": Samuel Bowles to WAD, Friday, [January 9, 1863], Houghton.

"I have been in a savage, turbulent state": Samuel Bowles to WAD, Sat.u.r.day, [May 1863], Houghton.

"I am much ashamed Mr. Bowles": ED to Samuel Bowles, [August 1860], Letters, Letters, 2:366. 2:366.

"When the Best is gone-": ED to Mary Bowles, [spring 1862], Letters, Letters, 2:405. 2:405.

her sister was "always watching for the rewarding person": Home, Home, p. 413. p. 413.

"I am so far from Land": ED to Samuel Bowles, [January 11, 1862], Letters, Letters, 2:390. 2:390.

"n.o.body knows this little Rose": Fr 11A (t.i.tled "To Mrs.---, with a Rose"); "I taste a liquor never brewed": Fr 207A (t.i.tled "The May-Wine"); "Safe in their Alabaster Chambers": Fr 124A (t.i.tled "The Sleeping"). Also appearing in The Republican: The Republican: "'Sic transit gloria mundi'" (Fr 2B) in 1852, "Blazing in gold and quenching in purple" (Fr 321B) on March 30, 1864 (t.i.tled "Sunset"), and "A narrow Fellow in the Gra.s.s" (Fr 1096A) on February 14, 1866 (t.i.tled "The Snake"). See chapter 8. "'Sic transit gloria mundi'" (Fr 2B) in 1852, "Blazing in gold and quenching in purple" (Fr 321B) on March 30, 1864 (t.i.tled "Sunset"), and "A narrow Fellow in the Gra.s.s" (Fr 1096A) on February 14, 1866 (t.i.tled "The Snake"). See chapter 8.

CHAPTER FIVE: THOMAS WENTWORTH HIGGINSON: LIBERTY IS AGGRESSIVE "Come strong": Samuel May Jr. to TWH, May 25, 1854, BPL.

"It is of no use": Anthony Burns, quoted in Dana, The Journal, The Journal, 2:625. 2:625.

"Give all the notice you can": Samuel May Jr. to TWH, May 25, 1854, BPL.

"point the finger of scorn" "As if Southern slave-catchers were to be combated": CY, CY, p. 148. p. 148.

"I am a clergyman and a man of peace": Theodore Parker, quoted in Ma.s.sachusetts Spy, Ma.s.sachusetts Spy, May 31, 1854. May 31, 1854.

the "froth and sc.u.m of the meeting": CY, CY, p. 152. p. 152.

"You cowards, will you desert us now?": CY, CY, p. 71. p. 71.

"That meeting at Faneuil Hall was tremendous": TWH to Mary Curzon, [1854], Houghton.

"The law must be executed": "Slave Case in Boston," National Era, National Era, June 1, 1854, p. 87. June 1, 1854, p. 87.

Later that night Batchelder died: See William F. Channing to TWH, February 8, 1898, Houghton. When Higginson inquired many years later, Channing replied that his friend Charles T. Jackson, who examined the wound, initially said it was that of a pistol ball, but was linear, of a certain length, and made by a cutting instrument sharp at both edges. It was also deep. Yet the astounding fact remains, as will appear later, that the wound was produced by a pistol shot.... He said that after the door had been battered down, the marshal's posse inside had charged the attacking party with clubs and cutla.s.ses. He saw their leader, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, penned in a corner of the recessed doorway, wounded by a cutla.s.s in the face, and being hammered by the officers with clubs. "Then," said he, "I fired and one of the officers fell." He said they would have killed Higginson, if he had not fired. I asked him how Batchelder could have been shot when the wound was long like the thrust of a sword, instead of round like a pistol ball. He explained that he had loaded his pistol with a slug which had doubtless struck lengthwise.

"We went to bed one night old fashioned": Amos Adams Lawrence, quoted in McPherson, The Battle Cry of Freedom, The Battle Cry of Freedom, p. 120. p. 120.

"Ma.s.sachusetts antislavery differs much": George Hillard to Francis Lieber, October 2, 1860, Huntington.

"That attack was a great thing for freedom": TWH to LSH, May 29, 1854, BPL.

"supposing it to be so arranged": TWH, TWH, p. 145. p. 145.

"A revolution is begun!": TWH, "Ma.s.sachusetts in Mourning!" p. 14.

"the crime of a gentleman": TWH to Maria Weston Chapman, November 30December 7, 1854, BPL.

"It is the only way": George J. Higginson to TWH, June 10, 1854, BPL.

"My penalty cannot be very severe": TWH to LSH, May 29, 1854, BPL; "it would be best for the 'cause'": Lucy Stone to TWH, July 15, 1854, BPL.

shops closed their doors: See Schama, Dead Certainties, Dead Certainties, p. 312, and Samuel May Jr. to TWH, June 2, [1854], BPL. p. 312, and Samuel May Jr. to TWH, June 2, [1854], BPL.

not to "conceal Fugitives and help them on" "I am glad to be deceived no longer": TWH, "Ma.s.sachusetts in Mourning!" p. 14.

"Liberty is aggressive": Ralph Waldo Emerson, Journals, Journals, 14:385, quoted in Von Frank, 14:385, quoted in Von Frank, The Trials of Anthony Burns, The Trials of Anthony Burns, p. 229. p. 229.

transcendentalist in arms: The term is used by Frederickson regarding Higginson in The Inner Civil War, The Inner Civil War, p. 37. p. 37.

"I knew his ardor & courage": Dana, The Journal, The Journal, 2:629. 2:629.

"the only Harvard Phi Beta Kappa": Henry David Th.o.r.eau, quoted in Renehan, The Secret Six, The Secret Six, pp. 6465. pp. 6465.

After all, it had been a local Baptist clergyman: After he was returned to Virginia, Burns was confined, treated poorly, and then sold on the auction block. Removed to North Carolina, he was purchased-and freed-with money Leonard Grimes had raised.

"Ever since the rendition of Anthony Burns": "A Ride through Kanzas," in Magnificent Activist, Magnificent Activist, p. 88. p. 88.

"to kill every G.o.d-d.a.m.ned abolitionist": David Rice Atchison, quoted in Drake, "The Law That Ripped America in Two," p. 63.

"These are times": Henry Ward Beecher, quoted in Nevins, Ordeal of the Union, Ordeal of the Union, 2:431. 2:431.

"Never before in my life": CY, CY, p. 202. p. 202.

"I almost hoped to hear": TWH, TWH, p. 167. p. 167.

"Colored men are thrust illegally out of cars in New York": TWH to George Curtis, January 23, 1857, Houghton.

"We the Undersigned": Worcester Disunion Circular, Pamphlets, Houghton.

"It is written in the laws of nature": TWH to LSH, January 21, 1857, Houghton.

It had the salubrious effect: See CY, CY, pp. 207208. pp. 207208.

"swallows a Missourian whole": TWH, "Anti-slavery Festival," Liberator, Liberator, January 16, 1857, p. 1. January 16, 1857, p. 1.

"best Disunion champion you can find": Franklin Sanborn to TWH, September 11 or 28, 1857, Kansas.

"that religious elevation": CY, CY, p. 219. p. 219.

"I long to see you with adequate funds": TWH to John Brown, May 1, 1859, BPL.

"The world has always more respect": TWH to Harriet Beecher Stowe, October 11, 1868, Stowe Center.

As it began in blood: TWH, Liberator, Liberator, May 28, 1858, quoted in May 28, 1858, quoted in Strange Enthusiasm, Strange Enthusiasm, p. 211. See also Von Frank, "John Brown, James Redpath, and the Idea of Revolution" for a discussion of how Higginson's p. 211. See also Von Frank, "John Brown, James Redpath, and the Idea of Revolution" for a discussion of how Higginson's Atlantic Atlantic essays on slave uprisings may have fueled Brown's fire. essays on slave uprisings may have fueled Brown's fire.

"Sanborn,...is there no such thing as honor honor": TWH to Franklin Sanborn, November 17, 1859, BPL.

"Gerrit Smith's insanity-& your letter": TWH to Samuel Gridley Howe, November 15, 1859, BPL.

"I believe John Brown to be the representative man of this century": George Luther Stearns, quoted in Renehan, The Secret Six, The Secret Six, p. 244. p. 244.

Brown's death..."will make the gallows as glorious as the cross": See Robert D. Richardson, Emerson, Emerson, p. 545. p. 545.

"n.o.body was ever more justly hanged": Hawthorne, "Chiefly about War-Matters," p. 54.

"Under a government which imprisons any unjustly": Th.o.r.eau, Civil Disobedience, Civil Disobedience, in in Walden, and Civil Disobedience, Walden, and Civil Disobedience, p. 245. p. 245.

"John Brown is now beyond our reach": TWH, quoted in Strange Enthusiasm, Strange Enthusiasm, p. 231. p. 231.

"What satirists upon religion are those parents": TWH, "Saints and Their Bodies," p. 584.

"These men and women, who have tested their courage": TWH, "Physical Courage," p. 732.

"Would you like an article on the Maroons": TWH to James Russell Lowell, October 23, 1859, Houghton.

"If it be the normal tendency of bondage": TWH, "The Maroons of Surinam," p. 553.

"I began this book on returning": TWH, Field Book, opposite flyleaf, 1885, Houghton.

"In these unsettled days it is perilous": TWH, journal, June 8, 1849, Houghton.

"On other days": TWH to LSH, June 5, 1850, Houghton.

"Th.o.r.eau camps down by Walden Pond": TWH, "My Out-Door Study," collected in Out-Door Papers, Out-Door Papers, p. 305. p. 305.

"The birds are as real and absorbing": TWH, journal, October 30, 1860; "I will trust this b.u.t.terfly": TWH, journal, October 1861, both Houghton.

"I need ask for nothing else": TWH, Field Book, May 20, 1860, Houghton.

"He was the only critic": TWH to LSH, January 29, 1862, Houghton.