Willow.[C] Leaves.

Yellow Camomile. _Anthemis tinctoria._

Yellow Centaury. _Chlora perfoliata._

Yellow Corydal. _Corydalis lutea._

PLANTS WHICH DYE GREEN

Elder. _Sambucus nigra._ Leaves with alum.

Flowering reed. _Phragmites communis._ Flowering tops, with copperas.

Larch. Bark, with alum.

Lily of the valley. _Convalaria majalis._ Leaves.

Nettle. _Urtica dioica_ and _U. Urens._

Privet. _Ligustrum vulgare._ Berries and leaves, with alum.

PLANTS WHICH DYE BROWN

Alder. _Alnus glutinosa._ Bark.

Birch. _Betula alba._ Bark.

Hop. _Humulus lupulus._ Stalks give a brownish red colour.

Onion. Skins.

Larch. Pine needles, collected in Autumn.

Oak. _Quercus Robur._ Bark.

Red currants, with alum.

Walnut. Root and green husks of nut.

Water Lily. _Nymphaea alba._ Root.

Whortleberry. _Vaccinium Myrtillus._ Young shoots, with nut galls.

Dulse. (Seaweed.)

Lichens.

PLANTS WHICH DYE PURPLE

Byrony. _Byronia dioica._ Berries.

Damson. Fruit, with alum.

Dandelion. _Taraxac.u.m Dens-leonis._ Roots.

Danewort. _Sambucus Ebulus._ Berries.

Deadly nightshade. _Atropa Belladonna._

Elder. _Sambucus nigra._ Berries, with alum, a violet; with alum and salt, a lilac colour.

Sundew. _Drosera._

Whortleberry or blaeberry. _Vaccinium myrtillus._ It contains a blue or purple dye which will dye wool and silk without mordant.

PLANTS WHICH DYE BLACK

Alder. _Alnus glutinosa._ Bark, with copperas.

Blackberry. _Rubus fruticosus._ Young shoots, with salts of iron.

Dock. _Rumex._ Root.

Elder. Bark, with copperas.

Iris. _Iris Pseudacorus._ Root.

Meadowsweet. _Spirea Ulmaria._

Oak. Bark and acorns.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote A: "On boiling sloes, their juice becomes red, and the red dye which it imparts to linen changes, when washed with soap, into a bluish colour, which is permanent."]

[Footnote B: "Sawwort, which grows abundantly in meadows, affords a very fine pure yellow with alum mordant, which greatly resembles weld yellow. It is extremely permanent."]

[Footnote C: "The leaves of the sweet willow, _salix pentandra_, gathered at the end of August and dried in the shade, afford, if boiled with about one thirtieth potash, a fine yellow colour to wool, silk and thread, with alum basis. All the 5 species of Erica or heath growing on this island are capable of affording yellow much like those from the dyer's broom; also the bark and shoots of the Lombardy poplar, _populus pyramidalis_. The three leaved h.e.l.lebore, _h.e.l.leborus trifolius_, for dyeing wood yellow, is used in Canada. The seeds of the purple trefoil, lucerne, and fenugreek, the flowers of the French marigold, the camomile, _antemis tinctoria_, the ash, _fraxinus excelsior_, fumitory, _fumaria officinalis_, dye wool yellow." "The American golden rod, _solidago canadensis_, affords a very beautiful yellow to wool, silk and cotton upon an aluminous basis." _Bancroft._]

CHAPTER IV

THE LICHEN DYES