300 . Kershaw, . Kershaw, Hitler Hitler, II. 450 - 57.

301 . Meier-Welcker, . Meier-Welcker, Aufzeichnungen Aufzeichnungen, 145 - 6 (26 December 1941).

302 . Ibid.. . Ibid..

303 . Hu*rter (ed.), . Hu*rter (ed.), Ein deutscher General Ein deutscher General, 131 (letter to wife 22 December 1941); for the frequency of themes such as bad weather, dirt, hunger and disease in soldiers' correspondence, see Humburg, Das Gesicht Das Gesicht, 129 - 170.

304 . Bock, . Bock, Zwischen Pflicht und Verweigerung Zwischen Pflicht und Verweigerung, 353-7 (16-22 December 1941); Hu*rter, Hitlers Heerfu*hrer Hitlers Heerfu*hrer, 310-28 (now superseding all previous accounts of the relations between Hitler and the senior generals in the crisis of December 1941 and January 1942).

305 . Kershaw, . Kershaw, Hitler Hitler, II. 451 - 5.

306 . Reddemann (ed.), . Reddemann (ed.), Zwischen Front und Heimat Zwischen Front und Heimat, 375 (to Agnes, 21 December 1941).

307 . Hu*rter, . Hu*rter, Hitlers Heerfu*hrer Hitlers Heerfu*hrer, 325 - 6.

308 . Weinberg, . Weinberg, A World at Arms A World at Arms, argues repeatedly and convincingly, with many examples, that Hitler was always willing to entertain the idea of a tactical withdrawal. Once he had taken a decision, however, he was temperamentally inclined to try to enforce it as undeviatingly and uncompromisingly as possible.

309 . Hu*rter (ed.), . Hu*rter (ed.), Ein deutscher General Ein deutscher General, 135 (letter to wife, 24 December 1941).

310 . Ibid., 138 (letter to wife 11 January 1942). . Ibid., 138 (letter to wife 11 January 1942).

311 . Halder, . Halder, Kriegstagebuch Kriegstagebuch, III. 373 (3 January 1942).

312 . Hu*rter, . Hu*rter, Hitlers Heerfu*hrer Hitlers Heerfu*hrer, 341 - 2.

313 . Ibid., 328 - 32. . Ibid., 328 - 32.

314 . Ibid., 332. . Ibid., 332.

315 . Ibid., 333 - 7. . Ibid., 333 - 7.

316 . Hu*rter (ed.), . Hu*rter (ed.), Ein deutscher General Ein deutscher General, 140 - 59 (21 January to 25 April 1942).

317 . Brief narrative in Earl Ziemke, 'Moscow, Battle for', in Dear (ed.), . Brief narrative in Earl Ziemke, 'Moscow, Battle for', in Dear (ed.), The Oxford Companion to World War II The Oxford Companion to World War II, 593-5; more detail in Earl F. Ziemke, Moscow to Stalingrad Moscow to Stalingrad (Washington, D.C., 1968). (Washington, D.C., 1968).

318 . Glantz, . Glantz, Barbarossa Barbarossa, 161 - 204; Overmans, Deutsche milita*rische Verluste Deutsche milita*rische Verluste, 239, 266.

319 . Ibid., 238-9. The figures given in Glantz, . Ibid., 238-9. The figures given in Glantz, Barbarossa Barbarossa, 161, at more than twice this number, seem exaggerated.

320 . Weinberg, . Weinberg, A World at Arms A World at Arms, 264.

Chapter 3. ' THE FINAL SOLUTION'.1 . Ernst Klee . Ernst Klee et al et al. (eds.), 'Those Were the Days': The Holocaust as Seen by the Perpetrators and Bystanders 'Those Were the Days': The Holocaust as Seen by the Perpetrators and Bystanders (London, 1991 [1988]), 28 - 33. (London, 1991 [1988]), 28 - 33.

2 . Ibid., 28 - 31. . Ibid., 28 - 31.

3 . Friedla*nder, . Friedla*nder, The Years of Extermination The Years of Extermination, 207, and in more detail, Alfred Streim, 'Zur Ero*ffnung des allgemeinen Judenvernichtungsbefehls gegenu*ber den Einsatzgruppen', in Eberhard Ja*ckel and Ju*rgen Rohwer (eds.), Der Mord an den Juden im Zweiten Weltkrieg: Entschlussbildung und Verwirklichung Der Mord an den Juden im Zweiten Weltkrieg: Entschlussbildung und Verwirklichung (Stuttgart, 1985), 108-19 and Peter Klein (ed.), (Stuttgart, 1985), 108-19 and Peter Klein (ed.), Die Einsatzgruppen in der besetzten Sowjetunion 1941/42: Die Ta*tigkeits- und Lageberichte des Chefs des Sicherheitspolizei und des SD Die Einsatzgruppen in der besetzten Sowjetunion 1941/42: Die Ta*tigkeits- und Lageberichte des Chefs des Sicherheitspolizei und des SD (Berlin, 1997). (Berlin, 1997).

4 . Quoted in Longerich, . Quoted in Longerich, Politik Politik, 324-5, 333-4; Klee et al et al. (eds.), 'Those Were the Days' 'Those Were the Days', 24-7.

5 . Bjo*rn Felder, . Bjo*rn Felder, Lettland im Zweiten Weltkrieg: Zwischen sowjetischen und deutschen Besatzern 1940 - 1946 Lettland im Zweiten Weltkrieg: Zwischen sowjetischen und deutschen Besatzern 1940 - 1946 (Paderborn, 2008). (Paderborn, 2008).

6 . Longerich, . Longerich, Politik Politik, 325 - 6, 333 - 4.

7 . Friedla*nder, . Friedla*nder, The Years of Extermination The Years of Extermination, 219-25; Konrad Kwiet, 'Rehearsing for Murder: The Beginning of the Final Solution in Lithuania in June 1941', Holocaust and Genocide Studies Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 12 (1998), 3-26; Ju*rgen Mattha*us, 'Jenseits der Grenze: Die ersten Massenerschiessungen von Juden in Litauen (Juni-August 1941)', Zeitschrift fu*r Geschichtswissenschaft Zeitschrift fu*r Geschichtswissenschaft , 44 (1996), 97-117; more generally Wolfgang Benz and Marion Neiss (eds.), , 44 (1996), 97-117; more generally Wolfgang Benz and Marion Neiss (eds.), Judenmord in Litauen: Studien und Dokumente Judenmord in Litauen: Studien und Dokumente (Berlin, 1999). (Berlin, 1999).

8 . Reddemann (ed.), . Reddemann (ed.), Zwischen Front und Heimat Zwischen Front und Heimat, 222 (to sister, 25 June 1941).

9 . Quoted in Bernd Boll and Hans Safrian, 'Auf dem Weg nach Stalingrad: Die 6. Armee 1941/42 in Heer and Naumann (eds.), . Quoted in Bernd Boll and Hans Safrian, 'Auf dem Weg nach Stalingrad: Die 6. Armee 1941/42 in Heer and Naumann (eds.), Vernichtungskrieg, Vernichtungskrieg, 260-96, at 271; also quoted in full in Longerich, 260-96, at 271; also quoted in full in Longerich, Politik Politik, 324 - 5.

10 . The diary of one Jew who escaped because his Christian neighbours assured the rampaging soldiers that there were no Jews in the house is reprinted in Aryeh Klonicki and Malwina Klonicki, . The diary of one Jew who escaped because his Christian neighbours assured the rampaging soldiers that there were no Jews in the house is reprinted in Aryeh Klonicki and Malwina Klonicki, The Diary of Adam's Father: The Diary of Aryeh Klonicki (Klonymus) and His Wife Malvina The Diary of Adam's Father: The Diary of Aryeh Klonicki (Klonymus) and His Wife Malvina (Jerusalem, 1973). (Jerusalem, 1973).

11 . Quoted in Longerich, . Quoted in Longerich, Politik Politik, 333, 352-7, 392; account of the movements and killing actions of Task Force A in ibid., 390-94, and Krausnick, Hitlers Einsatzgruppen Hitlers Einsatzgruppen, 151-6.

12 . Browning, . Browning, The Origins The Origins, 255 - 7.

13 . Longerich, . Longerich, Politik Politik, 334-7; the progress of Task Force B is documented in Krausnick, Hitlers Einsatzgruppen Hitlers Einsatzgruppen, 156 - 62.

14 . Ben-Cion Pinchuk, . Ben-Cion Pinchuk, Shtetl Jews under Soviet Rule: Eastern Poland on the Eve of the Holocaust Shtetl Jews under Soviet Rule: Eastern Poland on the Eve of the Holocaust (Oxford, 1990), 117-200. (Oxford, 1990), 117-200.

15 . Pleyer, . Pleyer, Volk im Feld Volk im Feld, 169, 184.

16 . Longerich, . Longerich, Politik Politik, 352 - 6.

17 . Quoted in ibid., 358. See also Andrej Angrick and Dieter Pohl, . Quoted in ibid., 358. See also Andrej Angrick and Dieter Pohl, Einsatzgruppen C and D in the Invasion of the Soviet Union, 1941-1942 Einsatzgruppen C and D in the Invasion of the Soviet Union, 1941-1942 (London, 1999); Klein (ed.), (London, 1999); Klein (ed.), Die Einsatzgruppen Die Einsatzgruppen. English versions of the reports in Yitzhak Arad et al et al. (eds.), The Einsatzgruppen Reports: Selections from the Dispatches of the Nazi Death Squads' Campaign against the Jews, July 1941-January 1943 The Einsatzgruppen Reports: Selections from the Dispatches of the Nazi Death Squads' Campaign against the Jews, July 1941-January 1943 (New York, 1989) (translations not always reliable); and Ogorreck, (New York, 1989) (translations not always reliable); and Ogorreck, Die Einsatzgruppen Die Einsatzgruppen.

18 . For this event, see Evans, . For this event, see Evans, The Third Reich in Power The Third Reich in Power, 621-3.

19 . Longerich, . Longerich, Politik Politik, 337 - 8.

20 . Musial, . Musial, 'Konterrevolutiona*re Elemente' 'Konterrevolutiona*re Elemente', 262-9.

21 . Ibid., 200-248; see also Manoschek (ed.), . Ibid., 200-248; see also Manoschek (ed.), 'Es gibt nur eines' 'Es gibt nur eines', 31 (Gefr. F. B., 3 July 1941), and 51 (Lt. K., 13 February 1942).

22 . Klee . Klee et al et al. (eds.), 'Those Were the Days' 'Those Were the Days', 88 - 91.

23 . Ibid., 91 (5 July 1941). . Ibid., 91 (5 July 1941).

24 . Ibid., 91 (5 July 1941); Musial, . Ibid., 91 (5 July 1941); Musial, 'Konterrevolutiona*re Elemente' 'Konterrevolutiona*re Elemente', 175-99, also for the involvement of German soldiers in the pogroms and massacres in Lemberg and elsewhere, and for the events in Boryslaw; see also Manoschek (ed.), 'Es gibt nur eines' 'Es gibt nur eines', 33 (letter of 6 July 1941).

25 . Berkhoff, . Berkhoff, Harvest of Despair Harvest of Despair, 205 - 31; Longerich, Politik Politik, 337 - 43.

26 . Ibid., 343. . Ibid., 343.

27 . For Task Force C's movements, see Krausnick, . For Task Force C's movements, see Krausnick, Hitlers Einsatzgruppen Hitlers Einsatzgruppen, 162 - 9.

28 . Klee . Klee et al et al. (eds.), 'Those Were the Days' 'Those Were the Days', 96 (12 July 1941).

29 . Ibid., 97 (12 July 1941). . Ibid., 97 (12 July 1941).

30 . Ibid., 101 (22 July 1941), 105 (2 August 1941); also in Longerich, . Ibid., 101 (22 July 1941), 105 (2 August 1941); also in Longerich, Politik Politik, 338 - 9.

31 . Klee . Klee et al et al. (eds.), 'Those Were the Days' 'Those Were the Days', 297-9; Friedlander, The Years of Extermination The Years of Extermination , 246 - 7. , 246 - 7.

32 . Quoted in Latzel, 'Tourismus und Gewalt', 449 - 51. There is now a considerable literature on the value, or otherwise, of field-post letters as an historical source. See for example Humburg, . Quoted in Latzel, 'Tourismus und Gewalt', 449 - 51. There is now a considerable literature on the value, or otherwise, of field-post letters as an historical source. See for example Humburg, Das Gesicht Das Gesicht, 257 - 68.

33 . Quoted in Hu*rter, . Quoted in Hu*rter, Hitlers Heerfu*hrer Hitlers Heerfu*hrer, 443.

34 . Hu*rter (ed.), . Hu*rter (ed.), Ein deutscher General Ein deutscher General, 67 (11 July 1941).

35 . Longerich, . Longerich, Politik Politik, 362.

36 . Quoted in Kershaw, . Quoted in Kershaw, Hitler Hitler, II. 405; Browning, The Origins The Origins, 274, 310; Friedla*nder, The Years of Extermination The Years of Extermination, 200; Longerich, Politik Politik, 362 - 6.

37 . Fritz Baade . Fritz Baade et al et al. (eds.), 'Unsere Ehre heisst Treue': Kriegstagebuch des Kommandostabes Reichsfu*hrer-SS, Ta*tigkeitsberichte der 1. und 2. 33-Infanterie-Brigade, der 1. SS-Kav. Brigade und von Sonderkommandos der SS 'Unsere Ehre heisst Treue': Kriegstagebuch des Kommandostabes Reichsfu*hrer-SS, Ta*tigkeitsberichte der 1. und 2. 33-Infanterie-Brigade, der 1. SS-Kav. Brigade und von Sonderkommandos der SS (Vienna, 1965), 212. (Vienna, 1965), 212.

38 . Ibid., 96. . Ibid., 96.

39 . Ibid., 220 (Bericht 'Pripjet-Aktion'). . Ibid., 220 (Bericht 'Pripjet-Aktion').

40 . Quoted in Klee . Quoted in Klee et al et al. (eds.), 'Those Were the Days' 'Those Were the Days', 66 - 7.

41 . Ibid., 67; Berkhoff, . Ibid., 67; Berkhoff, Harvest of Despair Harvest of Despair, 65 - 9.

42 . Peter Longerich, . Peter Longerich, Der ungeschriebene Befehl: Hitler und der Weg zur 'Endlo*sung' Der ungeschriebene Befehl: Hitler und der Weg zur 'Endlo*sung' (Munich, 2001), 106 - 7. (Munich, 2001), 106 - 7.

43 . Klee . Klee et al et al. (eds.), 'Those Were the Days' 'Those Were the Days', 75 - 86.

44 . Brief account in Friedla*nder, . Brief account in Friedla*nder, The Years of Extermination The Years of Extermination, 282; more detail in Dieter Pohl, 'Hans Kru*ger and the Murder of the Jews in the Stanislawo'w Region (Galicia)', Yad Vashem Studies Yad Vashem Studies, 26 (1998), 257-64; idem, Nationalsozialistische Judenverfolgung in Ostgalizien 1941-1944: Organisation und Durchfu*hrung eines staatlichen Massenverbrechens Nationalsozialistische Judenverfolgung in Ostgalizien 1941-1944: Organisation und Durchfu*hrung eines staatlichen Massenverbrechens (Munich, 1996) esp. 144- 7; Thomas Sandku*hler, (Munich, 1996) esp. 144- 7; Thomas Sandku*hler, 'Endlo*sung' in Galizien: Der Judenmord in Ostpolen und die Rettungsinitiativen von Berthold Beitz, 1941 - 1944 'Endlo*sung' in Galizien: Der Judenmord in Ostpolen und die Rettungsinitiativen von Berthold Beitz, 1941 - 1944 (Bonn, 1996) esp. 150; and Browning, (Bonn, 1996) esp. 150; and Browning, The Origins The Origins, 348 - 50.

45 . Bernd Boll, 'Zloczo'w, Juli 1941: Die Wehrmacht und der Beginn des Holocaust in Galizien', . Bernd Boll, 'Zloczo'w, Juli 1941: Die Wehrmacht und der Beginn des Holocaust in Galizien', Zeitschrift fu*r Geschichtswissenschaft Zeitschrift fu*r Geschichtswissenschaft, 50 (2002), 899 - 917.

46 . Friedla*nder, . Friedla*nder, The Years of Extermination The Years of Extermination, 215-19, documents in Klee et al et al. (eds.), 'Those Were the Days' 'Those Were the Days', 137 - 54.

47 . Quoted in ibid., 151; Groscurth, . Quoted in ibid., 151; Groscurth, Tagebu*cher Tagebu*cher, 534 - 42.

48 . Deletant, . Deletant, Hitler's Forgotten Ally Hitler's Forgotten Ally, 127 - 30; more generally, Andrej Angrick, 'The Escalation of German-Rumanian Anti-Jewish Policy after the Attack on the Soviet Union', Yad Vashem Studies Yad Vashem Studies, 26 (1998), 203 - 38.

49 . Deletant, . Deletant, Hitler's Forgotten Ally Hitler's Forgotten Ally, 102-28 (quote at 116), convincingly countering the less hostile (though in many respects valuable) account by Larry Watts, Romanian Cassandra: Ion Antonescu and the Struggle for Reform, 1916-1941 Romanian Cassandra: Ion Antonescu and the Struggle for Reform, 1916-1941 (Boulder, Colo., 1993). (Boulder, Colo., 1993).

50 . Kurt Erichson (ed.), . Kurt Erichson (ed.), Abschied ist immer: Briefe an den Bruder im Zweiten Weltkrieg Abschied ist immer: Briefe an den Bruder im Zweiten Weltkrieg (Frankfurt am Main, 1994), 25 (letter to brother, 17 July 1941). (Frankfurt am Main, 1994), 25 (letter to brother, 17 July 1941).

51 . See Jean Ancel, . See Jean Ancel, Transnistria Transnistria (3 vols., Bucharest, 1998). (3 vols., Bucharest, 1998).

52 . Deletant, . Deletant, Hitler's Forgotten Ally Hitler's Forgotten Ally, 197.

53 . Ibid., 171-3, with accurate details and figures based on Romanian and German documents (other accounts seem to involve an element of double-counting); more generally, see Alexander Dallin, . Ibid., 171-3, with accurate details and figures based on Romanian and German documents (other accounts seem to involve an element of double-counting); more generally, see Alexander Dallin, Odessa, 1941 - 1944: A Case Study of Soviet Territory under Foreign Rule Odessa, 1941 - 1944: A Case Study of Soviet Territory under Foreign Rule (Iasi, 1998 [1957]) esp. 74 - 5. (Iasi, 1998 [1957]) esp. 74 - 5.

54 . Deletant, . Deletant, Hitler's Forgotten Ally Hitler's Forgotten Ally, 173 - 9.

55 . Ibid., 179-87; Paul A. Shapiro, 'The Jews of Chisinau (Kishinev): Romanian Reoccupation, Ghettoization, Deportation', in Randolph L. Braham (ed.), . Ibid., 179-87; Paul A. Shapiro, 'The Jews of Chisinau (Kishinev): Romanian Reoccupation, Ghettoization, Deportation', in Randolph L. Braham (ed.), The Destruction of Romanian and Ukrainian Jews during the Antonescu Era The Destruction of Romanian and Ukrainian Jews during the Antonescu Era (New York, 1997), 135-94; Dennis Deletant, 'Ghetto Experience in Golta, Transnistria, 1942-1944', (New York, 1997), 135-94; Dennis Deletant, 'Ghetto Experience in Golta, Transnistria, 1942-1944', Holocaust and Genocide Studies Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 18 (2004), 1-26; and Dalia Ofer, 'Life in the Ghettos of Transnistria', Yad Vashem Studies Yad Vashem Studies, 25 (1996), 229-74.

56 . Jean Ancel, 'The Romanian Way of Solving the "Jewish Problem" in Bessarabia and Bukovina: June-July 1941', . Jean Ancel, 'The Romanian Way of Solving the "Jewish Problem" in Bessarabia and Bukovina: June-July 1941', Yad Vashem Studies Yad Vashem Studies, 19 (1988), 187-232; idem, 'The "Christian" Regimes of Romania and the Jews, 1940-1942', Holocaust and Genocide Studies Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 7 (1993), 14-29; Braham (ed.), The Destruction of Romanian and Ukrainian Jews The Destruction of Romanian and Ukrainian Jews; the fullest and most accurate account, convincingly stressing the racist character of these mass murders, is now in Deletant, Hitler's Forgotten Ally Hitler's Forgotten Ally, 130-49 (quote on 141).

57 Friedl*nder, Friedl*nder, The Years of Extermination The Years of Extermination, 225, citing the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania's Final Report of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania, presented to Romanian President Ion Iliescu, 11 November 2004 Final Report of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania, presented to Romanian President Ion Iliescu, 11 November 2004; Deletant, Hitler's Forgotten Ally Hitler's Forgotten Ally, 166-71.

58 Andrej Angrick, Besatzungspolitik und Massenmord: Die Einsatzgruppe D in der s*dlichen Sowjetunion 1941-1943 Andrej Angrick, Besatzungspolitik und Massenmord: Die Einsatzgruppe D in der s*dlichen Sowjetunion 1941-1943 (Hamburg, 2003), 174; Radu Ioanid, (Hamburg, 2003), 174; Radu Ioanid, The Holocaust in Romania: The Destruction of Jews and Gypsies under the Antonescu Regime, 1940-1944 The Holocaust in Romania: The Destruction of Jews and Gypsies under the Antonescu Regime, 1940-1944 (Chicago, 2000), 62-4. (Chicago, 2000), 62-4.

59 . Cited in Longerich, . Cited in Longerich, Politik Politik, 388.

60 Ibid., 388-9; Breitman, Ibid., 388-9; Breitman, The Architect of Genocide The Architect of Genocide, 213-14.

61 . For a detailed itinerary, see Krausnick, . For a detailed itinerary, see Krausnick, Hitlers Einsatzgruppen Hitlers Einsatzgruppen, 169-78; details in Longerich, Politik Politik, 386-90; and Angrick, Besatzungspolitik und Massenmord. Besatzungspolitik und Massenmord.

62 . Krausnick, . Krausnick, Hitlers Einsatzgruppen Hitlers Einsatzgruppen, 118; Dear (ed.), The Oxford Companion to World War II The Oxford Companion to World War II, 1,011-16; Browning, The Origins The Origins, 334-5.

63 . Walter Manoschek, 'Die Vernichtung der Juden in Serbien', in Ulrich Herbert (ed.), . Walter Manoschek, 'Die Vernichtung der Juden in Serbien', in Ulrich Herbert (ed.), Nationalsozialistische Vernichtungspolitik 1939-1945: Neue Forschungen und Kontroversen Nationalsozialistische Vernichtungspolitik 1939-1945: Neue Forschungen und Kontroversen (Frankfurt am Main, 1998), 209-34, at 209-12. (Frankfurt am Main, 1998), 209-34, at 209-12.

64 . Quoted in Paul Hehn, . Quoted in Paul Hehn, The German Struggle against Yugoslav Guerillas in World War II: German Counter-Insurgency in Yugoslavia 1941-1943 The German Struggle against Yugoslav Guerillas in World War II: German Counter-Insurgency in Yugoslavia 1941-1943 (New York, 1979), 28-9; Manoschek, 'Die Vernichtung', 214-15, 220. (New York, 1979), 28-9; Manoschek, 'Die Vernichtung', 214-15, 220.

65 Quoted in Ibid., 216-17. Quoted in Ibid., 216-17.

66 Quoted in Manoschek (ed.), Quoted in Manoschek (ed.), 'Es gibt nur eines' 'Es gibt nur eines', 39 (Lt. P. G., 29 July 1941).

67 . Quoted in Manoschek, 'Die Vernichtung', 216. . Quoted in Manoschek, 'Die Vernichtung', 216.

68 Fr*hlich (ed.), Fr*hlich (ed.), Die Tageb*cher Die Tageb*cher, II/I. 478 (24 September 1941).

69 . Quoted in Browning, . Quoted in Browning, The Origins The Origins, 338.

70 Longerich, Longerich, Politik Politik, 458-9; quotation in Manoschek, 'Die Vernichtung', 222.

71 . Quoted in ibid., 227; for the Gypsies, see ibid., 233, and especially Karola Fings . Quoted in ibid., 227; for the Gypsies, see ibid., 233, and especially Karola Fings et al., '. . . einziges Land, in dem Judenfrage und Zigeunerfrage gel*st': Die Verfolgung der Roma im faschistisch besetzten Jugoslawien 1941-1945 et al., '. . . einziges Land, in dem Judenfrage und Zigeunerfrage gel*st': Die Verfolgung der Roma im faschistisch besetzten Jugoslawien 1941-1945 (Cologne, n.d.). (Cologne, n.d.).

72 . Quoted in Glenny, . Quoted in Glenny, The Balkans The Balkans, 503.

73 . Browning, . Browning, The Origins The Origins, 341.

74 . Quoted in Walter Manoschek, ' "Gehst mit Juden erschiessen?" Die Vernichtung der Juden in Serbien', in Heer and Naumann (eds.), . Quoted in Walter Manoschek, ' "Gehst mit Juden erschiessen?" Die Vernichtung der Juden in Serbien', in Heer and Naumann (eds.), Vernichtungskrieg Vernichtungskrieg, 39-56, at 46.

75 Walter Manoschek, Walter Manoschek, 'Serbien ist judenfrei': Milit*rische Besatzungspolitik und Judenvernichtung in Serbien 1941/42 'Serbien ist judenfrei': Milit*rische Besatzungspolitik und Judenvernichtung in Serbien 1941/42 (Munich, 1993), 155-8. (Munich, 1993), 155-8.

76 . Manfred Messerschmidt, 'Partisanenkrieg auf dem Balkan, Ziele, Methoden, "Rechtfertigung" ', in Loukia Droulia and Hagen Fleischer (eds.), . Manfred Messerschmidt, 'Partisanenkrieg auf dem Balkan, Ziele, Methoden, "Rechtfertigung" ', in Loukia Droulia and Hagen Fleischer (eds.), Von Lidice bis Kalavryta: Widerstand und Besatzungsterror: Studien zur Repressalienpraxis im Zweiten Weltkrieg Von Lidice bis Kalavryta: Widerstand und Besatzungsterror: Studien zur Repressalienpraxis im Zweiten Weltkrieg (Berlin, 1999), 65-91; Walter Manoschek, 'Krajevo - Kragujevac - Kalavryta: Die Massaker der 717. Infanteriedivision bzw. 117. J*gerdivision am Balnak', in ibid., 93-104; idem, 'Partisanenkrieg und Genozid: Die Wehrmacht in Serbien 1941', in idem (ed.), (Berlin, 1999), 65-91; Walter Manoschek, 'Krajevo - Kragujevac - Kalavryta: Die Massaker der 717. Infanteriedivision bzw. 117. J*gerdivision am Balnak', in ibid., 93-104; idem, 'Partisanenkrieg und Genozid: Die Wehrmacht in Serbien 1941', in idem (ed.), Die Wehrmacht im Rassenkrieg: Der Vernichtungskrieg hinter der Front Die Wehrmacht im Rassenkrieg: Der Vernichtungskrieg hinter der Front (Vienna, 1996), 142-67. (Vienna, 1996), 142-67.

77 . Longerich, . Longerich, Politik Politik, 405-10; Hannes Heer, 'Killing Fields: Die Wehrmacht und der Holocaust', in idem and Naumann (eds.), Vernichtungskrieg Vernichtungskrieg, 57-77.

78 . Longerich, . Longerich, Politik Politik, 418.

79 Browning, Browning, The Origins The Origins, 309-11.