=Guines, Modiste.= =Ch= Recollet, 115.

=Guise, Captain.= =D= His voyage to North-West Coast for sea-otter, 22.

=Gunn, Donald= (1797-1878). Born in Falkirk, Scotland. Entered the service of the Hudson's Bay Company, 1813. Left the service, 1823, but continued to reside in the Red River Settlement. Appointed one of the judges of the Court of Petty Sessions, and for a time president of the Court. Appointed a member of the Legislative Council of Manitoba, 1870.

=Bib.=: Begg, _History of the North-West_.

=Gurnett, George.= =Mc= Brought to the bar, 152; editor of the _Courier_, 165; style of, 165.

=Guyard, Marie.= _See_ Marie de l'Incarnation.

=Guyon, Jean.= =Ch= Mason, accompanies Robert Giffard to Canada, 252.

=Guyon, Jean.= =L= Canadian priest, accompanies Laval to France, 199; death of, 219.

=Gwillim, Elizabeth Posthuma.= =S= Married to Simcoe, 40; descent and characteristics, 40.

=Habeas Corpus Act.= =Hd= Not in operation in Haldimand's time, 275; demanded by Du Calvet, 291. =Bib.=: Shortt and Doughty, _Const.i.tutional Doc.u.ments relating to Canada_; _Dict. Eng. Hist._

=Habitants.= The peasants of Quebec. =Index=: =Dr= More independent than peasantry of France, 12; raised to dignity of jurymen, 40; their objection to juries, 68. =WM= Superior to peasantry of France, 23. =C= Home life and hospitality, 118-119. =Bib.=: Greenough, _Canadian Folk-Life_; Frechette, _Christmas in French Canada_; Morgan and Burpee, _Canadian Life in Town and Country_; Fiske, _New France and New England_; Lambert, _Travels in Canada_.

=Habitation de Quebec.= The first building in Quebec. Erected by Champlain, 1608. Stood about where the church of Notre Dame des Victoires stands to-day. An ill.u.s.tration of the _Habitation_ is in Champlain's _Voyages_. _See also_ Chateau St. Louis. =Index=: =Ch= Constructed by Champlain, 41; description of, 44. =Bib.=: Champlain, _Voyages_; Douglas, _Old France in the New World_.

=Hagarty, Sir John Hawkins= (1816-1900). Born in Dublin. Educated at Trinity College there. Came to Canada, 1834. Studied law, and called to the bar of Upper Canada, 1840. Appointed puisne judge of the Court of Common Pleas, 1856; transferred to the Court of Queen's Bench, 1862; appointed chief-justice of the Court of Common Pleas, 1868; chief-justice of the Court of Queen's Bench, 1878; chief-justice of Ontario, 1884. Served as administrator of the province, 1882. Retired from the bench, 1897. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._; Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Hagerman, Christopher Alexander= (1792-1847). Born in Adolphustown, Ontario. Educated at Kingston; studied law and called to the bar of Upper Canada, 1815. Served during the War of 1812-1814 with the militia, being for a time aide-de-camp to the governor-general. Collector of customs at Kingston, and member of the Executive Council, 1815. Elected a member of the a.s.sembly, 1819. Appointed temporarily judge of the King's Bench, 1828; solicitor-general, 1829. Removed from office by the colonial secretary on the representations of William Lyon Mackenzie; subsequently restored. Appointed attorney-general, 1837; puisne judge of the Court of Queen's Bench, 1840. =Index=: =Mc= Solicitor-general, accuses Mackenzie of libel, 208; dismissed from office, 232; goes to England, 233; restored to office, 234; threatens House with vengeance of troops, 298. =Sy= Attorney-general, opposes union of provinces, 207, 208; made judge, 252. =BL= Brands Mackenzie as "a reptile unworthy of the notice of any gentleman," 15; removed from office of solicitor-general, 15; restored, 16; succeeded in 1840 by Draper, 77.

=Bib.=: Kingsford, _History of Canada_; Dent, _Upper Canadian Rebellion_ and _Last Forty Years_; Read, _Lives of the Judges_.

=Halard, Jacques.= =Ch= Brings out stores for De Caen, 136.

=Haldemans of Pennsylvania.= =Hd= Cousins of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 87, 343.

=Haldimand, Antoine Francois.= =Hd= Nephew of Sir Frederick Haldimand, settled in England, 72, 88, 105; goes bail for his uncle, 311; very successful in business. 311; his intimate relations with his uncle, 312, 332, 338, 341, 342.

=Haldimand, Barthelemi.= =Hd= Uncle of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 2; a philanthropic fighting Calvinist, 2.

=Haldimand, Bertrand.= =Hd= Nephew of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 311, 340.

=Haldimand, Francois-Lois.= =Hd= Father of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 2.

=Haldimand, Francois-Louis.= =Hd= Brother of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 2, 312, 343.

=Haldimand, Sir Frederick= (1718-1791). =Hd= Descent and birth, 1-3; antagonism to French nation, 3; joins Prussian army, 3; previous military service, 5; present at battle of Mollwitz, 6; his admiration for the king of Prussia, 6; recommended to command of second battalion, Royal American regiment, 9; stationed at Philadelphia, 11; sent to Albany and afterwards to southern colonies to recruit, 13; but slightly acquainted with the English language, 15; popular in the military profession, 15; resemblance to George Washington, 15; exchanges to fourth battalion of Royal Americans, 17; joins expedition against Canada, 17; wounded at Ticonderoga (Carillon), 21; in correspondence with General Gage, 22, 23; in command at Fort Edward, 22; marches to Oswego, 25; repulses attack of French under La Corne de St. Luc, 26; yields precedence at Niagara to Sir W. Johnson, 27; returns to Oswego, 27; builds block-houses, 32; makes vegetable gardens for benefit of his troops, 33; joins in attack on Fort de Levis, 36; ordered to take possession of one of the gates of Montreal, 38; demands the French flags, 39; remains two years at Montreal under Gage, 40; succeeds Burton at Three Rivers, 42; promoted to rank of colonel in British army, 42; becomes British subject, 42; divides government of Three Rivers into four districts, 43; his proclamations, 45; his relations with Murray, 49; with his nephew, 50; his land purchases, 50, 51; on Burton's return to Montreal, 53; again at Three Rivers, 53; suppresses irregular trading with Indians, 54; difficulties of his position, 60; obtains leave of absence and visits England, 61; transferred to Florida, 63; unpleasant relations with Governor Johnstone, 65, 73; improves conditions for the troops, 66-69; lays out gardens, 71; tries to promote agriculture among Indian tribes, 72; surveys Mobile River and Bay, 77, 78; transferred to St. Augustine, 78; his farm of _Mon Plaisir_, 78; sent back to Pensacola, 80; his position pecuniarily burdensome, 82, 87; made major and placed in command at New York, 83; his att.i.tude in relation to colonial trouble, 84, 85; visits relatives in Pennsylvania, 87; relations with Governor Tryon, 89; his views on employment of troops in Indian and civil disturbances, 89, 90, 92; foresees civil war, 98; summoned by Gage to Boston, 102; his property in New York stolen or destroyed, 103; recalled to England, 105; his reception there, 106; made inspector-general of forces in West Indies, and raised to rank of general in America and lieutenant-general in the army, 107; receives 3000 to cover past outlays, 107; appointed governor of Canada, in succession to Carleton, 113; visits Yverdun, 113, 116; his reception at Quebec, and at Montreal, 117, 119; receives news of a treaty between France, Spain, and the revolted colonies, 124; fortifies post on Carleton Island, 124; his distrust of French-Canadians, 127, 128; issues letters of marque, 130; improves mail service with England, 131; his report to Lord George Germaine, 132-143; his policy with the Indians, 147, 259; opens letter addressed by Guy Johnson to Germaine, 155; reprimanded, 156; his efforts to keep peace between rival officers, 157-159; prohibited trading by officials, 162; on the value of Indian allies, 164; negotiates with Washington for Henry Hamilton's release from prison, 169; his later opinion of Indians in battle, 170; disapproves the savagery of Butler's Indians, 170; suspends Allsopp, member of Council, for sedition, 175; surrounded by spies, 175; disagreements with Council, 176-178; prohibits exportation of grain, 177; befriends Ursuline nuns, 179; his rules of conduct, 179; sends back two priests from France, 181; strengthens fortifications of Quebec, 183; causes ca.n.a.ls to be made at Coteau du Lac and Cascades, 185; visit to Montreal and benefactions to its inst.i.tutions, 186; greatly mortified by despatch hinting that, in case of extreme danger, Carleton might be sent to take command, 188; desires to resign his post, 189; concerned at sympathy of leading French-Canadians with the French in the war, 190; takes census, 190; founds library at Quebec, 190; exercises a certain censorship of press, 191; his proclamations, 192; consents to remain in Canada till conclusion of peace, 194; his cautious att.i.tude in connection with the Vermont question, 200, 208, 211, 212; breaks off negotiations, 217; his instructions regarding vaccination, 230; exercises fatherly care over his officers, 236; his opinion of Canadian horses, 245; his resemblance in character to Washington, 250; receives Baron Steuben at Sorel, 259; declines to surrender western forts, 260; a.s.sists the North West Company, 261; his advice to home government respecting western posts, 262; opposed to idea of military settlement in eastern townships, 264; efforts on behalf of Loyalists, 265; the founder of Ontario, 271; his unpopularity, 273; has to grapple with treasonable intrigues, 273-282; admissions in his favour by French-Canadian authorities, 291, 292; the kindness of his disposition, 293-296; G.o.dfather to two of Baron Riedesel's children, 296, 299; his physical ailments, 299; his garden at Quebec, 299; his regard for the Riedesels, 299-304; his departure from Canada, 309; arrested at suit of Du Calvet, 310; bailed by his nephew, 311; receives Order of the Bath, 313, 322; promoted to be general in America, 313; his papers in the Archives in Ottawa, 319; Dr. Brymner's opinion of, 320; his diary, 321; the king's high regard for him, 321, 322; the queen's, 322, 336; characteristics, 323-329; his opinion of Lord Amherst, 326; on friendly terms with Lord Sydney, 326; his hospitality to Canadians, 327; meets Sir Guy Carleton, in London, 330; his opinions of various persons, 332, 333; notes from his diary, 333-340; poor opinion of the French, 335; goes to Switzerland, 336; returns to London, 337; his death, 340; his will, 340-343; memorial tablet to, in Westminster Abbey, 346; his devotion to British interests, 347. =Bk= His able administration of the government of Canada, 37; first ca.n.a.ls made under his orders, 48. =Dr= His valuable papers, 7; news received of his appointment as governor, 183; his unwillingness to accept post, 183; arrival of, 189; exchange of prisoners made by, 207. =E= Constructs St. Lawrence ca.n.a.ls, 97. =Bib.=: Kingsford, _History of Canada_; Lucas, _History of Canada_; Bradley, _The Making of Canada_; _Dict. Nat. Biog._; _Haldimand Papers_ (Canadian Archives).

=Haldimand, Frederick.= =Hd= Nephew of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 17; serves in his uncle's battalion, 49; runs into debt, 50; drowned, 61, 294; Haldimand's affection for, 62.

=Haldimand, Henry.= =Hd= Nephew of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 311; his death, 312.

=Haldimand, Honnete Gaspard.= =Hd= Grandfather of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 2, 17, 72, 311.

=Haldimand, Jean Abraham.= =Hd= Younger brother of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 2, 17, 72, 88, 311.

=Haldimand, Jean-Lois.= =Hd= Uncle of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 2, 4.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Halifax and Harbour from Dartmouth about 1760 Drawn on the spot by Richard Short]

=Haldimand, Justine.= =Hd= Sister of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 3; death of, 338.

=Haldimand, Louis.= =Hd= Nephew of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 88; his arrival and reception in Boston, 109; promoted, 110, 294; his debts, 312.

=Haldimand, Pierre.= =Hd= Nephew of Sir Frederick Haldimand, joins him in Florida, 72; placed in charge of seigniory of Pabos, 73, 111; appointed ranger of the woods, 294; death of, 294.

=Haldimand, William.= =Hd= Grand-nephew of Sir Frederick Haldimand; and director of Bank of England, 343.

=Haldimand Papers.= =Hd= In Canadian Archives, 319, 320.

=Haliburton, Thomas Chandler= (1796-1865). Born at Windsor, Nova Scotia.

Educated at the Grammar School and at King's College there. Called to the bar and practised for a time at Annapolis. Represented the county of Annapolis in the Nova Scotia Legislature, and in 1829 appointed district judge of the Court of Common Pleas. In 1841 transferred to the Supreme Court. Resigned in 1856, and removed to England, where three years later, entered Parliament as member for Launceston. Died at his home, Gordon House, on the Thames. =Index=: =H= Contributes to _Nova Scotian_, 9; his _History of Nova Scotia_ published by Joseph Howe, a financial failure, 10; friendship for Howe, 10; sails for England with Howe, 267; Howe's poetical toast to, 267-268. =Md= Advocates Confederation, 96.

=Bib.=: Works: _An Historical and Statistical Account of Nova Scotia_; _The Clockmaker, or The Sayings and Doings of Samuel Slick of Slickville_; _Bubbles of Canada_; _Reply to the Report of the Earl of Durham_; _Letter-bag of the Great Western, or Life in a Steamer_; _Attache, or Sam Slick in England_; _Old Judge, or Life in a Colony_; _English in America_; _Traits of American Humour_; _Wise Saws and Modern Instances_; _Americans at Home_; _Nature and Human Nature_; _Address on the Present Condition, Resources, and Prospects of British North America_; _Season Ticket_. Brief biographies are found in _Dict. Nat.

Biog._; Morgan, _Bib. Can._; Allibone, _Dict. Eng. Lit._; Calnek and Savery, _History of the County of Annapolis_; Chasles, _etudes sur Litterature des Anglo-Americains_; Crofton, _Haliburton: a Centenary Chaplet_. _See also_ last-mentioned volume for a bibliography of the various editions of his works and a list of articles, in books and magazines, on the man and his works; _also_ A. H. O'Brien's exhaustive bibliography, in R. S. C., _Trans._, 1909.

=Halifax.= A seaport, and the capital of Nova Scotia; founded in 1749 and named after the Earl of Halifax, then president of the Board of Trade. The first settlers were brought out from England in that year by Governor Cornwallis, in thirteen transports; following year made the capital of the province (then including New Brunswick), instead of Annapolis; in 1842 incorporated as a city; became, with its fortifications, observatory stations, harbour mines, etc., one of the fortresses of the Empire and the chief British naval station in North America; garrisoned by Imperial troops until 1905, when they were withdrawn and replaced by a Canadian garrison. =Index=: =H= Birthplace of Joseph Howe, 1; the North-West Arm, 1; Melville Island, 5; newspapers (_see_ _Chronicle_; _Acadian_; _Nova Scotian_); munic.i.p.al government in, in 1835, 20; Howe's trial for libelling magistrates of the city, 21, 29; represented by Howe and Annand, 1836, 29; bill for incorporation of, 69; Howe re-elected for, 73; James MacNab elected for, 106; railway communication with Windsor, 118. =Bib.=: MacMechan, _Halifax in Books_, a collection of pen-pictures of Halifax and its people by many writers from Edmund Burke to Rudyard Kipling, and including Marsden, _Narrative_; Tom Moore, _Letters_; McGregor, _Maritime Colonies of British America_; Moorsom, _Letters from Nova Scotia_; Sleigh, _Pine Forests_; Mrs. Williams, _Neutral French_; Marryat, _Frank Mildmay_; d.i.c.kens, _American Notes_; Johnston, _Notes on North America_; Cozzens, _Acadia_; Sladen, _On the Cars and Off_; Haliburton, _Nova Scotia_; Thomas B. Akins, _History of Halifax_ (Nova Scotia Hist. Soc. _Trans._, vol. 8); Mackay, _Sketch of City of Halifax_, in _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 5; Regan, _Sketches and Traditions of the North-West Arm_; _Selections from the Public Doc.u.ments of Nova Scotia_, ed. by Akins.

=Halifax Award.= The treaty of Washington having provided for a commission, to settle the compensation due Canada by the United States for the use of her fisheries, in 1877 the United States appointed E.H.

Kellogg, Canada appointed Sir Alexander Galt, and these two agreed upon M. Delfosse, Belgian minister to Washington, as a third. The commission met at Halifax, and after long and careful deliberation, decided that Canada should be paid $5,500,000, the American commissioner protesting.

The award was paid, after some delay. _See_ Washington, Treaty of.

=Bib.=: _Record of the Proceedings of the Halifax Fisheries Commission_, 1877.

=Hall, Major George D.= =Sy= Appointed military secretary and aide-de-camp, 152.

=Halliburton, Sir Brenton= (1773-1860). =H= Chief-justice, of Nova Scotia, presides at trial of Joseph Howe for libel, 24; contest for his office, 168; his son challenges Howe, because of supposed insulting references to the father, 236. =Bib.=: Hill, _Memoir of Sir Brenton Halliburton_; Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_.

=Halliburton, John Croke= (1806-1884). Eldest son of Sir Brenton Halliburton, chief-justice of Nova Scotia. Called to the bar, 1829; appointed deputy-clerk of the Legislative Council, 1830, and clerk, 1838. In early life challenged Joseph Howe to a duel, but neither of the duellists injured. =Index=: =H= Challenges Joseph Howe, 236; the duel, 236-244.

=Haly, Sir William O'Grady= (1811-1878). Entered the army, 1828. Served with distinction in the Crimea and in India. Created K.C.B., 1855.

Appointed commander-in-chief of the forces in British North America, 1873. Acted as administrator of the government of Canada during the absence of Lord Dufferin, 1875. Attained the rank of general, 1877. Died in Halifax.

=Hamilton.= City of Ontario, on Burlington Bay, west end of Lake Ontario. Laid out and settled, 1813, by George Hamilton, from whom it takes its name. =Index=: =BL= Early munic.i.p.al government of, 298, 300.

=Bib.=: Lovell, _Gazetteer_.

=Hamilton, Alexander= (1757-1804). American statesman. =Index=: =Dr= Anxious to keep on good terms with Britain, 286; Talleyrand's opinion of, 287. =Bib.=: Hamilton, _Life of Alexander Hamilton_. For further biog., and bibliog. of works by and of him, _see Cyc. Am. Biog._ and _Lit. Am. Hist._

=Hamilton, John= (1801-1882). Born in Queenston, Ontario. Removed to Kingston, 1840. Throughout his life largely interested in inland navigation, and the first to introduce iron vessels on Canadian waters.

Sat in the Legislative Council of Upper Canada, 1831-1841; in the Legislative Council of Canada, 1841-1867; and in the Senate from 1867 until his death. On the completion of his fiftieth year of continuous service in the Upper Chamber, presented with an address of congratulation by his fellow-senators.

=Hamilton, Henry.= Lieutenant-governor of Detroit during Revolutionary War; captured at Vincennes, 1779, and imprisoned. Retired from the army, 1783; lieutenant-governor of Quebec, 1784-1785; governor of Bermuda, 1790-1794. Died in Antigua, 1796. =Index=: =Hd= Governor of Detroit, occupies Vincennes on Wabash, 167; captured and imprisoned by Americans, 168; made lieutenant-governor of Quebec, 314. Died, 1796.

=Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._; Shortt and Doughty, _Const.i.tutional Doc.u.ments of Canada_.

=Hamilton, Paul= (1762-1816). =Bk= United States secretary of the navy, 173. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._