=Gaudais-Dupont, Louis.= =L= Comes out as royal commissioner to take over Canada from Company of New France, 41.

=Gaufestre, Jean.= =Ch= Recollet, returns to France, 209.

=Gavazzi Riots.= =E= Father Gavazzi's lectures, 124; cause riots in Quebec and Montreal, 124-125; Clear Grits attack Hincks and the government for failure to suppress riots, 125. =Bib.=: Gavazzi, _Lectures and Life_; Dent, _Last Forty Years_; Hincks, _Reminiscences_.

=Gazette (Halifax).= Established 1752. First newspaper published in what is now the Dominion of Canada. =Bib.=: Wallis, _Hist. Sketch of Can.

Journalism_ in _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 5.

=Gazette (Montreal).= Established 1778. =Index=: =C= Denounces ministerial responsibility, 97. =Hd= Establishment of, 276. =BL= Denounces La Fontaine-Baldwin government, 140. =Bk= Editor of, arrested by order of the Legislative a.s.sembly, 93. =Mc= Mackenzie's obituary in, 514. =Bib.=: Wallis, _Hist. Sketch of Can. Journalism_ in _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 5.

=Gazette (Quebec).= Established 1764. =Index=: =Hd= First newspaper printed in Quebec, 190; its news columns censored, 191; publishes letters contained in an intercepted rebel mail, 225; advertis.e.m.e.nts in, 231-242; articles on moral themes, 246. =Sy= Its opposition to union of the provinces, 194, 211, 212. =Bk= Falls under displeasure of Legislative a.s.sembly, 93. =Bib.=: Wallis, _Hist. Sketch of Can.

Journalism_ in _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 5.

=Gazette (Toronto).= =Mc= Mackenzie's newspaper, first published May 12, 1838, 433; last issue, 461. =Bib.=: Dent, _Upper Canadian Rebellion_.

=General Election=, 1841. =Sy= Rioting in connection with, 290, 291; result of, 291.

=Genest, Edmond Charles= (1765-1834). =Dr= Minister of France to the United States, 272; his intrigues in Canada, 273, 274. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am.

Biog._

=Genevay, Jean Francois Louis.= =Hd= French secretary to Haldimand, 305; receives bequest from Haldimand, 342; his tomb, 346.

=Geological Survey.= First suggested by Dr. Rae, in 1832. W. E.

(afterwards _Sir_) Logan was appointed provincial geologist, 1842, and, the government having decided to carry out a geological survey of the province, he took charge of the work the following year. The establishment of the survey was largely the result of pet.i.tions presented by the Natural History Society of Montreal, and the Quebec Literary and Historical Society. The first report was for the year 1843.

Twenty years later, the reports 1843-1863 were summarized in a volume of 983 pages, _Geology of Canada_. The periods 1863-1866 and 1866-1869 were each covered in a single report. Thereafter, annual volumes were published. Two general indexes have been issued, one for the reports 1863-1884, and the second for 1885-1906.

=George IV= (1762-1830). King of England, son of George III and the Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. In 1795 married the Princess Caroline of Brunswick. In 1811 regent, and in 1820 succeeded George III.

=Index=: =W= Grants charter to King's College, Fredericton, 49. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=George, Sir Rupert D.= =H= Provincial secretary of Nova Scotia, 57; dismissed from office, 111; challenges Joseph Howe to a duel, 244.

=Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_.

=Georgian Bay.= An arm of Lake Huron. Discovered by Joseph Le Caron, a Franciscan, 1615. Champlain reached the sh.o.r.es of the bay the same year.

=Index=: =Ch= Champlain crosses, 88.

=Germain, Charles.= Appointed missionary to the Abnaki Indians on the St. John River, 1845. Authorized agent of the government at Quebec for the purpose of destroying British supremacy in Acadia. a.s.sisted De Ramezay in his plans for the attack on Mines, 1747. Removed to Miramichi, 1757. After the fall of Quebec, took up the cause of the British. Received a pension of 50 a year from the government at Halifax, 1761. Retired to Quebec, taking with him a number of Indian families. Died, 1779. =Bib.=: _Selections from the Public Doc.u.ments of Nova Scotia_, ed. by Akins.

=Germain, Lord George.= _See_ Sackville.

=German and Swiss Colonists.= =Hd= In America, scheme to enroll, 9.

=German Troops.= =Hd= Commanded by Riedesel, 114; not adapted to work required of them, 126, 136; reorganization of, 141; Haldimand not satisfied with, 141; some settle near Cataraqui, 265; leave Canada, 293, 296.

=Germans and Dutch.= =Dr= Large admixture of, among United Empire Loyalists, 240.

=Gerris, Sarah.= =F= Captured at Fort Loyal, exchanged for one of Phipps's prisoners, 303.

=Gerry, Elbridge= (1744-1814). American statesman. =Index=: =Bk= Governor of Ma.s.sachusetts, 172. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Gerrymander.= _See_ Redistribution Bill.

=Gibault, Pere.= =Hd= Absolves French of the west from their allegiance to Britain, 167.

=Gibbs, Thomas Nicholson= (1821-1883). Born in Terrebonne, Quebec.

Engaged in business pursuits at Oshawa. Defeated for election to the a.s.sembly for South Ontario, 1854, but successful, 1865. Elected to represent South Ontario in the House of Commons, 1867, the defeated candidate being George Brown. Secretary of state and minister of inland revenue in the government of Sir John A. Macdonald, 1873. Appointed to the senate, 1880.

=Gibson, David.= =Mc= Organizes shooting matches, 342; rebels meet at his house, 360; opposes advance on Toronto, 362; his house burned, 375; objects to Mackenzie's plans, 376; escapes, 380. =Bib.=: Dent, _Upper Canadian Rebellion_.

=Gibson, John Morrison= (1842- ). Educated at the University of Toronto; studied law and called to the bar of Ontario, 1867. Elected to the Ontario a.s.sembly for Hamilton, 1879; provincial secretary, 1889; commissioner of crown lands, 1896; attorney-general, 1889-1905; lieutenant-governor of Ontario, 1908. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Giffard, Robert.= First seignior in New France. Mentioned at Quebec in 1627; returned to France, 1629; established at his Beauport seigneury, 1634; a member of the Council, 1646; syndic of Quebec, 1648; gave his St. Gabriel property to the Jesuits, 1667. =Index=: =Ch= Landed with his family by Kirke on St. Pierre Island, 174; comes to Canada with forty colonists, 250; receives grant of land near Beauport, 251. =Bib.=: Douglas, _Old France in the New World_.

=Gilbert, Thomas.= =W= Member for Queens, New Brunswick, an advocate of old-time Toryism, 96. =T= Proposes to convert King's College into agricultural school, 20, 21; his bill defeated, 91.

=Gillam, Benjamin.= Son of following. Commanded a trading expedition from Boston to Hudson Bay in 1683, and built a fort some miles up the Nelson River. Pierre Radisson captured the fort, and carried Gillam a prisoner to Quebec, where he was promptly released by the governor.

Sailed for Boston, and arrested on behalf of the Hudson's Bay Company for poaching in their territory. Seems to have turned pirate a year or two later; captured at Boston, carried to England with Captain Kidd, who had been arrested at the same time, and hanged with his fellow pirate.

=Bib.=: Laut, _Conquest of the Great North-West_.

=Gillam, Zachariah.= A New England skipper, sent out in 1668 by Prince Rupert and his a.s.sociates, to Hudson Bay, in command of the _Nonsuch_, on a voyage of exploration and trade. Medard Chouart (_q.v._) sailed with him, while Pierre Radisson (_q.v._) followed, in 1669, in the _Waveno_. Gillam's journal of the voyage is quoted in Joseph Robson's _Hudson's Bay_. Made several subsequent voyages to the bay, on behalf of the Hudson's Bay Company. In 1684 his ship crushed in the ice at the mouth of Nelson River, and he and several of the crew perished. =Bib.=: Robson, _Account of Six Years' Residence in Hudson's Bay_; Laut, _Conquest of the Great North-West_; Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_; Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_.

=Gillmor, A. H.= =T= Provincial secretary in Smith ministry, New Brunswick, 91; a strong Liberal, 91.

=Gilmore, George.= =Hd= School teacher at St. Johns, 235.

=Ginseng.= =Hd= Gathered by Jesuits, for shipment to China, 148; brought $5 a pound, 148; Indians engaged in trade, 148.

=Gipps, Sir George= (1791-1847). Born at Ringwould, England. Educated at King's School, Canterbury, and at the Military Academy, Woolwich.

Entered the army, 1809; served throughout the Peninsular War; employed in the West Indies, 1824-1829; appointed private secretary to the first lord of the Admiralty, 1834; sent to Canada as commissioner, together with Lord Gosford and Sir Charles Grey, to attempt to allay prevailing discontent, 1835; knighted, 1835; governor of New South Wales, 1836-1846. =Index=: =P= Royal commissioner sent to Canada with Lord Gosford and Sir Charles Grey, in 1835, 111. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Lang, _New South Wales_.

=Girouard, Desire= (1836- ). Born at St. Timothee, Quebec. Educated at Montreal College; studied law and called to the bar of Lower Canada. For some years sat in the House of Commons. Appointed judge of Supreme Court of Canada, 1895. =Index=: =F= On loss of life in ma.s.sacre of Lachine, 224; at La Chesnaye and other places, 226. =Bib.=: _Lake St. Louis and Cavelier de la Salle._ For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Cyc. Am.

Biog._; _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Girouard, John Joseph= (1795-1855). Born in Quebec. Studied law, and called to the bar of Lower Canada, 1816. Elected to the a.s.sembly, 1830; a strong supporter of Papineau; took an active part in the Rebellion of 1837-1838; imprisoned at Montreal for six months. Resumed the practice of law. Offered a portfolio on the La Fontaine-Baldwin administration, but refused to accept office; took no further part in public life.

=Index=: =BL= a.s.sociated with La Fontaine in const.i.tutional agitation in Lower Canada, 49; commissionership of crown lands promised to, 124; declines appointment, 134; referred to as a rebel in _Transcript_, 141; attacked by Tory press, 150. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._; Christie, _History of Lower Canada_.

=Gisborne, Frederick Newton= (1824-1892). Came to Canada from England in 1845. Joined the staff of the British North American Electric Telegraph a.s.sociation, 1847, and became general manager. In 1852, laid the first submarine cable in America, joining New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island; and in 1856, laid another to Newfoundland. Conceived the idea of connecting Europe and America by a submarine cable, and succeeded in enlisting the interest of Cyrus W. Field. The cable finally completed, 1858. Appointed superintendent of the Dominion government telegraph and signal service, 1879. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Giscome Portage.= Leading from the Parsnip River to the Fraser, in northern British Columbia. Named by an independent trader, Peter Dunlevy, after his cook, about the year 1873. Both Mackenzie and Simon Fraser crossed from the Parsnip to the Fraser, the former in 1793, and the latter in 1806, but neither went by way of Giscome Portage, which was not discovered until some years later. =Bib.=: Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_.

=Givins, James.= =Bk= Appointed aide-de-camp, 247.

=Gladstone, William Ewart= (1809-1898). British statesman. =Index=: =Sy= Elected to Parliament for Newark, 22; defeated at Manchester, 48. =E= His opinion of Lord Elgin, 7, 78; sympathy for Confederate States, 202.

=B= Defends free trade policy, 31; not in favour of Intercolonial Railway, 143; on committee to discuss Confederation and defences of Canada, 186. =BL= His speech on Rebellion Losses Bill, 326-327, 328; his interview with Hincks, 328. =Md= Opposes Rebellion Losses Bill, 41; withdraws claim against United States on account of Fenian Raids, 176-177. =T= Insists on sinking fund for Intercolonial scheme, 57.

=Bib.=: Works: _The State in its Relations with the Church_; _Gleanings from Past Years_. For biog., _see_ Morley, _The Life of William Ewart Gladstone_; _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Gladwin, Henry.= Joined the army, 1753; took part in the expedition under Braddock; promoted to rank of major, 1759; in command at Detroit during siege by Pontiac; served throughout the American Revolutionary War; major-general, 1782. Died in England, 1791. =Index=: =Dr= Defence of Detroit by, in Pontiac's War, 5. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Conspiracy of Pontiac_; Moor, _The Gladwin Ma.n.u.scripts_; _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Glandelet, Abbe Charles.= =L= Accompanies Laval to Canada, 141; theologist of chapter of Quebec, 197. =F= Preaches against theatre, 336.