This new palace at Chalah was built by Esarhaddon in the south-west corner of the terrace on which rise the royal fortresses of this city, to the west of the building of Tiglath Pilesar II. In extent it comes nearest to the palace of a.s.surnasirpal in the north-west corner (II.

311). But it was not completed, though Esarhaddon did not hesitate to take the reliefs from the palace of Tiglath Pilesar and use them for his new building (p. 14). A broad staircase leads to the south front, to a double portico guarded by lions and sphinxes. The sphinxes are rec.u.mbent lion-bodies, with wings; the human head bears the a.s.syrian tiara surrounded by horns. These forms, not elsewhere found in Syria, prove a certain imitation of Egyptian models, which the a.s.syrians must have become first acquainted with on the Nile.[354]

FOOTNOTES:

[314] G. Smith, "a.s.syr. Canon," p. 139. The fragment must speak of events subsequent to the year 691 B.C., since the cylinder Taylor, which dates from this year, does not mention this war.

[315] Above, p. 11.

[316] E. Schrader, "K. A. T.," s. 227.

[317] G. Smith, "a.s.surbanipal," p. 207, 247. Menant, "Annal." p. 291.

[318] _e.g._ Nebbi Yunus in Menant, _loc. cit._ p. 233.

[319] Nebbi Yunus in Menant, p. 231.

[320] Alexander and Abydenus in Euseb. "Chron." I. p. 27, 35, ed.

Schone. For templum Atheniensium, it is obvious that we must read Anchialensium.

[321] Private doc.u.ments from the reign of Sennacherib on the sale of houses, vineyards, slaves, debts, are in existence from the years 699, 695, 694, 692, 687, 683, Oppert et Menant, "Doc. juridiq." p. 169 ff.

[322] Kings xix. 37. The statement of Josephus ("Antiq." 10, i. 5) rests only on this pa.s.sage. In calling Adramelechus and Saraserus the elder sons of Sennacherib, and representing them as fleeing before the a.s.syrians to Armenia, he can scarcely have any other authority than this pa.s.sage, although immediately before he quotes a pa.s.sage of Berosus.

[323] Bizana is a conjecture of Von Gutschmid for in Byzantinorum urbem.

[324] G. Smith, "a.s.syr. Canon," p. 39.

[325] Sayce, "Records of the Past," 7, 138.

[326] Talbot, "Records of the Past," 3, 104-106.

[327] Talbot, _loc. cit._ 3, 114.

[328] Talbot, _loc. cit._; Menant, "Annal." p. 243.

[329] Menant, _loc. cit._ p. 248.

[330] G. Smith, "Disc." p. 314.

[331] Menant, p. 248.

[332] Menant, p. 247.

[333] Talbot, "Records of the Past," 3, 119; Menant, p. 245.

[334] Talbot, _loc. cit._ p. 118.

[335] G. Smith, "a.s.syr. Canon," p. 137.

[336] Talbot, "Records," 3, 116.

[337] Talbot, _loc. cit._ p. 106, 116, 117.

[338] So E. Schrader translates.

[339] Vol. I. p. 547; Menant, _loc. cit._ p. 242.

[340] Talbot, "Records," 3, 106.

[341] G. Smith, "a.s.syrian Canon," p. 137, 138.

[342] E. Schrader, "K. A. T." s. 228; G. Smith, "a.s.syrian Canon," p.

139; Talbot, "Records," 3, 108; the name of Eteander of Paphus is also read on golden armlets, found at Kurion. Cf. G. Smith, "a.s.surbanipal,"

p. 31.

[343] The year 697 is obtained for the accession of Mana.s.ses, by calculating the reigns of the kings of Judah from the date of the taking of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar, _i.e._ from the year 586 B.C. As Hezekiah must have ascended the throne in 728 B.C. (p. 17, _n._), he reigned no doubt two years longer than the Books of Kings allow, which allot to him a reign of 29 years.

[344] Chron. x.x.xiii. 11-13.

[345] Ezra iv. 2, 9.

[346] G. Smith, "Disc." p. 212.

[347] G. Smith, "a.s.syr. Canon." p. 141.

[348] In Eusebius, "Chron." I. p. 35, ed. Schone.

[349] Oppert, "Memoires de l' Acad. des Inscript.," 1869, 1, 578. G.

Smith, "a.s.syrian Canon," p. 169.

[350] E. Schrader, "K. A. T." s. 212.

[351] Psammetichus begins to reign in the year 664, according to the Egyptian reckoning, as will be shown below. The list of Manetho allots eight years to his father Necho. Necho, therefore, began to reign in 672 B.C., _i.e._ in the year in which Esarhaddon conquered Egypt. Nechepsus and Stephinates, whom Manetho places six and seven years before Necho, belong to the family of Psammetichus. Perhaps they were at the head of Isis, under Tirhaka; then Necho, the son of Nechepsus, would have made himself noticed by Esarhaddon by going over to him.

[352] G. Smith, "a.s.surbanipal," p. 20 ff. Haigh, "Zur aeg. Sprache,"

1871; s. 71 ff. The Muntimianche of Thebes may be the Month-em-ha of the inscription of the temple of Mut at Thebes, the pious foundations of which it enumerates; in a slab found in this temple he is called: "Hereditary lord, prince of Patores, prophet of Ammon." Brugsch, "Hist, of Egypt," II. 270.

[353] Menant, "Annal." p. 249.

[354] Private doc.u.ments on the sale of lands, slaves, on loans from the time of Esarhaddon, are in existence, belonging to the years 680, 677, 676, 674, 671. Oppert et Menant, "Doc.u.m. jurid." Cf. G. Smith, "Disc."

p. 415 ff.

CHAPTER VIII.

a.s.sURBANIPAL'S WARS AND VICTORIES.