[817] Hupfeld, "Res Lyd." pp. 55, 63, 67.

[818] Joh. Lyd. "De Mens." 4, 46; Lucian. "Dial. Deor." 13, 2.

[819] Compare the Lydian names Sandonis and Sandoces in Herod. 1, 71; 7, 194.

[820] Oppert, "Exped. en Mesopot." 2, 337.

[821] E. Schrader, "Theol. Studien und Kritiken," 1874, 2, 330.

[822] Herod. 1, 93; Athen. pp. 515, 516.

[823] Strabo, p. 641; Paus. 7, 2, 7.

[824] Herod. 3, 48; 8, 105.

[825] Paus. 1, 21; Kiepert, "Monatsberichte d. Berl. Akademie," 1866, s.

298.

[826] Steph. Byz. _s. v._

[827] La.s.sen, "Z. d. d. M. G." 10, 382 ff; cf. G. Curtius, "Grundzuge."

[828] Herod. 5, 102.

[829] Herodotus (1, 7) says twenty-two generations. But as these, according to the length which he a.s.sumes for a generation, would give a much longer interval than 505 years, he can only mean twenty-two sovereigns. That lists of kings existed in Lydia is proved by the considerable number of names of Atyadae given in Xanthus.

[830] Cf. H. Stein on the pa.s.sages of Herodotus quoted; in one cla.s.s of MSS. Alcaeus, Belus, and Ninus are not found. The city of Ninoe has been already mentioned (p. 567).

[831] The year 549 B.C., the year of the capture of Sardis, will be proved below. I believe that we ought to maintain this statement.

Herodotus' total of 170 years for the dynasty of Gyges is untenable in the face of the a.s.syrian monuments. According to them Gyges and Ardys were contemporaries of a.s.surbanipal, who reigns from 668 to 626 B.C.

Hence for the 170 years of Herodotus we must adopt the number given by Eusebius, which is 30 years less, and the separate dates of the latter.

[832] Boeckh, "Metrologie," s. 76.

[833] Herod. 1, 94.

[834] Plut. "De Mus." 6; Steph. Byz. [Greek: Asias].

[835] "Il." 18, 291; 10, 431.

[836] P. 572.

[837] Pausan. 2, 22, 3; 5, 13, 7.

[838] aesch. "Pers." 52; Herod. 7, 74.

[839] Strabo, p. 604, 605, 612; Pausan. 10, 12, 6.

[840] Strabo, p. 469; Plut. "De Fluviis," c. 13.

[841] Herod. 1, 171; 5, 119.

[842] Thuc. 1, 8; Isoc. "Panath." p. 241. On the Carians in Samos and Chios, see Diod. 5, 84; Strabo, p. 457, 633-637, 661; Paus. 7, 2, 5, 8, 9, 10.

[843] Archiloch. Fragm. 23, ed. Bergk; Euseb. "Chron." 1, 321, ed.

Auch.; cf. Bunsen, "aegypten," 5, 4, 5, s. 427.

[844] Herod. 5, 118, 119; Strabo, p. 660.

[845] "Il." 2, 872.

[846] Alcaeus and Anacreon in Strabo, p. 661; Herod. 1, 171.

[847] Brandis, "Munzwesen," s. 338.

[848] "Quaest. Graecae," c. 45.

[849] La.s.sen, "Zeit. d. d. M. G.," 10, 381.

[850] Boeckh, "Corp. Inscript." 26, 93.

[851] aelian, "Hist. Anim." 12, 30.

[852] 1, 173; 7, 92.

[853] Heracl. Pont. Fragm. 15; Nicol. Damasc. Fragm. 129, ed. Muller.

[854] Strabo, p. 664.

[855] Strabo, p. 665.

[856] Herod. 1, 182; Serv. ad aeneid, 4, 143. Pausanias (1, 19, 3) says that the Lyceum at Athens was a sanctuary of Apollo Lyceus; the "Iliad"

(5, 171) represents Lycaon as ruling in Lycia.

[857] La.s.sen, "Z. d. d. M. G." 10, 335 ff; Blau, _ibid._ 17, 667.

[858] Steph. Byzant., [Greek: Arna]: Fellowes, "Lyc. Coins," pl. 12, 7.

[859] Blau ("Z. d. d. M. G." 17, 649 ff) sustains the first view, Savelsberg and M. Schmidt the second; M. Schmidt, "Lyc. Inscript."

[860] Fellowes, "Account," p. 174, 194; "Lyc. Coins," pl. x. 1, 2, 3.

[861] Ross, "Kleinasien," s. 57.

[862] La.s.sen, "Z. d. d. M. G." 10, 348.

[863] Ross, "Kleinasien," s. 51.

[864] Ross, _loc. cit._ s. 35.