LESSON I.--ANY PARTS OF SPEECH.

"Such _a_ one, I believe, yours will be proved to be."--_Peet and Farnum cor._ "Of the distinction between the imperfect and the perfect _tense_, it may be observed," &c.--_L. Ainsworth cor._ "The subject is certainly worthy _of_ consideration."--_Id._ "By this means, all ambiguity and controversy _on this point are avoided_."--_Bullions cor._ "The perfect participle, in English, has both an active and _a_ passive signification." Better: "The perfect participle, in English, has _sometimes_ an active, and _sometimes_ a passive, signification."--_Id._ "The old house _has_ at length fallen down."--_Id._ "The king, the lords, and _the_ commons, constitute the English form of government."--_Id._ "The verb in the singular agrees with the person next _to_ it." Better: "The singular verb agrees _in_ person with _that nominative which is_ next _to_ it."--_Id._ "Jane found Seth's gloves in _James's_ hat."--_O. C. Felton cor._ "_Charles's_ task is too great."--_Id._ "The conjugation of a verb is the naming _of_ its several _moods_, tenses, numbers, and persons, _in regular order_."--_Id._ "The _long-remembered_ beggar was his guest."--_Id._ "Participles refer to nouns _or_ pronouns."--_Id._ "F has _a_ uniform sound, in every position, except in OF." Better: "F has _one unvaried_ sound, in every position, except in OF."--_E. J. Hallock cor._ "There are three genders; the masculine, the feminine, and _the_ neuter."--_Id._ "When SO _and_ THAT occur together, sometimes the particle SO is taken as an adverb."--_Id._ "The definition of the articles _shows_ that they modify [the import of] the words to which they belong."--_Id._ "The _auxiliary_, SHALL, WILL, or SHOULD, is implied."--_Id. "Single-rhymed_ trochaic omits the final short syllable."--_Brown's Inst._, p. 237. "_Agreeably_ to this, we read of names being blotted out of God's book."--_Burder, Hallock, and Webster, cor._ "The first person is _that which denotes the speaker_."--_Inst._, p. 32.

"Accent is the laying _of_ a peculiar stress of the voice, on a certain letter or syllable in a word."--_L. Murray's Gram._, p. 235; _Felton's_, 134. "_Thomas's_ horse was caught."--_Felton cor._ "You _were_ loved."--_Id._ "The nominative and _the_ objective end _alike_."--_T. Smith cor._ "The _numbers_ of pronouns, like those of substantives, are two; the singular and the plural."--_Id._ "_I_ is called the pronoun of the first person, _because it represents_ the person speaking."--_Frost cor._ "The essential elements of the phrase _are_ an intransitive gerundive and an adjective."--_Hazen cor._ "_Wealth_ is no justification for such impudence."--_Id._ "_That he was_ a soldier in the revolution, is not doubted."--_Id._ "_Fishing_ is the chief employment of the inhabitants."--_Id._ "The chief employment of the inhabitants, is _the_ catching _of_ fish."--_Id._ "The cold weather did not prevent the _work from_ being finished at the time specified."--_Id._ "The _man's_ former viciousness caused _him to be_ suspected of this crime."--_Id._ "But person and number, applied to verbs, _mean_ certain terminations."--_Barrett cor._ "Robert _felled_ a tree."--_Id._ "Charles raised _himself_ up."--_Id._ "It might not be _a_ useless waste of time."--_Id._ "Neither will you have that implicit faith in the writings and works of others, which _characterizes_ the vulgar."--_Id._ "_I_ is _of_ the first person, because it denotes the speaker."--_Ib._ "I would refer the student to _Hedge's_ or _Watts's_ Logic."--_Id._ "Hedge's _Watts's_, Kirwin's, and Collard's Logic."--_Parker and Fox cor._ "Letters _that_ make a full and perfect sound of themselves, are called vowels." Or: "_The_ letters _which_ make," &c.--_Cutler cor._ "It has both a singular and _a_ plural construction."--_Id._ "For he _beholds_ (or _beholdeth_) thy beams no more."--_Id. Carthon._ "To this sentiment the Committee _have_ the candour to incline, as it will appear by their _summing-up_."--_Macpherson cor._ "This _reduces_ the point at issue to a narrow compass."--_Id._ "Since the English _set_ foot upon the soil."--_Exiles cor._ "The arrangement of its different parts _is_ easily retained by the memory."--_Hiley cor._ "The words employed are the most appropriate _that_ could have been selected."--_Id._ "To prevent it _from_ launching!"--_Id._ "Webster has been followed in preference to others, where _he_ differs from them." Or: "_Webster's Grammar_ has been followed in preference to others, where _it_ differs from them."--_Frazee cor._ "Exclamation and interrogation are often mistaken _the_ one _for the_ other."--_Buchanan cor._ "When all nature is hushed in sleep, and neither love nor guilt _keeps its_ vigils."--_Felton cor._ Or thus:--

"When all nature's hush'd asleep.

Nor love, nor guilt, _doth_ vigils keep."

LESSON II.--ANY PARTS OF SPEECH.

"A _Versifier_ and _a_ Poet are two different things."--_Brightland cor._ "Those qualities will arise from the _well-expressing_ of the subject."--_Id._ "Therefore the explanation of NETWORK is _not noticed_ here."--_Mason cor._ "When emphasis or pathos _is_ necessary to be expressed."--_Humphrey cor._ "Whether this mode of punctuation is correct, _or_ whether it _is_ proper to close the sentence with the mark of admiration, may be made a question."--_Id._ "But not every writer in those days _was_ thus correct."--_Id._ "The sounds of A, in English orthoepy, are no _fewer_ than four."--_Id._ "Our present code of rules _is_ thought to be generally correct." Or: "_The rules in_ our present code are thought to be generally correct."--_Id._ "To prevent _it from_ running into _an other_"--_Id._ "_Shakspeare_, perhaps, the greatest poetical genius _that_ England has produced."--_Id._ "This I will illustrate by example; but, _before doing so_, a few preliminary remarks may be necessary."--_Id._ "All such are entitled to two accents each, and some of _them_ to two accents nearly equal."--_Id._ "But some cases of the kind are so plain, that no one _needs_ to exercise (or, need exercise) his _judgement_ therein."--_Id._ "I have _forborne_ to use the word."--_Id._ "The propositions, 'He may study,'

'He might study,' 'He could study,' _affirm_ an ability or power to study."--_E. J. Hallock cor._ "The divisions of the tenses _have_ occasioned grammarians much trouble and perplexity."--_Id._ "By adopting a familiar, inductive method of presenting this subject, _one may render it_ highly attractive to young learners."--_Wells cor._ "The definitions and rules of different grammarians were carefully compared with _one an_ other:" or--"_one_ with _an_ other."--_Id._ "So as not wholly to prevent some _sound from_ issuing."--_Sheridan cor._ "Letters of the Alphabet, not yet _noticed_."--_Id._ "'IT _is sad_,' 'IT _is strange_,' &c., _seem_ to express only that _the thing_ is sad, strange, &c."--_Well-Wishers cor._ "The winning is easier than the preserving _of_ a conquest."--_Same_. "The United States _find themselves_ the _owners_ of a vast region of country at the west."--_H. Mann cor._ "One or more letters placed before a word _are_ a prefix."--_S. W. Clark cor._ "One or more letters added to a word, _are_ a Suffix."--_Id._ "_Two thirds_ of my hair _have_ fallen off." Or: "My hair has, two thirds of it, fallen off."--_Id._ "'Suspecting' describes _us, the speakers_, by expressing, incidentally, an act of _ours_."--_Id._ "Daniel's predictions are now _about_ being fulfilled." Or thus: "Daniel's predictions are now _receiving their fulfillment_"--_Id._ "His _scholarship_ entitles him to respect."--_Id._ "I doubted _whether he had_ been a soldier."--_Id._ "_The_ taking _of_ a madman's sword to prevent _him from_ doing mischief, cannot be regarded as _a robbery_."--_Id._ "I thought it to be him; but it was not _he_."--_Id._ "It was not _I_ that you saw."--_Id._ "Not to know what happened before you _were_ born, is always to be a boy."--_Id._ "How long _were_ you going? Three days."--_Id._ "The qualifying adjective is placed next _to_ the noun."--_Id._ "All went but _I_."--_Id._ "This is _a_ parsing _of_ their own language, and not _of_ the author's."--_Wells cor._ "_Those_ nouns which denote males, are of the masculine gender." Or: "Nouns _that_ denote males, are of the masculine gender."--_Wells, late Ed._ "_Those_ nouns which denote females, are of the feminine gender." Or: "Nouns _that_ denote females, are of the feminine gender."--_Wells, late Ed._ "When a comparison _among_ more than two objects of the same class is expressed, the superlative degree is employed."--_Wells cor._ "Where _d_ or _t goes_ before, the additional letter _d_ or _t_, in this contracted form, _coalesces_ into one letter with the radical _d_ or _t_."--_Dr. Johnson cor._ "Write words which will show what kind of _house_ you live in--what kind of _book_ you hold in your hand--what kind of _day_ it is."--_Weld cor._ "One word or more _are_ often joined to nouns or pronouns to modify their meaning."--_Id._ "_Good_ is an adjective; it explains the quality or character of every person _to whom_, or thing to which, it is applied." Or:--"of every person or thing _that_ it is applied to."--_Id._ "A great public as well as private advantage arises from every one's devoting _of_ himself to that occupation which he prefers, and for which he is specially fitted."--_Wayland, Wells, and Weld, cor._ "There was a chance _for_ him _to recover_ his senses." Or: "There was a chance _that he might recover_ his senses."--_Wells and Macaulay cor._ "This may be known by _the absence of_ any connecting word immediately preceding it."--_Weld cor._ "There are irregular expressions occasionally to be met with, which usage, or custom, rather than analogy, _sanctions_."--_Id._ "He added an anecdote of _Quin_ relieving Thomson from prison." Or: "He added an anecdote of _Quin_ as relieving Thomson from prison." Or: "He added an anecdote of Quin's relieving _of_ Thomson from prison." Or better: "He _also told how Quin relieved_ Thomson from prison."--_Id._ "The daily labour of her hands _procures_ for her all that is necessary."--_Id._ "_That it is I, should_ make no change in your determination."--_Hart cor._ "The classification of words into what _are_ called the Parts of Speech."--_Weld cor._ "Such licenses may be explained _among_ what _are_ usually termed Figures."--_Id._

"Liberal, not lavish, is kind Nature's _hand_."--_Beattie_.

"They fall successive, and successive _rise_."--_Pope_.

LESSON III.--ANY PARTS OF SPEECH.

"A Figure of Etymology is _an_ intentional deviation _from_ the usual form of a word."--_See Brown's Institutes_, p. 229. "A Figure of Syntax is _an_ intentional deviation _from_ the usual construction of a word."--_See Brown's Inst._, p. 230. "Synecdoche is _the naming_ of the whole of _any thing_ for a part, or a part for the whole."--_Weld cor._ "Apostrophe is a _turning-off_[547] from the regular course of the subject, to address some person or thing."--_Id._ "Even young pupils will perform such exercises with surprising interest and facility, and will unconsciously gain, in a little time, more knowledge of the structure of _language_, than _they_ can acquire by a drilling of several years in the usual routine of parsing."--_Id._ "A few _rules_ of construction are employed in this _part_, to guide _the pupil_ in the exercise of parsing."--_Id._ "The name of _any_ person, object, or thing, _that_ can be thought of, or spoken of, is a noun."--_Id._ "A dot, resembling our period, is used between every _two words_, as well as at the close of _each verse_."--_W. Day cor._ "_The_ casting _of_ types in matrices was invented by Peter Schoeffer, in 1452."--_Id._ "On perusing it, he said, that, so far [_was it_] _from_ showing the prisoner's guilt [that] it positively established his innocence."--_Id._ "By printing the nominative and verb in Italic letters, _we shall enable_ the reader to distinguish them at a glance."--_Id._ "It is well, no doubt, to avoid unnecessary words."--_Id._ "_I_ meeting a friend the other day, he said to me, 'Where are you going?'"--_Id._ "To John, apples _were_ first denied; then _they were_ promised _to him_; then _they were_ offered _to him_."--_Lennie cor._ "Admission was denied _him_."--_Wells cor._ "A pardon _was_ offered _to them_."--_L. Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 183. "A new _potato_ was this day shown me."--_Darwin, Webster, Frazee, and Weld, cor._ "_Those_ nouns or pronouns which denote males, are of the masculine gender."--_S. S. Greene, cor._ "There are three degrees of comparison; the positive, _the_ comparative, and _the_ superlative."--_Id._ "The first two refer to direction; the third _refers_ to locality."--_Id._ "The following are some of the verbs which take a direct and _an_ indirect object."--_Id._ "I was not aware _that he was_ the judge of the supreme court."--_Id._ "An indirect question may refer to _any_ of the five elements of a declarative sentence."--_Id._ "I am not sure that he will be present."--_Id._ "We left _New York_ on Tuesday."--_Id._ "He left _the city_, as he told me, before the arrival of the steamer."--_Id._ "We told him that he must leave _us_;"--_Id._ "We told him to leave _us_."--_Id._ "Because he was unable to persuade the multitude, he left _the place_, in disgust."--_Id._ "He left _the company_, and took his brother with him."--_Id._ "This stating, or declaring, or denying _of_ any thing, is called the indicative _mood_, or manner of speaking."--_Weld cor._ "This took place at our friend Sir Joshua _Reynolds's_."--_Id._ "The manner _in which_ a young _lady may employ_ herself usefully in reading, will be the subject of _an other_ paper."--_Id._ "Very little time is necessary for _Johnson to conclude_ a treaty with the bookseller."--_Id._ "My father is not now sick; but if he _were_, your services would be welcome."--_Chandler's Common School Gram., Ed. of 1847_, p. 79. "_Before_ we begin to write or speak, we ought to fix in our minds a clear conception of the end to be aimed at."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "Length of days _is_ in her right hand; and, in her left hand, _are_ riches and honour."--See _Proverbs_, iii, 16. "The active and _the_ passive present express different ideas."--_Bullions cor._ "An _Improper Diphthong_, (_sometimes called a_ Digraph,) is a diphthong in which only one of the vowels _is_ sounded."--_Fowler cor._ (See G. Brown's definition.) "The real origin of the words _is_ to be sought in the Latin."--_Fowler cor._ "What sort of alphabet the Gothic languages possess, we know; what sort of alphabet they require, we can determine."--_Id._ "The Runic alphabet, whether borrowed or invented by the early Goths, is of greater antiquity than either the oldest Teutonic or the Moeso-Gothic _alphabet_."--_Id._ "Common to the masculine and neuter genders."--_Id._ "In the Anglo-Saxon, HIS was common to both the masculine and _the_ Neuter _Gender_."--_Id._ "When time, number, or dimension, _is_ specified, the adjective follows the substantive."--_Id._ "Nor pain, nor grief nor anxious fear, _Invades_ thy bounds."--_Id._ "To Brighton, the Pavilion lends a _lath-and-plaster_ grace."--_Fowler cor._ "From this consideration, _I have given to nouns_ but one person, the THIRD."--_D. C. Allen cor._

"For it seems to guard and cherish E'en the wayward dreamer--_me_."--_Anon. cor._

CHAPTER XII.--GENERAL REVIEW.

CORRECTIONS UNDER ALL THE PRECEDING RULES AND NOTES.

LESSON I.--ARTICLES.

"And they took stones, and made _a_ heap."--ALGER'S BIBLE: _Gen._, xxxi, 46. "And I do know many fools, that stand in better place."--_Shak. cor._ "It is a strong antidote to the turbulence of passion, and _the_ violence of pursuit."--_Kames cor._ "The word NEWS may admit of either a singular or _a_ plural application."--_Wright cor._ "He has gained a fair and honourable reputation."--_Id._ "There are two general forms, called the solemn and _the_ familiar style." Or:--"called the solemn and familiar _styles_."--_Sanborn cor._ "Neither the article nor _the_ preposition can be omitted."--_Wright cor._ "A close union is also observable between the subjunctive and _the_ potential _mood_."--_Id._ "Should we render service equally to a friend, _a_ neighbour, and an enemy?"--_Id._ "Till _a_ habit is obtained, of aspirating strongly."--_Sheridan cor._ "There is _a_ uniform, steady use of the same signs."--_Id._ "A traveller remarks most _of the_ objects _which_ he sees."--_Jamieson cor._ "What is the name of the river on which London stands? _Thames_."--_G. B._ "We sometimes find the last line of a couplet or _a_ triplet stretched out to twelve syllables."--_Adam cor._ "_The_ nouns which follow active verbs, are not in the nominative case."--_David Blair cor._ "It is a solemn duty to speak plainly of _the_ wrongs which good men perpetrate."--_Channing cor._ "_The_ gathering of riches is a pleasant torment."--_L. Cobb cor._ "It is worth being quoted." Or better: "It is worth quoting."--_Coleridge cor._ "COUNCIL is a noun which admits of a singular and _a_ plural form."--_Wright cor._ "To exhibit the connexion between the Old _Testament_ and the New."--_Keith cor._ "An apostrophe discovers the omission of a letter or _of_ letters."--_Guy cor._ "He is immediately ordained, or rather acknowledged, _a_ hero."--_Pope cor._ "Which is the same in both the leading and _the_ following state."--_Brightland cor._ "Pronouns, as will be seen hereafter, have _three_ distinct _cases; the_ nominative, _the_ possessive, and _the_ objective."--_D. Blair cor._ "A word of many syllables is called _a_ polysyllable."--_Beck cor._ "Nouns have two numbers; _the_ singular and _the_ plural."--_Id._ "They have three genders; _the_ masculine, _the_ feminine, and _the_ neuter."--_Id._ "They have three cases; _the_ nominative, _the_ possessive, and _the_ objective."--_Id._ "Personal pronouns have, like nouns, two numbers; _the_ singular and _the_ plural;--three genders; _the_ masculine, _the_ feminine, and _the_ neuter;--_three_ cases; _the_ nominative, _the possessive_, and _the_ objective."--_Id._ "He must be wise enough to know the singular from _the_ plural"--_Id._ "Though they may be able to meet every reproach which any one of their fellows may prefer."--_Chalmers cor._ "Yet for love's sake I rather beseech thee, being such _a_ one as Paul the aged."--_Bible cor._; also _Webster_. "A people that jeoparded their lives unto death."--_Bible cor._ "By preventing too great _an_ accumulation of seed within too narrow _a_ compass."--_The Friend cor._ "Who fills up the middle space between the animal and _the_ intellectual nature, the visible and _the_ invisible world."--_Addison cor._ "The Psalms abound with instances of _the_ harmonious arrangement of words."--_Murray cor._ "On _an_ other table, were _a_ ewer and _a_ vase, likewise of gold."--_Mirror cor._ "TH is said to have two sounds, _a_ sharp and _a_ flat."--_Wilson cor._ "_The_ SECTION (--) is _sometimes_ used in _the_ subdividing of a chapter into lesser parts."--_Brightland cor._ "Try it in a dog, or _a_ horse, or any other creature."--_Locke cor._ "But particularly in _the_ learning of languages, there is _the_ least occasion _to pose_ children."--_Id._ "_Of_ what kind is _the_ noun RIVER, and why?"--_R. C. Smith cor._ "Is WILLIAM'S a proper or _a_ common noun?"--_Id._ "What kind of article, then, shall we call _the_?" Or better: "What then shall we call the article _the_?"--_Id._

"Each burns alike, who can, or cannot write, Or with a rival's, or _a_ eunuch's spite."--_Pope cor._

LESSON II.--NOUNS, OR CASES.

"And there _are_ stamped upon their imaginations _ideas_ that follow them with terror and _affright_."--_Locke cor._ "There's not a wretch that lives on common charity, but's happier than _I_."--_Ven. Pres. cor._ "But they overwhelm _every one who_ is ignorant of them."--_H. Mann cor._ "I have received a letter from my cousin, _her_ that was here last week."--_Inst._, p. 129. "_Gentlemen's_ houses are seldom without variety of company."--_Locke cor._ "Because Fortune has laid them below the level of others, at their _masters_' feet."--_Id._ "We blamed neither _John's_ nor Mary's delay."--_Nixon cor._ "The book was written by order _of Luther_ the _reformer_."--_Id._ "I saw on the table of the saloon Blair's sermons, and _somebody's_ else, (I forget _whose_,) and [_about the room_] a set of noisy children."--_Byron cor._ "Or saith he it altogether for our _sake_?"--_Bible cor._ "He was not aware _that the Duke was_ his competitor."--_Sanborn cor._ "It is no condition of an adjective, that _the word_ must be placed before a noun." Or: "It is no condition _on which a word becomes_ an adjective, that it must be placed before a noun."--_Id., and Fowle cor._ "Though their reason corrected the wrong _ideas which_ they had taken in."--_Locke cor._ "It was _he that_ taught me to hate slavery."--_Morris cor._ "It is _he_ and his kindred, who live upon the labour of others."--_Id._ "Payment of tribute is an acknowledgement of _him as_ being King--(of _him as_ King--or, _that he is_ King--) to whom we think it due."--_C. Leslie cor._ "When we comprehend what _is taught us_."--_Ingersoll cor._ "The following words, and parts of words, must be _noticed_."--_Priestley cor._ "Hence tears and commiseration are so often _employed_."--_Dr. H. Blair cor._ "JOHN-A-NOKES, _n._ A fictitious name _used_ in law proceedings."--_A. Chalmers cor._ "The construction of _words denoting_ matter, and _the_ part _grasped_."--_B. F. Fisk cor._ "And such other names as carry with them the _idea_ of _something_ terrible and hurtful."--_Locke cor._ "Every learner then would surely be glad to be spared _from_ the trouble and fatigue."--_Pike cor._ "_It_ is not the owning of _one's_ dissent from _an other_, that I speak against."--_Locke cor._ "A man that cannot fence, will be more careful to keep out of bullies and _gamesters'_ company, and will not be half so apt to stand upon _punctilios_."--_Id._ "From such persons it is, _that_ one may learn more in one day, than in a _year's_ rambling from one inn to _an other_."--_Id._ "A long syllable is generally considered to be twice _as long as_ a short one."--_D. Blair cor._ "I is of the first person, and _the_ singular number. THOU is _of the_ second person singular. HE, SHE, or IT, is _of the_ third person singular. WE is _of the_ first person plural. YE or YOU is _of the_ second person plural. THEY is _of the_ third person plural."--_Kirkham cor._ "This actor, doer, or producer of the action, is _denoted by some word in_ the nominative _case_."--_Id._ "_Nobody_ can think, _that_ a boy of three or seven years _of age_ should be argued with as a grown man."--_Locke cor._ "This was in _the house of_ one of the Pharisees, not in Simon the leper's."--_Hammond cor._ "Impossible! it can't be _I_."--_Swift cor._ "Whose grey top shall tremble, _He_ descending."--_Milton, P. L._, xii, 227. "_Of_ what gender is _woman_, and why?"--_R. C. Smith cor._ "_Of_ what gender, then, is _man_, and why?"--_Id._ "Who is _this I; whom_ do you mean when you say _I_?"--_R. W.

Green cor._ "It _has_ a pleasant air, but _the soil_ is barren."--_Locke cor._ "You may, in three _days'_ time, go from Galilee to Jerusalem."--_W.

Whiston cor._ "And that which is left of the meat-offering, shall be Aaron's and his _sons'_."--FRIENDS' BIBLE.

"For none in all the world, without a lie, Can say _of_ this, '_'T_is mine,' but _Bunyan_, I."--_Bunyan cor._

LESSON III.--ADJECTIVES.

"When he can be their remembrancer and advocate _at all assizes_ and sessions."--_Leslie cor._ "DOING denotes _every_ manner of action; as, to dance, to play, to write, &c."--_Buchanan cor._ "Seven _feet_ long,"--"eight _feet_ long,"--"fifty _feet_ long."--_W. Walker cor._ "Nearly the whole of _these_ twenty-five millions of dollars is a dead loss to the nation."--_Fowler cor._ "Two negatives destroy _each_ other."--_R.

W. Green cor._ "We are warned against excusing sin in ourselves, or in _one an_ other."--_Friend cor._ "The Russian empire is more extensive than any _other_ government in the world."--_Inst._, p. 265. "You will always have the satisfaction to think it, of all _your expenses_, the money best laid out."--_Locke cor._ "There is no _other_ passion which all mankind so naturally _indulge_, as pride."--_Steele cor._ "O, throw away the _viler_ part of it."--_Shak. cor._ "He showed us _an easier_ and _more agreeable_ way."--_Inst._, p. 265. "And the _last four_ are to point out those further improvements."--_Jamieson and Campbell cor._ "Where he has not clear _ideas_, distinct and different."--_Locke cor._ "Oh, when shall we have _an other such_ Rector of Laracor!"--_Hazlitt cor._ "Speech must have been absolutely necessary _previously_ to the formation of society." Or better thus: "Speech must have been absolutely necessary to the formation of society."--_Jamieson cor._ "Go and tell _those_ boys to be still."--_Inst._, p. 265. "Wrongs are engraved on marble; benefits, on sand: _those_ are apt to be requited; _these_, forgot."--_G. B._ "_None_ of these several interpretations is the true one."--_G. B._ "My friend indulged himself in some freaks _not befitting_ the gravity of a clergyman."--_G. B._ "And their pardon is all that _any_ of their impropriators will have to plead."--_Leslie cor._ "But the time usually chosen to send young men abroad, is, I think, of all _periods_, that _at_ which _they are_ least capable of reaping those advantages."--_Locke cor._ "It is a mere figment of the human imagination, a rhapsody of the _transcendently_ unintelligible."--_Jamieson cor._ "It contains a greater assemblage of sublime ideas, of bold and daring figures, than is perhaps _anywhere else_ to be met with."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "The order in which the _last two_ words are placed should have been reversed."--_Dr. Blair cor._; also _L. Murray_. "In Demosthenes, eloquence _shone_ forth with higher splendour, than perhaps in any _other_ that ever bore the name of _orator_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "The circumstance of his _poverty_ (or, _that he is_ poor) is decidedly favourable."--_Todd cor._ "The temptations to dissipation are greatly lessened by his _poverty_."--_Id._ "For, with her death, _those_ tidings came."--_Shak. cor._ "The next objection is, that _authors of this sort_ are poor."--_Cleland cor._ "Presenting Emma, as Miss Castlemain, to these _acquaintances_:" or,--"to these _persons of her_ acquaintance."--_Opie cor._ "I doubt not _that_ it will please more _persons_ than the opera:" or,--"that it will be _more pleasing_ than the opera."--_Spect. cor._ "The world knows only two; _these are_ Rome and I."--_Ben Jonson cor._ "I distinguish these two things from _each_ other."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "And, in this case, mankind reciprocally claim and allow indulgence to _one an_ other."--_Sheridan cor._ "The _last six_ books are said not to have received the finishing hand of the author."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "The _best-executed_ part of the work, is the first six books."--_Id._

"To reason how can we be said to rise?

So _hard the task for mortals to be_ wise!"--_Sheffield cor._

LESSON IV.--PRONOUNS.

"Once upon a time, a goose fed _her_ young by a _pond's_ side:" or--"by a _pondside_."--_Goldsmith cor._ (See OBS. 33d on Rule 4th.) "If either _has_ a sufficient degree of merit to recommend _it_ to the attention of the public."--_J. Walker cor._ "Now W. _Mitchell's_ deceit is very remarkable."--_Barclay cor._ "My brother, I did not put the question to thee, for that I doubted of the truth of _thy_ belief."--_Bunyan cor._ "I had two elder brothers, one of _whom_ was a lieutenant-colonel."--_De Foe cor._ "Though James is here the object of the action, yet _the word James_ is in the nominative case."--_Wright cor._ "Here John is the actor; and _the word John_ is known to be _in_ the nominative, by its answering to the question, '_Who_ struck Richard?'"--_Id._ "One of the most distinguished privileges _that_ Providence has conferred upon mankind, is the power of communicating their thoughts to one _an other_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "With some of the most refined feelings _that_ belong to our frame."--_Id._ "And the same instructions _that_ assist others in composing _works of elegance_, will assist them in judging of, and relishing, the beauties of composition."--_Id._ "To overthrow all _that_ had been yielded in favour of the army."--_Macaulay cor._ "Let your faith stand in the Lord God, who changes not, _who_ created all, and _who_ gives the increase of all."--_Friends cor._ "For it is, in truth, the sentiment of passion which lies under the figured expression, that gives it _all its_ merit."--_Dr.

Blair cor._ "Verbs are words _that_ affirm the being, doing, or suffering of a thing, together with the time _at which_ it happens."--_A. Murray cor._ "The _bias_ will always hang on that side _on which_ nature first placed it."--_Locke cor._ "They should be brought to do the things _which_ are fit for them."--_Id._ "_The_ various sources _from which_ the English language is derived."--_L. Murray cor._ "This attention to the several cases _in which_ it is proper to omit _or_ to redouble the copulative, is of considerable importance."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "Cicero, for instance, speaking of the cases _in which it_ is lawful _to kill an other in self-defence_, uses the following words."--_Id._ "But there is no nation, hardly _are there_ any _persons_, so phlegmatic as not to accompany their words with some actions, _or_ gesticulations, _whenever_ they are much in earnest."--_Id._ "_William's_ is said to be governed by _coat_, because _coat_ follows _William's_" Or better:--"because _coat_ is the name of the thing possessed by William."--_R. C. Smith cor._ "In life, there are many _occasions on which_ silence and simplicity are _marks of_ true wisdom."--_L. Murray cor._ "In choosing umpires _whose_ avarice is excited."--_Nixon cor._ "The boroughs sent representatives, _according to law_."--_Id._ "No man believes but _that_ there is some order in the universe."--_G. B._ "The moon is orderly in her changes, _and_ she could not be _so_ by accident."--_Id._ "_The riddles of the Sphynx_ (or, The _Sphynx's_ riddles) are generally _of_ two kinds."--_Bacon cor._ "They must generally find either their friends or _their_ enemies in power."--_Dr.

Brown cor._ "For, of old, _very many_ took upon them to write what happened in their own time."--_Whiston cor._ "The Almighty cut off the family of Eli the high priest, for _their_ transgressions."--_The Friend_, vii, 109. "The convention then resolved _itself_ into a committee of the whole."--_Inst._, p. 269. "The severity with which _persons of_ this denomination _were_ treated, appeared rather to invite _them to the colony_, than to deter them from flocking _thither_."--_H. Adams cor._ "Many Christians abuse the Scriptures and the traditions of the apostles, to uphold things quite contrary to _them_."--_Barclay cor._ "Thus, a circle, a square, a triangle, or a hexagon, _pleases_ the eye by _its_ regularity, _and is a_ beautiful _figure_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "Elba is remarkable for being the place to which Bonaparte was banished in 1814."--_Olney's Geog_. "The editor has the reputation of being a good linguist and critic."--_Rel. Herald_. "It is a pride _which_ should be cherished in them."--_Locke cor._ "And to restore _to_ us the _hope_ of fruits, to reward our pains in _their_ season."--_Id._ "The comic representation of Death's victim relating _his_ own tale."--_Wright cor._ "As for _Scioppius's_ Grammar, that wholly _concerns_ the Latin tongue."--_Wilkins cor._

"And chiefly _Thou_, O Spirit, _that_ dost prefer Before all temples _th'_ upright heart and pure, Instruct me, for Thou _knowst_."--_Milton, P. L._, B. i, l. 17.

LESSON V.--VERBS.

"And there _were_ in the same country shepherds abiding in the field."--_Friends' Bible_; also _Bruce's, and Alger's_. "Whereof every one _bears_ [or _beareth_] twins."--BIBLE COR.: _Song_, vi, 6. "He strikes out of his nature one of the most divine principles that _are_ planted in it."--_Addison cor._ "GENII [i.e., the _word_ GENII] _denotes aerial_ spirits."--_Wright cor._ "In proportion as the long and large prevalence of such corruptions _has_ been obtained by force."--_Halifax cor._ "Neither of these _is set before any_ word of a general signification, or _before a_ proper name."--_Brightland cor._ "Of which, a few of the opening lines _are_ all I shall give."--_Moore cor._ "The _wealth_ we had in England, was the slow result of long industry and wisdom." Or: "The _riches_ we had in England _were_," &c.--_Davenant cor._ "The following expression appears to be correct: 'Much _public gratitude_ is due.'" Or this: "'_Great public_ thanks _are_ due.'"--_-Wright cor._ "He _has_ been enabled to correct many mistakes."--_Lowth cor._ "Which road _dost_ thou take here?"--_Ingersoll cor._ "_Dost_ thou _learn_ thy lesson?"--_Id._ "_Did_ they _learn_ their pieces perfectly?"--_Id._ "Thou _learned_ thy task well."--_Id._ "There are some _who_ can't relish the town, and others can't _bear_ with the country."--_Sir Wilful cor._ "If thou _meet_ them, thou must put on an intrepid mien."--_Neef cor._ "Struck with terror, as if Philip _were_ something more than human."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "If the personification of the form of Satan _were_ admissible, _the pronoun_ should certainly have been masculine."--_Jamieson cor._ "If only one _follows_, there seems to be a defect in the sentence."--_Priestley cor._ "Sir, if thou _hast_ borne him hence, tell me where thou hast laid him."--_Bible cor._ "Blessed _are_ the people that know the joyful sound."--_Id._ "Every auditory _takes_ in good part those marks of respect and awe _with which a modest speaker commences a public discourse_."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "Private causes were still pleaded in the forum; but the public _were_ no longer interested, nor _was_ any general attention drawn to what passed there."--_Id._ "Nay, what evidence can be brought to show, that the _inflections_ of the _classic_ tongues were not originally formed out of obsolete auxiliary words?"--_L. Murray cor._ "If the student _observe_ that the principal and the auxiliary _form but_ one verb, he will have little or no difficulty in the proper application of the present rule."--_Id._ "For the sword of the enemy, and fear, _are_ on every side."--_Bible cor._ "Even the Stoics agree that nature, _or_ certainty, is very hard to come at."--_Collier cor._ "His politeness, _his_ obliging behaviour, _was_ changed." Or thus: "His _polite_ and obliging behaviour was changed."--_Priestley and Hume cor._ "War and its honours _were_ their employment and ambition." Or thus: "War _was_ their employment; its honours _were their_ ambition."--_Goldsmith cor._ "_Do_ A and AN mean the same thing?"--_R. W. Green cor._ "When _several_ words _come_ in between the discordant parts, the ear does not detect the error."--_Cobbett cor._ "The sentence should be, 'When _several_ words _come_ in,' &c."--_Wright cor._ "The nature of our language, the accent and pronunciation of it, _incline_ us to contract even all our regular verbs."--_Churchill's New Gram._, p. 104. Or thus: "The nature of our language,--(_that is_, the accent and pronunciation of it,--) inclines us to contract even all our regular verbs."--_Lowth cor._ "The nature of our language, together with the accent and pronunciation of it, _inclines_ us to contract even all our regular verbs."--_Hiley cor._ "Prompt aid, and not promises, _is_ what we ought to give."--_G. B._ "The position of the several organs, therefore, as well as their functions, _is_ ascertained."--_Med. Mag. cor._ "Every private company, and almost every public assembly, _affords_ opportunities of remarking the difference between a just and graceful, and a faulty and unnatural elocution."--_Enfield cor._ "Such submission, together with the active principle of obedience, _makes_ up _in us_ the temper _or_ character which answers to his sovereignty."--_Bp. Butler cor._ "In happiness, as in other things, there _are_ a false and a true, an imaginary and a real."--_A.

Fuller cor._ "To confound things that differ, and to make a distinction where there is no difference, _are_ equally unphilosophical."--_G. Brown_.

"I know a bank wheron _doth_ wild thyme _blow_, Where oxlips and the nodding violet _grow_."--_Shak. cor._

LESSON VI.--VERBS.

"Whose business or profession _prevents_ their attendance in the morning."--_Ogilby cor._ "And no church or officer _has_ power over _an other_."--_Lechford cor._ "While neither reason nor experience _is_ sufficiently matured to protect them."--_Woodbridge cor._ "Among the Greeks and Romans, _almost_ every syllable was known to have a fixed and determined quantity." Or thus: "Among the Greeks and Romans, _all syllables_, (or at least the far _greater_ number,) _were_ known to have _severally_ a fixed and determined quantity."--_Blair and Jamieson cor._ "Their vanity is awakened, and their passions _are_ exalted, by the irritation which their self-love receives from contradiction."--_Tr. of Mad. De Stael cor._ "_He and I were_ neither of us any great swimmer."--_Anon_. "Virtue, honour--nay, even self-interest, _recommends_ the measure."--_L. Murray cor._ (See Obs. 5th on Rule 16th.) "A correct plainness, _an_ elegant simplicity, is the proper character of an introduction."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "In syntax, there is what grammarians call concord or agreement, and _there is_ government."--_Inf. S. Gram. cor._ "People find themselves able, without much study, to write and speak English intelligibly, and thus _are_ led to think _that_ rules _are_ of no utility."--_Webster cor._ "But the writer must be one who has studied to inform himself well, _who_ has pondered his subject with care, and who addresses himself to our _judgement_, rather than to our imagination."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "But practice _has_ determined it otherwise; and has, in all the languages with which we are much acquainted, supplied the place of an interrogative _mood_, either by particles of interrogation, or by a peculiar order of the words in the sentence."--_Lowth cor._ "If the Lord _hath_ stirred thee up against me, let him accept an offering."--_Bible cor._ "But if the priest's daughter be a widow, or divorced, and have no child, and _she return_ unto her father's house, as in her youth, she shall eat of her father's meat."--_Id._ "Since we never have _studied, and never_ shall study, your sublime productions."--_Neef cor._ "Enabling us to form _distincter_ images of objects, than can be _formed_, with the utmost attention, where these particulars are not found."--_Kames cor._ "I hope you will consider _that_ what is _spoken_ comes from my love."--_Shak. cor._ "We _shall_ then perceive how the designs of emphasis may be marred."--_Rush cor._ "I knew it was Crab, and _went_ to the fellow that whips the dogs."--_Shak. cor._ "The youth _was consuming_ by a slow malady."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 64; _Ingersoll's_, 45; _Fisk_, 82. "If all men thought, spoke, and wrote alike, something resembling a perfect adjustment of these points _might_ be accomplished."--_Wright cor._ "If you will replace what has been, _for a_ long _time_ expunged from the language." Or: "If you will replace what _was_ long _ago_ expunged from the language."--_Campbell and Murray cor._ "As in all those faulty instances _which_ I have _just_ been giving."--_Dr.

Blair cor._ "This mood _is_ also used _improperly_ in the following places."--_L. Murray cor._ "He seems to have been well acquainted with his own genius, and to _have known_ what it was that nature had bestowed upon him."--_Johnson cor._ "Of which I _have_ already _given_ one instance, the worst indeed that occurred in the poem."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "It is strange he never commanded you to _do_ it."--_Anon_. "History painters would have found it difficult, to _invent_ such a species of beings."--_Addison cor._ "Universal Grammar cannot be taught abstractedly; it must be _explained_ with referenc [sic--KTH] to some language already known."--_Lowth cor._ "And we might imagine, that if verbs had been so contrived as simply to express these, _no other tenses would have been_ needful."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "To a writer of such a genius as _Dean Swift's_, the plain style _is_ most admirably fitted."--_Id._ "Please _to_ excuse my son's absence."--_Inst._, p. 279. "Bid the boys come in immediately."--_Ib._

"Gives us the secrets of his pagan hell, Where _restless ghosts_ in sad communion dwell."--_Crabbe cor._

"Alas! nor faith nor valour now _remains_; Sighs are but wind, and I must bear my _chains_."--_Walpole cor._

LESSON VII.--PARTICIPLES.

"Of which the author considers himself, in compiling the present work, as merely laying the foundation-stone."--_David Blair cor._ "On the raising _of_ such lively and distinct images as are here described."--_Kames cor._ "They are necessary to the avoiding _of_ ambiguities."--_Brightland cor._ "There is no neglecting _of_ it without falling into a dangerous error." Or better: "_None can neglect_ it without falling," &c.--_Burlamaqui cor._ "The contest resembles Don Quixote's fighting _of_ (or _with_) windmills."--_Webster cor._ "That these verbs associate with _other_ verbs in all the tenses, is no proof _that they have_ no particular time of their own."--_L. Murray cor._ "To justify _myself in_ not following the _track_ of the ancient rhetoricians."--_Dr. H. Blair cor._ "The _putting-together of_ letters, so as to make words, is called Spelling."--_Inf. S. Gram.

cor._ "What is the _putting-together of_ vowels and consonants called?"--_Id._ "Nobody knows of their _charitableness_, but themselves."

Or: "Nobody knows _that they are_ charitable, but themselves."--_Fuller cor._ "Payment was at length made, but no reason _was_ assigned for so long _a postponement of it_."--_Murray et al. cor._ "Which will bear _to be_ brought into comparison with any composition of the kind."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "To render vice ridiculous, is _to do_ real service to the world."--_Id._ "It is _a direct_ copying from nature, a plain rehearsal of what passed, or was supposed to pass, in conversation."--_Id._ "Propriety of pronunciation _consists in_ giving to every word that sound which the most polite usage of the language appropriates to it."--_Murray's Key_, 8vo, p. 200; and again, p. 219. "To occupy the mind, and prevent _us from_ regretting the insipidity of _a_ uniform plain."--_Kames cor._ "There are a hundred ways _in which_ any thing _may happen_."--_Steele cor._ "Tell me, _seignior, for_ what cause (or _why) Antonio sent_ Claudio to Venice yesterday."--_Bucke cor._ "As _you are_ looking about for an outlet, some rich prospect unexpectedly opens to view."--_Kames cor._ "A hundred volumes of modern novels may be read without _communicating_ a new idea." Or thus: "_A person may read_ a hundred volumes of modern novels without acquiring a new idea."--_Webster cor._ "Poetry admits of greater latitude than prose, with respect to _the_ coining, or at least _the_ new compounding, _of_ words."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "When laws were _written_ on brazen tablets, _and enforced_ by the sword."--_Pope cor._ "A pronoun, which saves the naming _of_ a person or thing a second time, ought to be placed as near as possible to the name of that person or thing."--_Kames cor._ "The using _of_ a preposition in this case, is not always a matter of choice."--_Id._ "To save _the_ multiplying _of_ words, I would be understood to comprehend both circumstances."--_Id._ "Immoderate grief is mute: _complaint_ is _a struggle_ for consolation."--_Id._ "On the other hand, the accelerating or _the_ retarding _of_ the natural course, excites a pain."--_Id._ "Human affairs require the distributing _of_ our attention."--_Id._ "By neglecting this circumstance, _the author of_ the following example _has made it_ defective in neatness."--_Id._ "And therefore the suppressing _of_ copulatives must animate a description."--_Id._ "If the _omission of_ copulatives _gives_ force and liveliness, a redundancy of them must render the period languid."--_Id._ "It skills not, _to ask_ my leave, said Richard."--_Scott cor._ "To redeem his credit, he proposed _to be_ sent once more to Sparta."--_Goldsmith cor._ "Dumas relates _that he gave_ drink to a dog."--_Stone cor._ "Both are, in a like way, instruments of our _reception of_ such ideas from external objects."--_Bp. Butler cor._ "In order to your proper handling _of_ such a subject."--_Spect. cor._ "For I do not recollect _it_ preceded by an open vowel."--_Knight cor._ "Such is _the setting up of_ the form above the power of godliness."--_Barclay cor._ "I remember _that I was_ walking once with my young acquaintance."--_Hunt cor._ "He did not like _to pay_ a debt."--_Id._ "I do not remember _to have seen_ Coleridge when I was a child."--_Id._ "In consequence of the dry _rot discovered in it_, the mansion has undergone a thorough repair."--_Maunder cor._ "I would not advise the following _of_ the German system _in all its parts_."--_Lieber cor._ "Would it not be _to make_ the students judges of the professors?"--_Id._ "Little time should intervene between _the proposing of them_ and _the deciding_ upon _them_."--_Verthake [sic--KTH]

cor._ "It would be nothing less than _to find_ fault with the Creator."--_Lit. Journal cor._ "_That we were once friends_, is a powerful reason, both of prudence and _of_ conscience, to restrain us from ever becoming enemies."--_Secker cor._ "By using the word as a conjunction, _we prevent_ the ambiguity."--_L. Murray cor._

"He forms his schemes the flood of vice to stem, But _faith in Jesus has no part in_ them."--_J Taylor cor._

LESSON VIII.--ADVERBS.

"Auxiliaries _not only can_ be inserted, but are really understood."--_Wright cor._ "He was _afterwards_ a hired scribbler in the Daily Courant."--_Pope's Annotator cor._ "In gardening, luckily, relative beauty _never need stand_ (or, perhaps better, _never needs to stand_) in opposition to intrinsic beauty."--_Kames cor._ "I _much_ doubt the propriety of the following examples."--_Lowth cor._ "And [we see] how far they have spread, in this part of the world, one of the worst languages _possible_"--_Locke cor._ "And, in this manner, _merely to place_ him on a level with the beast of the forest."--_R. C. Smith cor._ "_Whither_, ah!

_whither_, has my darling fled."--_Anon_. "As for this fellow, we know not whence he is."--_Bible cor._ "Ye see then, that by works a man is justified, and not by faith only."--_Id._ "The _Mixed_ kind is _that in which_ the poet sometimes speaks in his own person, and sometimes makes other characters speak."--_Adam and Gould cor._ "Interrogation is _a rhetorical figure in which_ the writer or orator raises questions, and, _if he pleases_, returns answers."--_Fisher cor._ "Prevention is _a figure in which_ an author starts an objection which he foresees may be made, and gives an answer to it."--_Id._ "Will you let me alone, or _not_?"--_W.

Walker cor._ "Neither man nor woman _can_ resist an engaging exterior."-- _Chesterfield cor._ "Though the cup be _everso_ clean."--_Locke cor._ "Seldom, or _never_, did any one rise to eminence, by being a witty lawyer." Or thus: "Seldom, _if ever, has_ any one _risen_ to eminence, by being a witty lawyer."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "The second rule which I give, respects the choice of _the_ objects from _which_ metaphors, and other figures, are to be drawn."--_Id._ "In the figures which it uses, it sets mirrors before us, _in which_ we may behold objects _reflected_ in their likeness."--_Id._ "Whose business _it_ is, to seek the true measures of right and wrong, and not the arts _by which he may_ avoid doing the one, and secure himself in doing the other."--_Locke cor._ "The occasions _on which_ you ought to personify things, and _those on which_ you ought not, cannot be stated in any precise rule."--_Cobbett cor._ "They reflect that they have been much diverted, but _scarcely_ can _they_ say about what."--_Kames cor._ "The eyebrows and shoulders should seldom or _never_ be remarked by any perceptible motion."--_J. Q. Adams cor._ "And the left hand or arm should seldom or never attempt any motion by itself."--_Id., right_. "_Not_ every speaker _purposes_ to please the imagination."-- _Jamieson cor._ "And, like Gallio, they care for none of these things." Or: "And, like Gallio, they care _little_ for _any_ of these things."--_S.

cor._ "They may inadvertently be _used_ where _their_ meaning would be obscure."--_L. Murray cor._ "Nor _can_ a man make him laugh."--_Shak. cor._ "The Athenians, in their present distress, _scarcely_ knew _whither_ to turn."--_Goldsmith cor._ "I do not remember where God _ever_ delivered his oracles by the multitude."--_Locke cor._ "The object of this government is twofold, _outward_ and _inward_."--_Barclay cor._ "In order _rightly_ to understand what we read"--_R. Johnson cor._ "That a design had been formed, to _kidnap_ or _forcibly abduct_ Morgan."--_Col. Stone cor._ "But such imposture can never _long_ maintain its ground."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "But _surely_ it is _as_ possible to apply the principles of reason and good sense to this art, as to any other that is cultivated among men."--_Id._ "It would have been better for you, to have remained illiterate, and _even_ to have been hewers of wood."--_L. Murray cor._ "Dissyllables that have two vowels which are separated in the pronunciation, _always_ have the accent on the _first_ syllable."--_Id._ "And they all turned their backs, _almost_ without drawing a sword." Or: "And they all turned their backs, _scarcely venturing to draw_ a sword."--_Kames cor._ "The principle of duty _naturally_ takes _precedence_ of every other."--_Id. "Not_ all that glitters, is gold."--_Maunder cor._ "Whether now, or _everso_ many myriads of ages hence."--_Edwards cor._

"England never did, nor _ever_ shall, Lie at the proud foot of a conqueror."--_Shak. cor._