"Again, an ordained disciple must not take except what has been given him. The disciple who takes, be it so little as a penny's worth, is no longer a disciple of the Sakyamuni. 8

"And lastly, an ordained disciple must not knowingly and malignantly deprive any harmless creature of life, not even an earth-worm or an ant. The disciple who knowingly and malignantly deprives any harmless creature of its life is no longer a disciple of the Sakyamuni. 9

"These are the three great prohibitions." 10

And the Blessed One addressed the bhikkhus and said: 11

"There is another great prohibition which I declare to you: 12

"An ordained disciple must not boast of any superhuman perfection. The disciple who with evil intent and from covetousness boasts of a superhuman perfection, be it celestial visions or miracles, is no longer a disciple of the Sakyamuni. 13

"I forbid you, O bhikkhus, to employ any spells or supplications, for they are useless, since the law of karma governs all things.

He who attempts to perform miracles has not understood the doctrine of the Tathagata." 14

XLIII.

THE VANITY OF WORLDLINESS.

There was a poet who had acquired the spotless eye of truth, and he believed in the Buddha, whose doctrine gave him peace of mind and comfort in the hour of affliction. 1

And it happened that an epidemic swept over the country in which he lived, so that many died, and the people were terrified. Some of them trembled with fright, and in antic.i.p.ation of their fate were smitten with all the horrors of death before they died, while others began to be merry, shouting loudly, "Let us enjoy ourselves to-day, for we know not whether to-morrow we shall live"; yet was their laughter no genuine gladness, but a mere pretence and affectation. 2

Among all these worldly men and women trembling with anxiety, the Buddhist poet lived in the time of the pestilence, as usual, calm and undisturbed, helping wherever he could and ministering unto the sick, soothing their pains by medicine and religious consolation. 3

And a man came to him and said: "My heart is nervous and excited, for I see people die. I am not anxious about others, but I tremble because of myself. Help me; cure me of my fear." 4

The poet replied: "There is help for him who has compa.s.sion on others, but there is no help for thee so long as thou clingest to thine own self alone. Hard times try the souls of men and teach them righteousness and charity. Canst thou witness these sad sights around thee and still be filled with selfishness? Canst thou see thy brothers, sisters, and friends suffer, yet not forget the petty cravings and l.u.s.t of thine own heart?" 5

Noticing the desolation in the mind of the pleasure-seeking man, the Buddhist poet composed this song and taught it to the brethren in the vihara: 6

"Unless refuge you take in the Buddha and find in Nirvana rest Your life is but vanity--empty and desolate vanity.

To see the world is idle, and to enjoy life is empty.

The world, including man, is but like a phantom, and the hope of heaven is as a mirage. 7

"The worldling seeks pleasures fattening himself like a caged fowl.

But the Buddhist saint flies up to the sun like the wild crane.

The fowl in the coop has food but will soon be boiled in the pot.

No provisions are given to the wild crane, but the heavens and the earth are his." 8

The poet said: "The times are hard and teach the people a lesson; yet do they not heed it." And he composed another poem on the vanity of worldliness: 9

"It is good to reform, and it is good to exhort people to reform.

The things of the world will all be swept away.

Let others be busy and buried with care.

My mind all unvexed shall be pure. 10

"After pleasures they hanker and find no satisfaction; Riches they covet and can never have enough.

They are like unto puppets held up by a string.

When the string breaks they come down with a shock. 11

"In the domain of death there are neither great nor small; Neither gold nor silver is used, nor precious jewels.

No distinction is made between the high and the low.

And daily the dead are buried beneath the fragrant sod. 12

"Look at the sun setting behind the western hills.

You lie down to rest, but soon the c.o.c.k will announce morn.

Reform to-day and do not wait until it be too late.

Do not say it is early, for the time quickly pa.s.ses by. 13

"It is good to reform and it is good to exhort people to reform.

It is good to lead a righteous life and take refuge in the Buddha's name.

Your talents may reach to the skies, your wealth may be untold-- But all is in vain unless you attain the peace of Nirvana." 14

XLIV.

SECRECY AND PUBLICITY.

The Buddha said: "Three things, O disciples, are characterized by secrecy: love affairs, priestly wisdom, and all aberrations from the path of truth. 1

"Women who are in love, O disciples, seek secrecy and shun publicity; priests who claim to be in possession of special revelations, O disciples, seek secrecy and shun publicity; all those who stray from the path of truth, O disciples, seek secrecy and shun publicity. 2

"Three things, O disciples, shine before the world and cannot be hidden. What are the three? 3

"The moon, O disciples, illumines the world and cannot be hidden; the sun, O disciples, illumines the world and cannot be hidden; and the truth proclaimed by the Tathagata illumines the world and cannot be hidden. These three things, O disciples, illumine the world and cannot be hidden. There is no secrecy about them." 4

XLV.

THE ANNIHILATION OF SUFFERING.

And the Buddha said: "What, my friends, is evil? 1

"Killing is evil; stealing is evil; yielding to s.e.xual pa.s.sion is evil; lying is evil; slandering is evil; abuse is evil; gossip is evil; envy is evil; hatred is evil; to cling to false doctrine is evil; all these things, my friends, are evil. 2

"And what, my friends, is the root of evil? 3

"Desire is the root of evil; hatred is the root of evil; illusion is the root of evil; these things are the root of evil. 4