"Artificial t.e.s.t.i.c.l.e, World's First to Make Sperm, Under Development by California Scientists," Huffington Post, January 19, 2012, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/19/artificial-t.e.s.t.i.c.l.e_n_1215964.html.

361 the first so-called test tube baby in 1978, Louise Brown

Donna Bowater, "Lesley Brown, Mother of First Test Tube Baby Louise Brown, Dies Aged 64," Telegraph, June 21, 2012.

362 debate about the ethics and propriety of the procedure

Robert Bailey, "The Case for Enhancing People," New Atlantis, June 20, 2012.

363 diminish parental love and weaken generational ties

Ibid.

364 "People want children"

Fiona Macrae, "Death of the Father: British Scientists Discover How to Turn Women's Bone Marrow into Sperm," Daily Mail, January 31, 2008.

365 born to infertile people wanting children

Jeanna Bryner, "5 Million Babies Born from IVF, Other Reproductive Technologies," Live Science, July 3, 2012.

366 I saw this pattern repeated many times

See, for example: Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight and the Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Technology, Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, "Commercialization of Academic Biomedical Research," June 89, 1981; Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight, Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, "Genetic Screening and the Handling of High-Risk Groups in the Workplace," October 1415, 1981.

367 Dr. Christiaan Barnard

Lawrence K. Altman, "Christiaan Barnard, 78, Surgeon for First Heart Transplant, Dies," New York Times, September 3, 2001.

368 "My G.o.d, it's working!"

Personal conversation with author.

369 preimplantation genetic diagnosis

"Saviour Siblings-the Controversy and the Technique," Telegraph, May 6, 2011.

370 "savior sibling"

Ibid.

371 who can serve as an organ

Stephen Wilkinson, " 'Saviour Siblings' as Organ Donors," Sveriges Yngre Lakares Forening (Swedish junior doctors' a.s.sociation), November 2, 2012, http://www.slf.se/SYLF/Moderna-lakare/Artiklar/Nummer-2-2012/Saviour-Siblings-as-Organ-Donors/.

372 tissue

Robert Sparrow and David Cram, "Saviour Embryos? Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis as a Therapeutic Technology," Reproductive BioMedicine Online, May 15, 2010, http://www.ivf.net/ivf/saviour-embryos-preimplantation-genetic-diagnosis-as-a-therapeutic-technology-o5043.html.

373 bone marrow

Josephine Marcotty, " 'Savior Sibling' Raises a Decade of Life-and-Death Questions," Star Tribune, September 22, 2010.

374 or umbilical cord stem cell donor

"Saviour Siblings-the Controversy and the Technique," Telegraph.

375 the instrumental purpose of such conceptions devalues the child

Stephen Wilkinson, Choosing Tomorrow's Children: The Ethics of Selective Reproduction (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010).

376 important cure for the first with the a.s.sistance of the second

K. Devolder, "Preimplantation HLA Typing: Having Children to Save Our Loved Ones," Journal of Medical Ethics 31 (January 2005): 58286.