To Sigmund Koch May 1, 1986 Chicago Dear Professor Koch, I have a letter from Stephen Toulmin informing me that you were close to Delmore Schwartz at NYU before you became a professional psychologist. A substantial recommendation. Stephen tells me that I would find you congenial, and that I wouldn't be squandering scarce time by talking to you. It's the interviewer himself that matters. Too often he heckles or badgers the poor mousy painter or poet, who then becomes obsessed with crazy plans to escape.

I spend my summers in Vermont, and if I succeed in finishing the small book I'm writing by September, I think I might be able to come to Boston for a day or two. But there is not the slightest chance that I will lay aside an incomplete ma.n.u.script to go and chat about aesthetics. The second or third week of September may be possible.

Sincerely yours,

To Barley Alison July 18, 1986 West Brattleboro Dear Barley, Your idea about "Occasional Pieces" looks good on paper, sounds good when read aloud, but I wouldn't dream of molesting Martin Amis who has much more important things to do; it would be a dreadful imposition to ask him to fuss with my old papers. I can see that you don't believe for a single moment that I shall have a book ready to publish by the end of summer. I can always count on you to wave aside my solemnest a.s.surances. Plus ca change, Plus ca change, etc. etc.

Your last letter is too thick to be used as a bookmark and not thick enough to be wedged under my rickety kitchen table. I am unable to use the advice it contains, and I can't come to greater harm by keeping my own counsel.

Really, Alexandra has done one of her most exquisite snowjobs on you. You are one of a regiment of friends whom she has entirely convinced that I I wanted to divorce wanted to divorce her her. It all makes excellent sense: Two brothers die, I turn seventy, and then I put myself out on the street. Do you know this anecdote about the Duke of Wellington? He is approached by a gentleman who asks, "Sir, are you Mr. Jones?" Wellington answers, "Sir, if you can believe that, you can believe anything."

Now a brief and simple statement about Alexandra's mathematics: You can have your research a.s.sistants at Secker [and Warburg] check this out for you at Cambridge or Oxford. The power of even the ablest mathematicians begins to decline in the third decade. Alexandra is now in her fifties. She may enjoy trotting around to congresses where she is sure of a warm welcome because she is pretty and, thanks to me, well-heeled also. She can stand the young prodigies to lunch, but she has little to contribute to the proceedings. She told me with heavy emphasis not many months ago that for a long time she had not been able to obtain significant results in her researches, and that it was ALL MY FAULT.

There is much much more to be said, but I shan't say it.

Much love from your surviving friend,

To John Auerbach July 29, 1986 West Brattleboro Dear John, One of the peculiarities of rural Vermont is that we have no modern touch telephone here, and all efforts to ring you in S'dot Yam last Sunday failed. Probably these rural operators didn't know that there is a country called Israel. I think this note will arrive before your departure on August 11th. I don't know whether Tony [Kerrigan] has mentioned that we saw something of each other last spring in Chicago, and that he was planning to be parachuted into Cuba, his birthplace. Havana for him, Lachine for me, Warsaw for you, N.Y. for Nola-I say nothing of Bucharest-we make quite a cosmopolitan little family, like the people on your kibbutz. (I re-read two of your stories last week, one of them, "The Witch," a marvelous thing; we must try again to place it.) Finally (I am dictating rapidly), I came across a letter from Ken Moore requesting your address, and I saw no harm in giving it to him, although he and Tony are not on good terms. So he will write to S'dot Yam and you will be in Newton, Ma.s.s.

Lots of luck, and love to you both,

To Leon Botstein September 24, 1986 Chicago Dear Leon, Your fiddle is safe in a cupboard in West Brattleboro, Vermont. Had your letter been sent a week earlier I would have brought the instrument to Chicago. Since my house is not far from Marlboro College, it might be brought there if your friend is in a position to come by and claim it. I know of no way to ship it, but the man who takes care of the place when I'm gone might be able to bring it to Bennington or to Greenfield, Ma.s.s. or Brattleboro. I was glad to have a violin to play with, but I couldn't really do it justice, so I shut it in the case with reluctance and haven't gone near it for a year or so.

I had intended sending you a note about William Hunt whom I highly and strongly recommend as a poet and teacher, and also as a person. I used to see him often in Chicago, and I still see him as frequently as I can because he is such an illuminating conversationalist that for days after talking to him I feel elated. He tells me that he has asked you for employment. You've probably made your appointments [at Bard] for the coming year, but if you do have a vacancy you couldn't fill it with a better man.

All best,

To Bobby Markels November 4, 1986 Chicago Dear Bobby, Everything seems to be looking up for you. I thought it could, I thought it would, so I am pleased for your sake. Now that you've got your rose-colored gla.s.ses back on your nose I can tell you that I lost two brothers last year, all the brothers I had, and that my wife decided to divorce me and that I am now seventy-one years of age, and have some afflictions that go with high seniority. Putting together all these events, or disasters, you may better understand why it miffed me to receive from you so many self-engrossed communications. It's not altogether bad to be self-engrossed, but it is difficult to receive heaps of requests for encouragement, promotion and what-not-else. Not that I grudge you such things, but to sit down with pieces of paper before a typewriter and pound out letters on request or demand is not always appealing to injured or troubled parties. I found out when the n.o.bel Prize came my way that I was henceforth to be considered an elder statesman, and a functionary doing good to younger people whose bolt had not yet been shot. If you ever visit my office you will see loads of books to be read, loads of letters to be answered, loads of angels who have no s.p.a.ce to fly in and mult.i.tudes of inflamed nudniks nudniks [ [103] whose mothers told them they were angels, and whose English profs told them that I was a do-gooder: "Send him ma.n.u.scripts, send him 2,481,526 letters of mounting hysteria demanding replies and ending in vituperations and threats." Well, to h.e.l.l with all that. I continue to open letters from people I know or like or love, but it does cross my mind from time to time that although they may like or love me still, they haven't said so in ten or fifteen years and either their feelings have dried out or their manners have gone to h.e.l.l. If you hadn't sent me two nice letters in recent months I wouldn't even be explaining myself. This is a quid pro quo quid pro quo. You stopped shaking my tree and you got one peach gratis gratis.

Yours affectionately, In Memory of Bernard Malamud (Delivered in Bellow's absence by Howard Nemerov at the annual luncheon of the American Academy and Inst.i.tute of Arts and Letters, New York, December 5, 1986) Some thirty-five years ago I gave a talk in Oregon, and Bernard and Ann Malamud came down from Corvallis, where he was teaching, to hear me. I don't remember what I said-from time to time one has to talk-but I do remember our meeting. I was struck by his expressive eyes. I didn't of course know what it was that they were expressing. I couldn't know that until, in the course of years, I had read his novels and stories.

Inland Oregon seemed an odd place for a man from New York, and I can recall thinking that it did Corvallis great credit to have imported such an exotic. He was not an exotic to me. We were cats of the same breed. The sons of Eastern European immigrant Jews, we had gone early into the streets of our respective cities, were Americanized by schools, newspapers, subways, streetcars, sandlots. Melting Pot children, we had a.s.sumed the American program to be the real thing: no barriers to the freest and fullest American choices. Of course we understood that it was no simple civics-course matter. We knew too much about the slums, we had a.s.similated too much dark history in our mothers' kitchens to be radiant optimists. Our prospects were sufficiently bright if we set out to become shopkeepers, druggists, accountants, lawyers. Even doctors, if we were able to vault over the quota system. There were, to be sure, higher ambitions. There were Jewish philosophers like Morris R. Cohen, scholars like [Harry] Wolfson at Harvard. At a more heady level there were [Bernard] Berenson types who entered the cosmopolitan art world and a.s.sociated as equals, or near-equals, with Brahmins and English aristocrats. But if you had no social ambitions of this kind, and no special desire to be rich, to shuffle off emigrant vulgarity and live in an Italian villa, if you set out instead to find a small place for yourself as a writer, you were looking for trouble in uncharted waters, you were asking for it. Of course it was admiration, it was love that drew us to the dazzling company of the great masters, all of them belonging to the Protestant Majority-some of them explicitly anti-Semitic. You had only to think of Henry Adams, or to remember certain pages in Henry James's The American Scene, The American Scene, the anguish of his recoil from East Side Jews. But one could not submit to control by such prejudices. My own view was that in religion the Christians had lived with us, had lived in the Bible of the Jews, but when the Jews wished to live Western history with them they were refused. As if that history were not, by now, also ours. Have the Jews no place in (for instance) the German past? the anguish of his recoil from East Side Jews. But one could not submit to control by such prejudices. My own view was that in religion the Christians had lived with us, had lived in the Bible of the Jews, but when the Jews wished to live Western history with them they were refused. As if that history were not, by now, also ours. Have the Jews no place in (for instance) the German past?

Well, we were here, first-generation Americans, our language was English and a language is a spiritual mansion from which no one can evict us. Malamud in his novels and stories discovered a sort of communicative genius in the impoverished, harsh jargon of immigrant New York. He was a myth-maker, a fabulist, a writer of exquisite parables. The English novelist Anthony Burgess said of him that he "never forgets that he is an American Jew, and he is at his best when posing the situation of a Jew in urban American society." "A remarkably consistent writer," he goes on, "who has never produced a mediocre novel . . . he is devoid of either conventional piety or sentimentality . . . always profoundly convincing." Let me add on my own behalf that the accent of a hard-won and individual emotional truth is always heard in Malamud's words. He is a rich original of the first rank.

1987.

To the Swedish Academy March 6, 1987 Chicago Dear Sirs, I wish to place a nomination for the n.o.bel Prize in Literature. My candidate is Robert Penn Warren, America's eldest and most distinguished poet. Mr. Warren had a poetic rebirth in the sixth and seventh decades of his life and has produced some of his most powerful work in old age. He is now in his early eighties and has never been more fertile. In mid-life he was prodigiously successful (author of All the King's Men All the King's Men and other works of fiction). He is also widely known as a critic and scholar. He has written significant studies of Coleridge, Theodore Dreiser and many others. During the Sixties he wrote extensively about the civil-rights struggle. It is not necessary to make an elaborate case for his eligibility and I trust that the Academy will give serious consideration to this nomination. and other works of fiction). He is also widely known as a critic and scholar. He has written significant studies of Coleridge, Theodore Dreiser and many others. During the Sixties he wrote extensively about the civil-rights struggle. It is not necessary to make an elaborate case for his eligibility and I trust that the Academy will give serious consideration to this nomination.

Sincerely, To Rachel E. G. Schultz June 2, 1987 [W. Brattleboro]

Dear Rachel, When I attended your mother's wedding thirty years ago I knew it was going to be a good thing, with excellent results, and I was dead right. You yourself are one of the best of those results and I send you loving congratulations on your graduation from medical school. It warms my cynical old heart to see that mortal choices sometimes achieve beautiful results. I wish I could come to Cincinnati but I am, to put it succinctly, too beat to travel. Once you finish your residency I will accept anesthetics from n.o.body but you.

Signed, your Great Uncle.

To Cynthia Ozick July 19, 1987 West Brattleboro Dear Cynthia, At the Academy [of Arts and Letters] I was happy to see you, but then a wave of embarra.s.sment struck me when I was reminded of my neglect and bad manners. You didn't mean to embarra.s.s me when you reminded me that I owed you a letter (there had been a gap of two years). The embarra.s.sment came from within, a check to my giddiness. It excited me to have so many wonderful contacts under the Academy's big top. Too many fast currents, too much turbulence, together with a terrible scratching at the heart-a sense that the pleasures of the day were hopeless, too boundless and wild to be enjoyed. There was such a crowd of dear people to see but I had unsettled accounts with all of them.

I should should have written you a letter, it was too late to make the deaths of my brothers an excuse. Since they died, I wrote a book; why not a letter? A mysterious but truthful answer is that while I can gear myself up to do a novel, letters, real-life communications, are too much for me. I used to rattle them off easily enough; why is the challenge of writing to friends and acquaintances too much for me now? Because I have become such a solitary, and not in the Aristotelian sense: not a beast, not a G.o.d. Rather, a loner troubled by longings, incapable of finding a suitable language and despairing at the impossibility of composing messages in a playable key-as if I no longer understood the codes used by the estimable people who wanted to hear from me and would have so much to reply if only the impediments were taken away. By now I have only the cranky idiom of my books-the letters-in-general of an occult personality, a desperately odd somebody who has, as a last resort, invented a technique of self-representation. have written you a letter, it was too late to make the deaths of my brothers an excuse. Since they died, I wrote a book; why not a letter? A mysterious but truthful answer is that while I can gear myself up to do a novel, letters, real-life communications, are too much for me. I used to rattle them off easily enough; why is the challenge of writing to friends and acquaintances too much for me now? Because I have become such a solitary, and not in the Aristotelian sense: not a beast, not a G.o.d. Rather, a loner troubled by longings, incapable of finding a suitable language and despairing at the impossibility of composing messages in a playable key-as if I no longer understood the codes used by the estimable people who wanted to hear from me and would have so much to reply if only the impediments were taken away. By now I have only the cranky idiom of my books-the letters-in-general of an occult personality, a desperately odd somebody who has, as a last resort, invented a technique of self-representation.

You are the sort of person-and writer-to whom I can say such things, my kind of writer (without sclerosis in the matter of letters). I stop short of saying that you are humanly my sort. I have no grounds for that, I know you through your books, which I always read because they are written by the real thing. There aren't too many real things around. (A fact so well known that I would be tedious to elaborate on it.) You might have been one of the dazzling virtuosi, like [William] Gaddis. I might have done well in that line myself if I hadn't for one reason or another set my heart on being one of the real things. Life might have been easier in the literary concert-hall circuit. But Paganini wasn't Jewish.

You probably see what I am clumsily getting at. I've been wending my way toward your Messiah Messiah [ [of Stockholm], and I speak as an admirer, not a critic. About Bruno Schulz I feel very much as you do, and although we have never discussed the Jewish question (or any other), and we would be bound to disagree (as Jewish discussants invariably do), it is certain that we would, at any rate, find each other Jewish enough. But I was puzzled by your Messiah Messiah . I puzzled myself over it. I liked the Hans Christian Andersen charm of your poor earnest young man in a Scandinavian capital, who is quixotic, deluded, fanatical, who lives on a borrowed Jewishness, leads a hydroponic existence and tries so touchingly to design his own selfhood. But when he is challenged by reality, we see the worst of him-nine times nine devils (to go to the other Testament for a moment) rush into him, and in his last state, because he is not the one and only authentic Schulz-interpreter, he becomes a mere literary pro, that is, a non-ent.i.ty. I read your book on the plane to Israel, and in Haifa gave my copy to A. B. Yehoshua. He wanted it, and I urged him to read it. So in writing you, I haven't got a text to refer to, and must trust my memory or the memory of my impressions. When I read it I was highly pleased. When I thought back on it I felt you might have depended too much on your executive powers, your virtuosity (I've often pa.s.sed the same judgment on myself) and that you wanted more from your subject than it actually yielded. [ . . . ] . I puzzled myself over it. I liked the Hans Christian Andersen charm of your poor earnest young man in a Scandinavian capital, who is quixotic, deluded, fanatical, who lives on a borrowed Jewishness, leads a hydroponic existence and tries so touchingly to design his own selfhood. But when he is challenged by reality, we see the worst of him-nine times nine devils (to go to the other Testament for a moment) rush into him, and in his last state, because he is not the one and only authentic Schulz-interpreter, he becomes a mere literary pro, that is, a non-ent.i.ty. I read your book on the plane to Israel, and in Haifa gave my copy to A. B. Yehoshua. He wanted it, and I urged him to read it. So in writing you, I haven't got a text to refer to, and must trust my memory or the memory of my impressions. When I read it I was highly pleased. When I thought back on it I felt you might have depended too much on your executive powers, your virtuosity (I've often pa.s.sed the same judgment on myself) and that you wanted more from your subject than it actually yielded. [ . . . ]

It's perfectly true that "Jewish Writers in America" (a repulsive category!) missed what should have been for them the central event of their time, the destruction of European Jewry. I can't say how our responsibility can be a.s.sessed. We (I speak of Jews now and not merely of writers) should have reckoned more fully, more deeply with it. n.o.body in America seriously took this on and only a few Jews elsewhere (like Primo Levi) were able to comprehend it all. The Jews as a people reacted justly to it. So we have Israel, but in the matter of higher comprehension-well, the mental life of the century having been disfigured by the same forces of deformity that produced the Final Solution, there were no minds fit fit to comprehend. And intellectuals [ . . . ] are trained to expect and demand from art what intellect is unable to do. (Following the foolish conventions of high-mindedness.) All parties then are pa.s.sing the buck and every honest conscience feels the disgrace of it. to comprehend. And intellectuals [ . . . ] are trained to expect and demand from art what intellect is unable to do. (Following the foolish conventions of high-mindedness.) All parties then are pa.s.sing the buck and every honest conscience feels the disgrace of it.

I was too busy becoming a novelist to take note of what was happening in the Forties. I was involved with "literature" and given over to preoccupations with art, with language, with my struggle on the American scene, with claims for recognition of my talent or, like my pals of the Partisan Review Partisan Review, with modernism, Marxism, New Criticism, with Eliot, Yeats, Proust, etc.-with anything except the terrible events in Poland. Growing slowly aware of this unspeakable evasion I didn't even know how to begin to admit it into my inner life. Not a particle of this can be denied. And can I really say-can anyone say-what was to be done, how this "thing" ought ought to have been met? Since the late Forties I have been brooding about it and sometimes I imagine I to have been met? Since the late Forties I have been brooding about it and sometimes I imagine I can can see something. But what such brooding may amount to is probably insignificant. I can't even begin to say what responsibility any of us may bear in such a matter, in a crime so vast that it brings all Being into Judgment. [ . . . ] "Metaphysical aid," as somebody says in see something. But what such brooding may amount to is probably insignificant. I can't even begin to say what responsibility any of us may bear in such a matter, in a crime so vast that it brings all Being into Judgment. [ . . . ] "Metaphysical aid," as somebody says in Macbeth Macbeth (G.o.d forgive the mind for borrowing from such a source in this connection), would be more like it than "responsibility"; intercession from the spiritual world, a.s.suming that there is anybody here capable of being moved by powers n.o.body nowadays takes seriously. Everybody is so "enlightened." By ridding myself of a certain amount of enlightenment I can at least have thoughts of this nature. I entertain them at night while rational censorship is sleeping. Revelation is, after all, at the heart of Jewish understanding, and revelation is something you can't send away for. You can't be ordered to procure it. [ . . . ] (G.o.d forgive the mind for borrowing from such a source in this connection), would be more like it than "responsibility"; intercession from the spiritual world, a.s.suming that there is anybody here capable of being moved by powers n.o.body nowadays takes seriously. Everybody is so "enlightened." By ridding myself of a certain amount of enlightenment I can at least have thoughts of this nature. I entertain them at night while rational censorship is sleeping. Revelation is, after all, at the heart of Jewish understanding, and revelation is something you can't send away for. You can't be ordered to procure it. [ . . . ]

Some paragraphs back I said that you didn't seem to be getting what you really wanted from your Messiah Messiah novel. I can't think that I would offend you by speaking as I speak to myself. I have often rushed into the writing of a book and after thirty or forty pages, just after taking off, I felt that I had made a crazy jump, that I had yielded to a mad convulsion, and that from this convulsion of madness, absolutely uncalled-for and self-generated, I might never recover. At the start the fast take-off seemed such a wonderful and thrilling exploit. I believed in it still. But could I bring it off, would I land safely or fall into the ocean? I experienced the same anxiety in the middle of your novel (the Mediterranean below). You would be fully justified in calling this a projection and turning it against me. Anyway, I did have the sensation of turbulence, a dangerous air-storm. I felt you were brilliant and brave at the controls. [ . . . ] novel. I can't think that I would offend you by speaking as I speak to myself. I have often rushed into the writing of a book and after thirty or forty pages, just after taking off, I felt that I had made a crazy jump, that I had yielded to a mad convulsion, and that from this convulsion of madness, absolutely uncalled-for and self-generated, I might never recover. At the start the fast take-off seemed such a wonderful and thrilling exploit. I believed in it still. But could I bring it off, would I land safely or fall into the ocean? I experienced the same anxiety in the middle of your novel (the Mediterranean below). You would be fully justified in calling this a projection and turning it against me. Anyway, I did have the sensation of turbulence, a dangerous air-storm. I felt you were brilliant and brave at the controls. [ . . . ]

With best wishes,

To Karl Shapiro July 31, 1987 West Brattleboro Dear Karl, Every time I publish a novel it turns out that a test has been administered-no, two tests; in one I am graded by reviewers, while the other is mine, unintentionally given to my fellow Americans. Half of these are totally illiterate, thirty percent more are functionally illiterate, and the rest, while intellectually capable are tremendously unwilling to go along. Democrat that I am, I write for everybody but as you well know not everybody gives a d.a.m.n. Grateful for what I can get, I absolve one and all. We weren't brought up, you and I, to feel superior. The idea of giving the entire USA a Rorschach test in the arts is horrifying. Still, the fatal facts (for example, that our souls are gasping for oxygen) can't be covered up. Sometimes I see in the entire species a single animal as represented in the paintings of the Northwest Coast Indians. All the parts of the creature-eyes, teeth, belly, tail-have been separated and are arranged in the foreground so that teeth or ears or claws are hypertrophied whereas other important parts are diminutive. Well, everything is there there, but the parts for whose development I pray are atrophied. One day they will be restored and judgment will occupy its rightful place.

Meantime my hopes are in people-like you and Sophie-who, like me, have devoted their lives to novels, poems, music, painting, religion and philosophy. To most Americans we are respected freaks ent.i.tled, like everybody else, to live. They don't have to eliminate curbstones for us, as for the blind. Like spastics whose brains outpace computers, or like those clairvoyants to whom the cops turn to find missing bodies when all police methods are exhausted, we have our place. On TV recently I saw a science prodigy with a strange disease, lecturing an audience of astrophysicists through an interpreter trained to understand him. He used a language only two could speak, and long formulas were written on the blackboard. This has got got to mean something to you. to mean something to you.

But there is nothing to complain about. I am lucky to find a few readers who actually approve. To have even a minyan minyan [ [104] is ecstasy. (Do I catch myself saying, after so many decades of devotion to Anglo-American literature, that the Happy Few resemble the Jews!) What I intended when I sat down to write was to thank you and Sophie for your a.s.surance that I was indeed on track, doing what I thought I was doing and even directing my attention to things that had escaped me in my frenzy. And then enclosing the poem, which I re-read several times a week, was magnificently symbolic, an act of certification from another initiate; going me one (or more) better. This is a poem Catullus might have written if he had reached your age-"Goodbye to all that." Liberation ladies may be incensed when they read you, but the poem contains history, and history, as Lincoln a.s.sured us, we can't escape.

My friend Janis and I will be leaving Vermont toward the end of September, but we can and will entertain you almost as splendidly in Chicago.

Yours ever,

The enclosed poem was, in all likelihood, Shapiro's "Adult Bookstore."

To John Auerbach August 5, 1987 W. Brattleboro Dear John, You haven't heard from me because of my mad obstinacy. I have insisted on reaching you by telephone and after some fifty attempts Janis and I were once or twice rewarded with a ring. There was, however, no answer at your end. So I am writing to say that we're well, thriving, recovering from heavy and fatiguing burdens-convalescing. I begin to have hopes of recovery and one of these days you will hear that I have gone back to my desk. [ . . . ]

To tell the truth I have felt somewhat waterlogged and half-sunken in the green heat of New England (an unusually stifling summer), and while I have a lively desire to do things I have very little power to act, so I am both agitated and torpid. I have to tell you that I was, however, moved to write a fairly severe letter to Tony [Kerrigan]. He sent a communication to Commentary Commentary to explain how it was that Borges had been pa.s.sed over by the Swedish Academy and why it was that so many lesser writers had gotten the prize. I did not feel that Yeats, Eliot, Samuel Beckett, Camus, Churchill, etc. were so very far beneath Borges and I was taken by surprise that Kerrigan should say publicly what I have always thought him to think privately. I went after him for that and if he ever does reply to my letter he will probably take refuge in the usual eccentricities. He may or may not mention this to you, and I think it best to speak about it now. I don't really care whether I stand high or low in Tony's hierarchy but I think that my friends or friendly acquaintances should not surprise me in print with their negative opinions. Only yesterday I recommended Tony to the National Endowment for the Humanities for a translator's grant saying that there was no better interpreter of Borges in English. I mention this to a.s.sure you that I am not persecuting him. to explain how it was that Borges had been pa.s.sed over by the Swedish Academy and why it was that so many lesser writers had gotten the prize. I did not feel that Yeats, Eliot, Samuel Beckett, Camus, Churchill, etc. were so very far beneath Borges and I was taken by surprise that Kerrigan should say publicly what I have always thought him to think privately. I went after him for that and if he ever does reply to my letter he will probably take refuge in the usual eccentricities. He may or may not mention this to you, and I think it best to speak about it now. I don't really care whether I stand high or low in Tony's hierarchy but I think that my friends or friendly acquaintances should not surprise me in print with their negative opinions. Only yesterday I recommended Tony to the National Endowment for the Humanities for a translator's grant saying that there was no better interpreter of Borges in English. I mention this to a.s.sure you that I am not persecuting him.

Borges declared long ago that contemporary writers ought not to do novels and as Tony is faithful to the master I have a rabbinical problem with him. Every man to his own orthodoxy. Even if I say so myself, More Die of Heartbreak More Die of Heartbreak is a better read than the Borges story on Raimondo Llull, submitted by Tony with his application for the National Endowment for the Humanities, with its mystical diagrams from the Middle Ages. But I know that a falling out between two of your friends makes you uncomfortable, so I want to tell you simply that I wasn't falling out but only acting from self-respect, drawing the line with Tony. Nor do I intend to quarrel with [A.B.] Yehoshua, for whom I have a genuine liking (with only minimal reservations). I intend to write him a conciliatory epistle this very day. is a better read than the Borges story on Raimondo Llull, submitted by Tony with his application for the National Endowment for the Humanities, with its mystical diagrams from the Middle Ages. But I know that a falling out between two of your friends makes you uncomfortable, so I want to tell you simply that I wasn't falling out but only acting from self-respect, drawing the line with Tony. Nor do I intend to quarrel with [A.B.] Yehoshua, for whom I have a genuine liking (with only minimal reservations). I intend to write him a conciliatory epistle this very day.

The flowers around the house come and go and only Janis holds her ground, flower-like but not subject to blossoming and decay like the vegetable kingdom.

Affectionate greetings to Nola.

With much love,

To Wright Morris August 10, 1987 West Brattleboro Dear Wright, I hope you will send me a copy of The Origin of Sadness The Origin of Sadness which you say is a meditation on our shared losses. We have had a long friendship and an unusual one, if you bear in mind a certain oddity in our two shapes, a permanent incongruity. I mention it because this time we got out of hailing distance entirely. which you say is a meditation on our shared losses. We have had a long friendship and an unusual one, if you bear in mind a certain oddity in our two shapes, a permanent incongruity. I mention it because this time we got out of hailing distance entirely. More Die of Heartbreak More Die of Heartbreak is a funny book, or was meant to be. Your radar for laughter must have been pointed the wrong way. Your welcome and charming letter compliments me on restoring the word "soul" to common usage and then you say that I confuse "ego-crack" (a Californian category) with heartbreak. Now it seems to me that people who will not use the word is a funny book, or was meant to be. Your radar for laughter must have been pointed the wrong way. Your welcome and charming letter compliments me on restoring the word "soul" to common usage and then you say that I confuse "ego-crack" (a Californian category) with heartbreak. Now it seems to me that people who will not use the word soul soul and are by now unaware that any such thing exists will surely experience a kind of inner suffocation. I have taken the liberty to describe this as heartbreak. Killing sorrow would be an acceptable alternative as in our old friend Chaucer: "Sorrow at hearte killeth full many a manne." With this double invocation of poetic license I send you a comradely embrace. and are by now unaware that any such thing exists will surely experience a kind of inner suffocation. I have taken the liberty to describe this as heartbreak. Killing sorrow would be an acceptable alternative as in our old friend Chaucer: "Sorrow at hearte killeth full many a manne." With this double invocation of poetic license I send you a comradely embrace.

Nowadays overlooked, Wright Morris (1910-98) was the greatly admired author of The World in the Attic The World in the Attic (1949), (1949), Man and Boy Man and Boy (1951), (1951), The Works of Love The Works of Love (1952), (1952), The Field of Vision The Field of Vision (1956), (1956), Ceremony in Lone Tree Ceremony in Lone Tree (1960) and (1960) and Plains Song Plains Song (1980). He twice won the National Book Award for Fiction. A native of Nebraska, where most of his novels are set, Morris lived for many years in Mill Valley, California. (1980). He twice won the National Book Award for Fiction. A native of Nebraska, where most of his novels are set, Morris lived for many years in Mill Valley, California.

To Ann Malamud August 30, 1987 West Brattleboro Dear Ann: Your note about More More [ [Die of Heartbreak] was particularly pleasing because I have come, over the years, to value your opinion. It takes longer to see the wife of another writer clearly, that's the odd truth. It isn't easy to get a direct view of her, especially if you see her not oftener than twice a year. But you bowled me over when you identified d.i.c.k Rovere in The Dean's December The Dean's December . That was either clairvoyance or genius. I began to listen attentively. True readers are about as small in number as the Apostles. The road is rocky and getting rockier all the time, and all but a few have been bounced off the wagon. (You were lucky to have read only one review-the full picture is appalling.) I think I might have done more to make the meaning of the t.i.tle clearer: People are now supposed to be dying of . That was either clairvoyance or genius. I began to listen attentively. True readers are about as small in number as the Apostles. The road is rocky and getting rockier all the time, and all but a few have been bounced off the wagon. (You were lucky to have read only one review-the full picture is appalling.) I think I might have done more to make the meaning of the t.i.tle clearer: People are now supposed to be dying of external external causes. Their own souls are of no account, a cause of causes. Their own souls are of no account, a cause of nothing nothing. So human nature, gone underground to a greater depth than ever before, way below Plato's cave, thinks only about biochemistry and lives in total ignorance of itself. To me this naturally seemed a truly comic theme.

I like what you say about the old Jews. Still, I wonder sometimes whether America hasn't been too much for them.

Yours most affectionately, To Martin Amis October 20, 1987 Chicago Dear Martin, I make plans and then have to cancel them, so the pain schedule is fairly steady but the anxiety schedule is always full to overflowing. My own health is none too good and I have a sister who is older and far sicker, in need of care. She is just out of the hospital and has to be looked after until late November when she goes to Florida. It would have made me miserable to have run off to London and its pleasures with only a nurse to look in on her twice weekly.

I'm glad to hear that you are finishing a novel. I desperately need something new to read. Returning from Vermont I found my office stacked with recent books, and when I sized them up I asked what might be in them that I couldn't do without-was there in those heaps a single page containing what is absolutely essential to expansion or survival? Long and bitter experience has jammed the answer into both ears, as definite as doom. Not an ounce of survival in any of these these.

I already mentioned to two London interviewers that in the younger generation on either side of the Atlantic you stand out like the evening star. So they will will think that you and I are in cahoots, ganging up on everybody else, conspiring to take the candy away from the other babies. But I am much too old for candy and oddly enough (for a writer of fiction) I have for some years now been saying exactly what I think (whenever I know what that is). The conspiratorial imagination is terrible lively hereabouts. Word has gone out that my friend Allan Bloom is nothing but one of my fictional creations and that I have put him over on the USA, successful book and all. So one does lay oneself open to accusations by being friendly and generous to me, and you think that you and I are in cahoots, ganging up on everybody else, conspiring to take the candy away from the other babies. But I am much too old for candy and oddly enough (for a writer of fiction) I have for some years now been saying exactly what I think (whenever I know what that is). The conspiratorial imagination is terrible lively hereabouts. Word has gone out that my friend Allan Bloom is nothing but one of my fictional creations and that I have put him over on the USA, successful book and all. So one does lay oneself open to accusations by being friendly and generous to me, and you were were generous, when you agreed to do a BBC number. That at least I shall be sparing you by nursing sister Jane in Chicago. [ . . . ] I'm sorry that we shan't be eating a jolly dinner together. It's still possible that Janis and I might fly over in December, but if that doesn't work out we shall both entertain you handsomely in Vermont next summer. generous, when you agreed to do a BBC number. That at least I shall be sparing you by nursing sister Jane in Chicago. [ . . . ] I'm sorry that we shan't be eating a jolly dinner together. It's still possible that Janis and I might fly over in December, but if that doesn't work out we shall both entertain you handsomely in Vermont next summer.

Yours as ever,

1988.

To Todd Grimson January 27, 1988 Chicago Dear Mr. Grimson: This mill grinds slowly, but it does grind. Thank you for your letter of last August. I put it aside with a sense that you are nice not to ask me to do anything. I was then and am now somewhere on that wall to which people refer when they say-"driven up the wall."

I had not heard about George [Sarant]'s heart attack [though by now] old friends of his father's have told me about it. He and I have not been faithful correspondents, so will you tell him for me how very sorry I am? If he is as you say a Reichian or neo-Reichian he will have no use for such sentiments but I am an old friend of the family and remember him as a small boy and I must therefore be allowed to have the feelings of an old friend of the family.

It is hard to keep up with new books especially when you feel continually that time is running out and that one cannot afford to pick up a new novel enthusiastically. Three or four new books arrive daily, to say nothing of letters, magazines, booklets, brochures, appeals, cables and unsolicited ma.n.u.scripts. I do try, however, to look into all the books. I read a few pages and if I am (the rare case) fascinated I sit down and read the whole thing through. When Oscar Wilde said he could resist anything except temptation he may have meant that he was seldom tempted. Subst.i.tute fascination for temptation and my own case is covered. [ . . . ]

Sincerely yours,

To John Auerbach March 1, 1988 W. Brattleboro Dear John, Janis and I have come to Vermont for ten days and we are now sitting in the kitchen in winter sunshine. Smadar [Auerbach's daughter] and her husband have been very kind, informing us about your surgery which by all reports has been difficult and dangerous, and in our own way we have been going through the whole thing with you from afar-for all the good that may do. The only good we can do is to tell you from a distance of thousands of miles how dear you are to us and how much we want to see you.

I remember that Freud somewhere said that happiness begins when the pain stops, so that our gratifications may be described as one escape after another. If Janis and I are happy here it is as refugees from Chicago. In Vermont we can walk up and down the roads without fear of being overtaken by some drug addict, s.e.x maniac or gunman. We not only walk, we also cross-country ski. Janis has taught me at my advanced age how to keep from falling down. And how once down to rise from my behind to my feet. I get some boyish enjoyment from this. I suppose that age is one of those conditions from which occasional remissions bring some pleasure. Maybe that's what second childhood really means. I have also brought some ma.n.u.scripts out here, my most dependable opiate, as well as books by the dozen. I haven't yet learned that I can't expect to read them all, but I cling to them as pious Christians do their beads or clergymen their missals. But I do go out of doors and rinse my brains in G.o.d's icy air without knowing whether the tears in my eyes come from the cold wind or grat.i.tude to my Creator. The children come: Daniel was here last weekend and Adam and his wife and baby will be here soon. No mail arrives from Chicago, it will all be waiting for us next Monday, stacks of letters and bills. I can't understand how so many insurance companies can have found their way into the list of my dependents.

Tony Kerrigan is spending the winter in Brooklyn with friends or nafkes nafkes [ [105] or both. We are on good terms and exchange letters now and then. I sometimes have the feeling that Tony is always suggesting changes to me, hopeful corrections of my character. If it's not too late to learn. I joke with you a bit out of helplessness. All that a friend can do is love you and these small jokes which are love's tr.i.m.m.i.n.gs. We will try to telephone when you have returned to the kibbutz.

Meanwhile, Janis and I send our love to you and Nola.

Ever your friend,

To Rachel E. G. Schultz March 11, 1988 Chicago Dear Rachel, Bad of me not to have answered your thoughtful and beautiful letter. You will understand though, with a slight allowance for poetic license, that like you I am often up in the night with the sick, both sick characters (fictional) and my own ailing neurasthenic self. There are enough sufferers to keep us all busy day and night.

I was touched by what you said about my brother [Sam]-your grandfather-and interested in your observation about his awkwardness and discomfort with women, even with his own granddaughters. Your mother and I have often, since his death, talked about him and I think that my brother, in spite of his considerable charm, was never at ease even with members of his immediate family. In the world he made a great success, but his intimacies were all crippled. I am convinced that he was forever apologizing for his inadequacies. As an adolescent he had a very normal interest in girls, but he also felt menaced by them and took refuge in marital safety. You and your contemporaries would find it hard to grasp the degree of s.e.xual terror that afflicted people of an older generation. It seems to me that my brother's terror took the form eventually of retreat. He shrank into himself and in effect turned himself over to his wife, who offered him a fortress of orthodoxy, in which she could persecute him to her heart's content. About business he was able to think comprehensively and clearly but he had little insight into the people who surrounded him and took him over. His is a case of a man so dominated by self-doubt and fear that he never learned to make any significant human judgments other than business judgments. I saw this, I knew the history of these weaknesses as intimately as only a sibling can, I pitied him for it, and I loved him without any expectation of a return. He forgave me even my numerous and preposterous marriages, by which he must in some way have felt threatened. But I didn't ask him for anything and I knew that he would never understand what I was up to. I learned to love both my brothers and my sister to the extent that they were lovable and even a bit beyond, and it made not the slightest difference to me that I couldn't even begin to talk to them. I had to forgo all communication except what long-standing family love going back to childhood made possible. But that was a great deal. Some four thousand years of Jewish history went into it-I don't mean Talmudic history or anything of that sort. I mean the history of Jewish feeling.

That you should have seen this moves me. A delightful development which I never antic.i.p.ated: The things that couldn't be said to members of my generation can be said to nieces and great nieces and, here and there, to my own children.

Lots of love, Your doting G.U.

To Philip Roth March 15, 1988 Chicago Dear Philip, Now that I have decided not to attend Abba Eban's Brussels Conference (my sidekick would have been another friend of Israel, Mr. P. Klutznick of Water Tower Place), I can look forward to seeing you instead and perhaps hearing Claire reading from Virginia Woolf. If you like I will entertain you with an account of my residence at the old Woolf House in Rodmell, about fifteen years ago. I was there for some six weeks. I think the French word would have been sequestre sequestre. Nothing to compare with the horrors of the Demjanjuk trial. You must tell me about those. As for the little talk, I would like nothing better.

I read of your recent award [National Book Award for The Counterlife The Counterlife] with delight. There's so little in the newspapers these days to be pleased about. (I write this on March 15th, Primary Day in Chicago. I don't look forward to the results in the Tribune Tribune tomorrow morning.) tomorrow morning.) Yours ever,