805. "From May onwards, prisoners" 114 Field Regiment RA, narrative loaned to the author. "From May onwards, prisoners" 114 Field Regiment RA, narrative loaned to the author.

806. "I could not think of anything else to do" Winton, op. cit., p. 210. "I could not think of anything else to do" Winton, op. cit., p. 210.

807. "Ma.s.s air attacks" USNA RG496 Box 809. "Ma.s.s air attacks" USNA RG496 Box 809.

808. "It would have been not only unfair" Slim, op. cit., p. 522. "It would have been not only unfair" Slim, op. cit., p. 522.

809. "I am trying very hard" BNA WO203/55. "I am trying very hard" BNA WO203/55.

810. "We must naturally be prepared" H. G. Nicholas (ed.), "We must naturally be prepared" H. G. Nicholas (ed.), Washington Despatches Washington Despatches, Weidenfeld & Nicolson 1981, p. 559.

811. "The Americans are virtually conducting" BNA FO371/f1955 Sterndale Bennett. "The Americans are virtually conducting" BNA FO371/f1955 Sterndale Bennett.

812. "To hear some people talk" Quoted R. G. Sherwood, "To hear some people talk" Quoted R. G. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins Roosevelt and Hopkins, New York 1948, p. 921.

813. "I often think that we might" BNA WO203/5610. "I often think that we might" BNA WO203/5610.

814. "It will look very bad in history" BNA PREM 3/178-3. "It will look very bad in history" BNA PREM 3/178-3.

815. "an awfully sweet guy" Quoted Robert Shaplen, "an awfully sweet guy" Quoted Robert Shaplen, The Lost Revolution The Lost Revolution, Deutsch 1966, p. 29.

816. "undisciplined, underequipped and dest.i.tute" Unless otherwise cited, all quotations and details given in this pa.s.sage are taken from Peter Dunn's "undisciplined, underequipped and dest.i.tute" Unless otherwise cited, all quotations and details given in this pa.s.sage are taken from Peter Dunn's The First Vietnam War The First Vietnam War, Hurst 1985.

817. "considerable a.s.sistance from [the] British" ibid., p. 108. "considerable a.s.sistance from [the] British" ibid., p. 108.

818. "The division of French Indochina" ibid., p. 112. "The division of French Indochina" ibid., p. 112.

819. "Keep off Russo-j.a.panese" BNA WO203/368 27.7.45. "Keep off Russo-j.a.panese" BNA WO203/368 27.7.45.

820. "There was disorderly behaviour" Col. Saburo Hayashi with Alvin D. Coox, "There was disorderly behaviour" Col. Saburo Hayashi with Alvin D. Coox, Kogun: The j.a.panese Army in the Pacific War Kogun: The j.a.panese Army in the Pacific War, Marine Corps a.s.sociation 1959, p. 151.

821. "Those of us who knew" Horikoshi diary quoted "Those of us who knew" Horikoshi diary quoted Zero! Zero!, op. cit., p. 333.

822. "It seemed unbelievable" AI DeTour. "It seemed unbelievable" AI DeTour.

823. "When I took him to task" Clark, op. cit., p. 209. "When I took him to task" Clark, op. cit., p. 209.

824. "We had the usual fun" "We had the usual fun" Flight Quarters Flight Quarters, op. cit., p. 103.

825. "At Mick Carney's insistence" Halsey and Whittlesey, op. cit., p. 304. "At Mick Carney's insistence" Halsey and Whittlesey, op. cit., p. 304.

826. "It was all a matter of upbringing" AI Kikuchi. "It was all a matter of upbringing" AI Kikuchi.

827. "We felt that "We felt that kaiten kaiten offered us" AI Konada. offered us" AI Konada.

828. "It is almost impossible not to believe" Frank, op. cit., p. 276. "It is almost impossible not to believe" Frank, op. cit., p. 276.

829. "Ye stupid sods!" Fraser, op. cit., p. 124. "Ye stupid sods!" Fraser, op. cit., p. 124.

CHAPTER NINETEEN * THE BOMBS.

830. "Every Russian killed" James J. Halsema, quoted Clayton James, op. cit., p. 774. "Every Russian killed" James J. Halsema, quoted Clayton James, op. cit., p. 774.

831. "When we are vexed" BNA PREM3/472 17.10.44. "When we are vexed" BNA PREM3/472 17.10.44.

832. "We must not invade j.a.pan proper" U.S. Dept. of Defense, "We must not invade j.a.pan proper" U.S. Dept. of Defense, The Entry of the Soviet Union into the War Against j.a.pan: Military Plans, The Entry of the Soviet Union into the War Against j.a.pan: Military Plans, 194145, Washington, D.C. 1955, pp. 5051. 194145, Washington, D.C. 1955, pp. 5051.

833. "Everybody wants the Roosh" Swing, op. cit., 28.5.45. "Everybody wants the Roosh" Swing, op. cit., 28.5.45.

834. "There are notes" H. G. Nicholas, op. cit., p. 559. "There are notes" H. G. Nicholas, op. cit., p. 559.

835. "the biggest sonofab.i.t.c.h" Quoted Richard Rhodes, "the biggest sonofab.i.t.c.h" Quoted Richard Rhodes, Ultimate Powers Ultimate Powers, Simon & Schuster 1986, p. 393.

836. "We really held all the cards" Stimson diary 14.5.45. 454 "[The] meeting leaves a mental picture" USNA RG457 Box 24. "We really held all the cards" Stimson diary 14.5.45. 454 "[The] meeting leaves a mental picture" USNA RG457 Box 24.

837. "j.a.pan has made special efforts" Ok.u.miya and Horikoshi, op. cit., p. 335. "j.a.pan has made special efforts" Ok.u.miya and Horikoshi, op. cit., p. 335.

838. "To comprehend the president's behaviour" Professor Robert H. Ferrell, "To comprehend the president's behaviour" Professor Robert H. Ferrell, Harry S. Truman and the Bomb Harry S. Truman and the Bomb, High Plains Publishing 1996.

839. "both because of the enormous reduction" West Point Archive, George A. Lincoln Papers. "both because of the enormous reduction" West Point Archive, George A. Lincoln Papers.

840. "Generally it is believed" Nicholas, op. cit., pp. 593, 595. "Generally it is believed" Nicholas, op. cit., pp. 593, 595.

841. "A great many people feel" USAMHI, Eichelberger Papers, "Dearest Miss Em," op. cit. "A great many people feel" USAMHI, Eichelberger Papers, "Dearest Miss Em," op. cit.

842. "Perhaps this statement" Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, "Perhaps this statement" Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, Racing the Enemy Racing the Enemy, Belknap, Harvard 2005, p. 135.

843. "We had a most" Truman diaries, ed. Ferrell, op. cit., 16.7.45. "We had a most" Truman diaries, ed. Ferrell, op. cit., 16.7.45.

844. "that at any rate they had something" BNA PREM479/2. "that at any rate they had something" BNA PREM479/2.

845. "The preoccupation" Freedman and Dockrill, op. cit., p. 195. "The preoccupation" Freedman and Dockrill, op. cit., p. 195.

846. "all things are always" WSC to Portal 7.10.41. "all things are always" WSC to Portal 7.10.41.

847. "Her unwillingness to surrender" Quoted Frank, op. cit., p. 232. "Her unwillingness to surrender" Quoted Frank, op. cit., p. 232.

848. "Subject: Bombs Away" USAF Historical Research gp-509-su JulyAugust 1945. "Subject: Bombs Away" USAF Historical Research gp-509-su JulyAugust 1945.

849. "Official investigation of the results" LC Arnold Papers Box 256. "Official investigation of the results" LC Arnold Papers Box 256.

850. "The lurid fantasies" H. G. Nicholas, op. cit., 11.8.45. "The lurid fantasies" H. G. Nicholas, op. cit., 11.8.45.

851. "Old Joe called upstairs" 7.8.45, "Old Joe called upstairs" 7.8.45, Nella Last's War Nella Last's War, Sphere 1983.

852. "From what we knew" USAMHI Eddleman Papers. "From what we knew" USAMHI Eddleman Papers.

853. "It is now widely held" Fraser, op. cit., p. xx. "It is now widely held" Fraser, op. cit., p. xx.

854. "Stephen-a ghastly thing has happened" Abbott, op. cit., p. 95. "Stephen-a ghastly thing has happened" Abbott, op. cit., p. 95.

CHAPTER TWENTY * MANCHURIA: THE BEAR'S CLAWS.

855. "It was the worst" Ivanov, op. cit., p. 381. "It was the worst" Ivanov, op. cit., p. 381.

856. "This was the last great military operation" This chapter owes much to Col. David M. Glantz's ma.s.sive two-volume narrative of the campaign, "This was the last great military operation" This chapter owes much to Col. David M. Glantz's ma.s.sive two-volume narrative of the campaign, The Soviet Offensive in Manchuria, The Soviet Offensive in Manchuria, 1945, and 1945, and Soviet Operational and Tactical Combat in Manchuria Soviet Operational and Tactical Combat in Manchuria 1945, Ca.s.s 2003, supported by j.a.panese and Chinese accounts and author interviews, together with interviews with and personal accounts by Soviet veterans. 1945, Ca.s.s 2003, supported by j.a.panese and Chinese accounts and author interviews, together with interviews with and personal accounts by Soviet veterans.

857. "a still more shocking report" Ok.u.miya and Horikoshi, op. cit., p. 321. "a still more shocking report" Ok.u.miya and Horikoshi, op. cit., p. 321.

858. "At last!" AI Funaki. "At last!" AI Funaki.

859. "The Soviet Union's aims" VOV 389, P. N. Pospelov, "The Soviet Union's aims" VOV 389, P. N. Pospelov, History of the Great Patriotic War History of the Great Patriotic War, Moscow, Voenizdat 1963, Vol. V.

860. "Ah, boys, they are taking you" Ivanov, op. cit., p. 320. "Ah, boys, they are taking you" Ivanov, op. cit., p. 320.

861. "Uncles, is our daddy" ibid. "Uncles, is our daddy" ibid.

862. "Everyone slept a lot" ibid., p. 322. "Everyone slept a lot" ibid., p. 322.

863. "I was twenty-two" AI Chervyakov. "I was twenty-two" AI Chervyakov.

864. "Please, Lyosha, could you ask" AI Fillipov. "Please, Lyosha, could you ask" AI Fillipov.

865. "we came to realise the price" Ivanov, op. cit., p. 320. "we came to realise the price" Ivanov, op. cit., p. 320.

866. "What a host is moving east!" ibid., p. 322. "What a host is moving east!" ibid., p. 322.

867. "there was that perpetual uncertainty" "there was that perpetual uncertainty" Ya Dralsya S Samurayami Ya Dralsya S Samurayami, Moscow 2005, p. 383.

868. "I'd taken part in plenty of offensives" ibid., p. 322. "I'd taken part in plenty of offensives" ibid., p. 322.

869. "Machine-gunner Anatoly Shilov" Ivanov, op. cit., p. 343. "Machine-gunner Anatoly Shilov" Ivanov, op. cit., p. 343.

870. "It took us a week" ibid., p. 324. "It took us a week" ibid., p. 324.

871. "Guys rubbished the Americans" ibid., p. 322. "Guys rubbished the Americans" ibid., p. 322.

872. "Some j.a.panese bayonets" USAMHI POW monograph no. 154-b Col. Hiroshi Matsumoto. "Some j.a.panese bayonets" USAMHI POW monograph no. 154-b Col. Hiroshi Matsumoto.

873. "They were simply skin and bones" Ivanov, op. cit., p. 325. "They were simply skin and bones" Ivanov, op. cit., p. 325.

874. "In the hours before the a.s.sault" ibid., p. 292. "In the hours before the a.s.sault" ibid., p. 292.

875. "Say h.e.l.lo to the Manchurians" AI Fillipov. "Say h.e.l.lo to the Manchurians" AI Fillipov.

876. "Soon there was this crazy heat" Ivanov, op. cit., p. 327. "Soon there was this crazy heat" Ivanov, op. cit., p. 327.

877. "Sixty years have pa.s.sed" ibid., p. 292. "Sixty years have pa.s.sed" ibid., p. 292.

878. "If your majesty does not go" Pu Yi, op. cit., p. 317. "If your majesty does not go" Pu Yi, op. cit., p. 317.

879. "These created hazards" "These created hazards" In the Hills of Manchuria In the Hills of Manchuria, Military Herald Military Herald no. 12, 1980, p. 30. no. 12, 1980, p. 30.

880. "The Russians solved the problem" Ivanov, op. cit., p. 379. "The Russians solved the problem" Ivanov, op. cit., p. 379.

881. "The road widened somewhat" Belobodorov, op. cit., p. 50. "The road widened somewhat" Belobodorov, op. cit., p. 50.

882. "Yet even when tanks were hit" JM154, 293, quoted Glantz, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 173. "Yet even when tanks were hit" JM154, 293, quoted Glantz, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 173.

883. "Because of the difficulty of holding" Quoted ibid., p. 103. "Because of the difficulty of holding" Quoted ibid., p. 103.

884. "Soviet pilot Boris Ratner's wing" AI Ratner. "Soviet pilot Boris Ratner's wing" AI Ratner.

885. "Many j.a.panese lacked the will" AI Hongbin. "Many j.a.panese lacked the will" AI Hongbin.

886. "Units advanced from hill to hill" Quoted Glantz, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 178. "Units advanced from hill to hill" Quoted Glantz, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 178.

887. "We were completely exhausted" Ivanov, op. cit., p. 304. "We were completely exhausted" Ivanov, op. cit., p. 304.

888. "The 59th Cavalry Division faced special difficulties" ibid., p. 364. "The 59th Cavalry Division faced special difficulties" ibid., p. 364.

889. "I could never have believed" AI Petryakov. "I could never have believed" AI Petryakov.

890. "At first, we were so thrilled" Ivanov, op. cit., p. 331. "At first, we were so thrilled" Ivanov, op. cit., p. 331.

891. "We're too late again" ibid., p. 306. "We're too late again" ibid., p. 306.

892. "The stench was indescribable" ibid., p. 350. "The stench was indescribable" ibid., p. 350.

893. "They went mad and stung" ibid., p. 351. "They went mad and stung" ibid., p. 351.

894. "They deserved everything" AI Li Dongguan. "They deserved everything" AI Li Dongguan.

895. "who gave us a great welcome" AI Jiang De. "who gave us a great welcome" AI Jiang De.

896. "This was no country stroll" Ivanov, op. cit., p. 314. "This was no country stroll" Ivanov, op. cit., p. 314.