[1095] Thomson's Western Himalaya and Thibet, p. 292. London, 1852. Cunningham, vol. xvii. Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, pp.

241, 277.

[1096] Alciphron, or the Minute Philosopher, vol. ii. pp. 84, 85, 1732.

[1097] Davy, Consolations in Travel, p. 276.

[1098] Essay on the Vicissitude of Things.

[1099] On Freshwater Marl, &c. By C. Lyell. Geol. Trans., vol.

ii., second series, p. 73.

[1100] See Desmarest's Crustacea, pl. 55.

[1101] Dr. Bigsby, Journ. of Science, &c. No. x.x.xvii. pp. 262, 263.

[1102] Mantell, Geol. of Suss.e.x, p. 285; also Catalogue of Org. Rem., Geol. Trans., vol. iii. part i p. 201., 2nd series.

[1103] Page 276.

[1104] Page 460.

[1105] Page 599.

[1106] Forchhammer, Report British a.s.soc. 1844.

[1107] Fleming's Brit. Animals, p. 37; in which work other cases are enumerated.

[1108] Quart. Journ. of Lit. Sci., &c., No. xv., p. 172. Oct.

1819.

[1109] This specimen has been presented by Mr. Lonsdale to the Geological Society of London.

[1110] The most conspicuous of the bones represented within the sh.e.l.l in fig. 107, appear to be the clavicle and coracoid bone. They are hollow; and for this reason resemble, at first sight, the bones of birds rather than of reptiles; for the latter have no medullary cavity. Prof. Owen, of the College of Surgeons, in order to elucidate this point, dissected for me a very young turtle, and found that the exterior portion only of the bones was ossified, the interior being still filled with cartilage. This cartilage soon dried up and shrank to a mere thread upon the evaporation of the spirits of wine in which the specimen had been preserved, so that in a short time the bones became as empty as those of birds.

[1111] Ehrenberg, Nat. und Bild. der Coralleninseln. &c., Berlin, 1834.

[1112] See Ehrenberg's work above cited, p. 751.

[1113] Stutchbury, West of England Journal, No. i. p. 49.

[1114] Darwin's Coral Reefs, p. 77.

[1115] Ibid. 78.

[1116] Voyage to the Pacific, &c. in 1825-28.

[1117] Darwin's Journal, &c., p. 540, and new edit., of 1845, p. 453.

[1118] Darwin's Journal, &c., pp. 547, 548., and 2d edit., of 1845, p. 460.

[1119] Kotzebue's Voy., 1815-18, vol. iii. pp. 331-333.

[1120] Stutchbury, West of Eng. Journ., No. i. p. 50.

[1121] Captain Beechey, part i. p. 188.

[1122] Captain Moresby on the Maldives, Journ. Roy. Geograph.

Soc., vol. V. part ii. p. 400.

[1123] See above, p. 442.

[1124] Darwin, Volcanic Islands, p. 113.

[1125] Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. 4. XCIII.

[1126] Darwin's Journal, p. 557. 2d edit. chap. 20, and Coral Islands, chapters 1, 2, 3.

[1127] See Principles of Geology, 1st edit., vol. ii. p. 296.

[1128] Voyage to the Pacific, &c., p. 189.

[1129] See Principles of Geology, 1st ed., 1832, vol. ii. p.

293.

[1130] Beechey's Voyage to the Pacific, &c., p. 46.

[1131] Voyage to the Pacific, &c., p. 194.

[1132] Scotsman, Nov. 1842, and Jameson's Edin. Journ. of Science, 1843.

[1133] Trans. Geol. Soc., London, 2d series, vol. v.

[1134] Beechey's Voyage, vol. i. p. 45.

[1135] Paper read to Brit. a.s.soc., Southampton, 1846.

[1136] Letter to Mr. Maclaren, Scotsman, 1843.

GLOSSARY

OF GEOLOGICAL AND OTHER SCIENTIFIC TERMS USED IN THIS WORK.

ACEPHALOUS. The Acephala are that division of molluscous animals which, like the oyster and scallop, are without heads. The cla.s.s Acephala of Cuvier comprehends many genera of animals with bivalve sh.e.l.ls, and a few which are devoid of sh.e.l.ls. _Etym._, a, _a_, without, and ?efa??, _cephale_, the head.

ACIDULOUS. Slightly acid.