[489] Verneur, Journal des Voyages, tom. iv. p. 111. Von Hoff, vol. ii. p. 275.

[490] Lib. v.

[491] Nat. Hist. lib. iii. c. 6.

[492] See Poulett Scrope, Geol. Trans. 2d series, vol. ii. pl.

34.

[493] De Rerum Nat. vi. 740.--Forbes, on Bay of Naples, Edin.

Journ. of Sci. No iii. new series, p. 87. Jan. 1830.

[494] Humboldt, Voy. p. 317.

[495] Von Buch, Ueber einen vulcanischen Ausbruch auf der Insel Lanzerote.

[496] Haustae aut obrutae urbes.--Hist. lib. i.

[497] Hist. Rom. lib. lxvi.

[498] The earliest authority, says Mr. Forbes, given for this fact, appears to be Capaccio, quoted in the Terra Tremante of Bonito.--Edin. Journ. of Sci. &c. No. i. new series, p. 127.

July, 1829.

[499] Geol. Trans. second series, vol. ii. p. 346.

[500] Lib. vi. de Bello Neap. in Graevii Thesaur.

[501] Prodig. libel. c. cxiv.

[502] This representation of the Phlegraean Fields is reduced from part of Plate x.x.xi. of Sir William Hamilton's great work "Campi Phlegraei." The faithfulness of his colored delineations of the scenery of that country cannot be too highly praised.

[503] Campi Phlegraei, p. 70.

[504] Campi Phlegraei, p. 77.

[505] P. 347. Paris, 1836.

[506] "Magnus terrae tractus, qui inter radices montis, quem Barbarum incolae appellant, et mare juxta Avernum jacet, sese erigere videbatur, et montis subit nascentis figuram imitari.

Eo ipso die hora noctis II., iste terrae c.u.mulus, aperto veluti ore, magno c.u.m fremitu, magnos ignes evomuit; pumicesque, et lapides, cineresque."--Porzio, Opera Omnis, Medica, Phil., et Mathemat., in unum collecta, 1736, cited by Dufrenoy, Mem.

pour servir a une Description Geologique de la France, tom.

iv. p. 274.

[507] See Neues Jahr Buch for 1846, and a translation in the Quarterly Journ. of the Geol. Soc. for 1847, vol iii. p. 20, Memoirs.

[508] Mem. Roy. Acad. Nap. 1849.

[509] "Verum quod omnem superat admirationem, mons circ.u.m eam voraginem ex pummicibus et cincere plusquam mille pa.s.suum alt.i.tudine una nocte congestus aspicitur."

[510] Mem. de la Soc. Geol. de France, tom. ii. p. 91.

[511] Dufrenoy, Mem. pour servir, &c. p. 277.

[512] Darwin's Volcanic Islands, 106, note.

[513] Geology of the American Exploring Expedition, in 1838-1842, p. 354.

[514] Ibid. p. 328.

[515] See chap. 29.

[516] Hamilton (writing in 1770) says, "the new mountain produces as yet but a very slender vegetation."--Campi Phlegraei, p. 69. This remark was no longer applicable when I saw it, in 1828.

[517] Hamilton's Campi Phlegraei, folio, vol. i. p. 62; and Brieslak, Campanie, tome i. p. 186.

[518] Account of the Eruption of Vesuvius in October, 1822, by G. P. Scrope, Esq., Journ. of Sci. &c. vol. xv. p. 175.

[519] Mr. Forbes, Account of Mount Vesuvius, Edin. Journ. of Sci. No. xviii. p. 195. Oct. 1828.

[520] Ibid. p. 194.

[521] Monticelli and Covelli, Storia di Fenon. del Vesuv. en 1821-23.

[522] Campi Phlegraei.

[523] Otter's Life of Dr. Clarke.

[524] Phil. Trans. 1846, p. 154.

[525] Ibid. p. 148.

[526] Ibid. p. 241.

[527] Bulletin de la Soc. Geol. de France, tom. vii. p. 43; and Ill.u.s.trations of Vesuvius and Etna, p. 3.

[528] Geognost. Beobachtungen, &c., p. 182. Berlin, 1839.

[529] Von Buch, Descrip. Phys. des Iles Canaries, p. 342.

Paris, 1836.

[530] Vues Ill.u.s.t. de Phenom. Geol. Observ. sur le Vesuve et l'Etna. Berlin, 1837.

[531] Ibid. p. 2.

[532] 2d edit. 1848, p. 216.

[533] So called from travellers leaving their horses and mules there when they prepare to ascend the cone on foot.

[534] Dufrenoy, Mem. pour servir a une Descrip. Geol. de la France, tom. iv. p. 294.