[258] Darwin's Journal, p. 163. 2d. ed. p. 139.

[259] Journ. Roy. Geograph. Soc. vol. iii. p. 142.

[260] Book iii. ch. 50.

[261] Darwin's S. America, pp. 136, 139.

[262] Miller, Phil. Trans. 1851, p. 155.

[263] Phil. Trans. 1850, p. 354.

[264] Hooker's Himalayan Journal, ined.

[265] Ibid.

[266] See Manual of Geology, Index, _Rain-prints_.

[267] See Lyell on recent and fossil rains. Quart. Journ. Geol.

Soc. 1851, vol. vii. p. 239.

[268] Lyell's Second Visit to the United States, 1846, vol. ii.

p. 25.

[269] Encyc. Brit. art. _Rivers_.

[270] Sir T. D. Lauder's Account of the Great Floods in Morayshire, August, 1829.

[271] Quarterly Jour. of Sci. &c. No. xii. New Series, p. 331.

[272] Culley, Proceed. Geol. Soc. 1829.

[273] Silliman's Journal, vol. xv. No. 2, p. 216. Jan. 1829.

[274] Silliman's Journal, vol. x.x.xiv. p. 115.

[275] See Lyell's Second Visit to the U. S. vol. i. p. 69.

[276] This block was measured by Capt. B. Hall, R. N.

[277] Inundation of the Val de Bagnes, in 1818, Ed. Phil. Journ., vol. i. p. 187, from memoir of M. Escher.

[278] Lib. viii. Epist. 17.

[279] When at Tivoli, in 1829, I received this account from eye-witnesses of the event.

[280] Ill.u.s.tr. of Hutt. Theory, -- 3, p. 147.

[281] Quadro Istorico dell' Etna, 1824.

[282] The reader will find in my Travels in North America, vol.

i. ch. 2, a colored geological map and section of the Niagara district, also a bird's-eye view of the Falls and adjacent country, colored geologically, of which the first idea was suggested by the excellent original sketch given by Mr. Bakewell.

I have referred more fully to these and to Mr. Hall's Report on the Geology of New York, as well as to the earlier writings of Hennepin and Kalm in the same work, and have speculated on the origin of the escarpment over which the Falls may have been originally precipitated. Vol. i. p. 32, and vol. ii. p. 93.

[283] Consid. sur les Blocs Errat. 1829.

[284] Capt. Bayfield, Geol. Soc. Proceedings, vol. ii. p. 223.

[285] M. Arago, Annuaire, &c. 1833; and Rev. J. Farquharson, Phil. Trans. 1835, p. 329.

[286] Journ. of Roy. Geograph. Soc. vol. vi. p. 416.

[287] See Systeme Glaciaire, by Aga.s.siz, Guyot, and Desor, pp.

436, 437, 445. Mr. Aga.s.siz, at p. 462, states that he published in the Deutsche Vierteljahrschrift for 1841, this result as to the central motion being greater than that of the sides, and was, therefore, the first to correct his own previous mistake.

[288] J. Forbes. 8th Letter on Glaciers, Aug. 1844.

[289] See Mr. Hopkins on Motion of Glaciers, Cambridge Phil.

Trans. 1844, and Phil. Mag. 1845. Some of the late concessions of this author as to a certain plasticity in the ma.s.s, appear to me to make the difference between him and Professor Forbes little more than one of degree. (For the latest summary of Prof. Forbes' views, see Phil. Trans. 1846, pt. 2.)

[290] This experiment is cited by Mr. Forbes, Phil. Trans.

1846, p. 206; and I have conversed with Mr. Christie on the subject.

[291] Etudes sur les Glaciers, 1840.

[292] See Manual of Geol. ch. xi.

[293] Aga.s.siz, Jam. Ed. New Phil. Journ. No. 54, p. 388.

[294] Charpentier, Ann. des Mines, tom. viii.; see also Papers by MM. Venetz and Aga.s.siz.

[295] Voyage in 1822, p. 233.

[296] Travels in Norway.

[297] Darwin's Journal, p. 283.

[298] Journ. of Roy. Geograph. Soc. vol. ix. p. 526.

[299] Journ. of Roy. Geograph. Soc. vol. ix. p. 529.

[300] Ibid. vol. viii. p. 221.

[301] In my Travels in N. America, pp. 19, 23, &c., and Second Visit to the U. S., vol. i. ch. 2, also in my Manual of Geology, a more full account of the action of floating ice and coast-ice, and its bearing on geology, will be found.

[302] Jam. Ed. New Phil. Journ. No. xlviii. p. 439.

[303] Bulletin de la Soc. Geol. de France, 1847, tom. iv. pp.

1182, 1183.