National Sleep Foundation web site: http://tinyurl.com/5b47dq Nixon, Gillian M., John M. D. Thompson, Dug Yeo Han, David M. Becroft, Phillipa M. Clark, Elizabeth Robinson, Karen E. Waldie, Chris J. Wild, Peter N. Black, and Edwin A. Mitch.e.l.l, "Short Sleep Duration in Middle Childhood: Risk Factors and Consequences," Sleep Sleep, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 7178 (2008).

"Obesity 'Not Individuals' Fault," BBC News (2007). http://tinyurl.com/ch2nx2 Owens, Judith, Rolanda Maxim, Melissa McGuinn, Chantelle n.o.bile, Michael Msall, and Anthony Alario, "Television-Viewing Habits and Sleep Disturbance in School Children," Pediatrics Pediatrics, vol. 104, no. 3, pp. e27 et seq. (1999).

Park, Madison, "Falling Asleep in Cla.s.s? Blame Biology," CNN.com (2008). http://tinyurl.com/6q26f8 Prescott, Bonnie, "Study Shows How Sleep Improves Memory" [Press release], Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (2005).

Ramsey, Kathryn Moynihan, Biliana Marcheva, Akira Kohsaka, and Joseph Ba.s.s, "The Clockwork of Metabolism," The Annual Review of Nutrition The Annual Review of Nutrition, vol. 27, pp. 219240 (2007).

Redding, Jerry, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington DC, e-mails to authors (2007).

Rogers, Naomi L., Jillian Dorrian, and David F. Dinges, "Sleep, Waking and Neurobehavioural Performance," Frontiers in Bioscience Frontiers in Bioscience, vol. 8, pp. s10561067 (2003).

Sadeh, Avi, Reut Gruber, and Amiram Raviv, "The Effects of Sleep Restriction and Extension on School-Age Children: What a Difference an Hour Makes," Child Development Child Development, vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 444455 (2003).

Schardt, David, "How Sleep Affects Your Weight," Nutrition Action Newsletter Nutrition Action Newsletter, pp. 1011 (2005).

Schechter, Michael S., and the Section on Pediatric Pulmonology, Subcommittee on Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, "Technical Report: Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome," Pediatrics Pediatrics, vol. 109, no. 4, pp. e69 et seq. (2002).

Schoenborn, Charlotte A., and Patricia F. Adams, "Sleep Duration as a Correlate of Smoking, Alcohol Use, Leisure-Time Physical Inactivity, and Obesity Among Adults: United States, 20042006," NCHS Health E-Stat, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta (2008).

Sekine, Michikazu, Takashi Yamagami, Kyoko Handa, Tomohiro Saito, Seiichiro Nanri, Katsuhiko Kawaminami, Noritaka Tokui, Katsumi Yoshida, and Sadan.o.bu Kagamimori, "A Dose-Response Relationship Between Short Sleeping Hours and Childhood Obesity: Results of the Toyama Birth Cohort Study," Child: Care, Health & Development Child: Care, Health & Development, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 163170 (2002).

Spiegel, Karine, "Sleep Loss as a Risk Factor for Obesity and Diabetes," International Journal of Obesity International Journal of Obesity, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 2728 (2008).

Spiegel, Karine, Kristen Knutson, Rachel Leproult, Esra Tasali, and Eve Van Cauter, "Sleep Loss: A Novel Risk Factor for Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes," Journal of Applied Physiology Journal of Applied Physiology, vol. 99, no. 5, pp. 20082019 (2005).

Spiegel, Karine, Esra Tasali, Plamen Penev, and Eve Van Cauter, "Brief Communication: Sleep Curtailment in Healthy Young Men Is a.s.sociated With Decreased Leptin Levels, Elevated Ghrelin Levels, and Increased Hunger and Appet.i.te," Annals of Internal Medicine Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 141, no. 11, pp. 846850 (2005).

Spruyt, K., O. San Capdevila, S.M. Honaker, J. L. Bennett, and D. Gozal, "Obesity, Snoring, and Physical Activity in School-Aged Children," Journal of Sleep and Sleep Disorders Research Journal of Sleep and Sleep Disorders Research, vol. 31, 2008 Abstract Supplement, p. A76 (2008).

Stice, Eric, Heather Shaw, and C. Nathan Marti, "A Meta-a.n.a.lytic Review of Obesity Prevention Programs for Children and Adolescents: The Skinny on Interventions that Work," Psychological Bulletin Psychological Bulletin, vol. 132, no. 5, pp. 667691 (2006).

Stickgold, Robert, and Matthew P. Walker, "Memory Consolidation and Reconsolidation: What Is the Role of Sleep?," Trends in Neuroscience Trends in Neuroscience, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 408415 (2005).

Stickgold, Robert, and Matthew P. Walker, "Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation and Reconsolidation," Sleep Medicine Sleep Medicine, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 331343 (2007).

Taheri, S, "The Link Between Short Sleep Duration and Obesity: We Should Recommend More Sleep to Prevent Obesity," Archives of Diseases in Childhood Archives of Diseases in Childhood, vol. 91, no. 11, pp. 881884 (2006).

Tasali, Esra, Rachel Leproult, David A. Ehrmann, and Eve Van Cauter, "Slow-wave Sleep and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Humans," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (Early Edition) (2007). (Early Edition) (2007).

Taveras, Elsie M., Alison E. Field, Catherine S. Berkey, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, A., Lindsay Frazier, Graham A. Colditz, and Matthew W. Gillman, "Longitudinal Relationship Between Television Viewing and Leisure-Time Physical Activity During Adolescence," Pediatrics Pediatrics, vol. 119, no. 2, pp. e314e319 (2007).

Taveras, Elise M., Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Emily Oken, Erica P. Gunderson, and Matthew W. Gillman, "Short Sleep Duration in Infancy and Risk of Childhood Overweight," Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, vol. 162, no. 4, pp. 305311 (2008).

Thomas, H., "Obesity Prevention Programs for Children and Youth: Why Are Their Results So Modest?" McMaster University ma.n.u.script (2006).

Touchette, evelyne, Dominique Pet.i.t, Jean R. Seguin, Michel Boivin, Richard E. Tremblay, and Jacques Y. Montplaisir, "a.s.sociations Between Sleep Duration Patterns and Behavioral/Cognitive Functioning at School Entry," Sleep Sleep, vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 12131219 (2007).

Tzischinsky, O., S. Hadar, and D. Lufi, "Delaying School Start Time by One Hour: Effects on Cognitive Performance in Adolescents," Journal of Sleep and Sleep Disorders Research Journal of Sleep and Sleep Disorders Research, vol. 31, 2008 Abstract Supplement, p. A369 (2008).

Utter, Jennifer, Dianne Neumark-Sztainer, Robert Jeffrey, and Mary Story, "Couch Potatoes or French Fries: Are Sedentary Behaviors a.s.sociated With Body Ma.s.s Index, Physical Activity, and Dietary Behaviors Among Adolescents?" Journal of the American Dietetic a.s.sociation Journal of the American Dietetic a.s.sociation, vol. 103, no. 10, pp. 12981305 (2003).

Van Cauter, Eve, Kristen Knutson, Rachel Leproult, and Karine Spiegel, "The Impact of Sleep Deprivation on Hormones and Metabolism," Medscape Neurology & Neurosurgery Medscape Neurology & Neurosurgery, vol. 7, no. 1 (2005).

Van Cauter, Eve, Karine Spiegel, Esra Tasali, and Rachel Leproult, "Metabolic Consequences of Sleep and Sleep Loss," Sleep Medicine Sleep Medicine, vol. 9, supp. 1, pp. S23-28 (2008).

Vandewater, Elizabeth A., "Media Use and Children's Health," Paper presented at the Population a.s.sociation of America Annual Meeting, New York City (2007).

Wahlstrom, Kyla L., e-mails with authors (2007).

Wahlstrom, Kyla L., "The p.r.i.c.kly Politics of School Starting Times," Phi Delta Kappan Phi Delta Kappan, vol. 80, no. 5, pp. 344347, Minneapolis (1999).

Wahlstrom, Kyla L., "School Start Time Study: Final Summary [vol. 1]," School Start Time Reports, Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement (CAREI), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Undated).

Wahlstrom, Kyla L., "School Start Time Study: Technical Report Vol. II, a.n.a.lysis of Student Survey Data," Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Undated).

Wahlstrom, Kyla L., Mark L. Davison, Jiyoung Choi, and Jesse N. Ross, "Minneapolis Public Schools Start Time Study Executive Summary," Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (2001).

Wahlstrom, Kyla L., G. Wrobel, and P. Kubow, "Minneapolis Public Schools Start Time Study: Executive Summary," Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (1998).

Walker, Matthew P., and Robert Stickgold, "Sleep-Dependent Learning and Memory Consolidation," Neuron Neuron, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 121133 (2004).

Walker, Matthew P., and Robert Stickgold, "Sleep, Memory & Plasticity," Annual Review of Psychology Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 57, pp. 139166 (2006).

Warner, Suzanne, Greg Murphy, and Denny Meyer, "Holiday and School-term Sleep Patterns of Australian Adolescents." Journal of Adolescence Journal of Adolescence, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 595608 (2008).

Werner, Helene, Luciano Molinari, Caroline Guyer, and Oskar G. Jenni, "Agreement Rates Between Actigraphy, Diary, and Questionnaire for Children's Sleep Patterns," Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, vol. 162, no. 4, pp. 350358 (2008).

Wolfson, Amy R., and Mary A. Carskadon, "Sleep Schedules and Daytime Functioning in Adolescents," Child Development Child Development, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 875887 (1998).

Wolfson, Amy R., and Mary A. Carskadon, "A Survey of Factors Influencing High School Start Times," Na.s.sP Bulletin Na.s.sP Bulletin, vol. 89, no. 642, pp. 4766 (2005).

Wong, Maria M., and Tim Roehrs, "Sleep Problems in Early Childhood May Predict Substance Use During Adolescence" [Press release], Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research (2004). (2004).

Young, Terry, "Increasing Sleep Duration for a Healthier (and Less Obese?) Population Tomorrow," Sleep Sleep, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 593594 (2008).

Chapter 3, Why White Parents Don't Talk About Race.

Baron, Andrew Scott, and Mahzarin R. Banaji, "The Development of Implicit Att.i.tudes: Evidence of Race Evaluations From Ages 6 and 10 and Adulthood," Psychological Science Psychological Science, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 5358 (2006).

Bigler, Rebecca S., "The Use of Multicultural Curricula and Materials to Counter Racism in Children," Journal of Social Issues Journal of Social Issues, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 687705 (1999).

Bigler, Rebecca S., and Lynn S. Liben, "A Developmental Intergroup Theory of Social Stereotypes and Prejudice," Advances in Child Development and Behavior Advances in Child Development and Behavior, vol. 34, pp. 3989 (2006).

Bigler, Rebecca S., and Lynn S. Liben, "Developmental Intergroup Theory: Explaining and Reducing Children's Social Stereotyping and Prejudice," Current Directions in Psychological Science Current Directions in Psychological Science, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 162166 (2007).

Brief of 553 Social Scientists as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondents, Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education (Nos. 05-908 and 05-915) (2006). (Nos. 05-908 and 05-915) (2006).

Brown, Tony N., Emily E. Tanner-Smith, Chase L. Lesane-Brown, and Michael E. Ezell, "Child, Parent, Situational Correlates of Familial Ethnic/Race Socialization," Journal of Marriage and Family Journal of Marriage and Family, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 1425 (2007).

Copenhaver-Johnson, Jeane F., e-mails with authors (2007).

Copenhaver-Johnson, Jeane F., Joy T. Bowman, and Angela C. Johnson, "Santa Stories: Children's Inquiry About Race during Picturebook Read-Alouds," Language Arts Language Arts, vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 234244 (2007).

Crystal, David S., Hirozumi Watanabe, and Ru San Chen, "Preference for Diversity in Compet.i.tive and Cooperative Contexts: A Study of American and j.a.panese Children and Adolescents," International Journal of Behavioral Development International Journal of Behavioral Development, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 348355 (2000).

Harris-Britt, April, Ndidi A. Okeke, Cleo Samuel, and Beth E. Kurtz-Costes, "Mediational Influences in the Relationship Between Racial Socialization and Achievement Outcomes in Late Childhood," Poster presented at the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Boston (2007).

Harris-Britt, April, Cecelia Valrie, Beth Kurtz-Costes, and Stephanie J. Rowley, "Perceived Racial Discrimination and Self-Esteem in African-American Youth," Journal of Adolescent Research Journal of Adolescent Research, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 669682 (2007).

Hughes, Julie M., Rebecca S. Bigler, and Sheri R. Levy, "Consequences of Learning About Historical Racism Among European American and African American Children," Child Development Child Development, vol. 78, no. 6, pp. 16891705 (2007).

"The Impact of Racial and Ethnic Diversity on Educational Outcomes: Cambridge, MA School District," The Civil Rights Project, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (2002).

"The Impact of Racial and Ethnic Diversity on Educational Outcomes: Lynn, MA School District," The Civil Rights Project, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (2002).

Katz, Phyllis A., "Racists or Tolerant Multiculturalists," American Psychologist American Psychologist, vol. 58, no. 11, pp. 897909 (2003).

Kelly, David J., Paul C. Quinn, Alan M. Slater, Kang Lee, Liezhong Ge, and Olivier Pascalis, "The Other-Race Effect Develops During Infancy: Evidence of Perceptual Narrowing," Psychological Science Psychological Science, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 10841089 (2007).

Kurlaendar, Michal, and John T. Yun, "Is Diversity a Compelling Educational Interest? Evidence From Louisville." In: G. Orfield (Ed.), Diversity Challenged: Evidence in the Impact of Affirmative Action Diversity Challenged: Evidence in the Impact of Affirmative Action, pp. 111141. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Educational Publishing Group (2001).

Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education, 551 U.S. ___ (2007).

"Mission Statement," Civil Rights Project web site (2007). http://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/aboutus.php Moody, James, "Race, School Integration, and Friendship Segregation in America," American Journal of Sociology American Journal of Sociology, vol. 107, no. 3, pp. 679716 (2001).

Oyserman, Daphna, Daniel Brickman, Deborah Bybee, and Aaron Celious, "Fitting in Matters: Markers of In-Group Belonging and Academic Outcomes," Psychological Science Psychological Science, vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 854861 (2006).

Patterson, Meagan M., and Rebecca S. Bigler, "Preschool Children's Attention to Environmental Messages About Groups: Social Categorization and the Origins of Intergroup Bias," Child Development Child Development, vol. 77, no. 4, pp. 847860 (2006).

Pettigrew, Thomas F., and Linda R. Tropp, "A Meta-a.n.a.lytic Test of Intergroup Contact Theory," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 90, no. 5, pp. 751783 (2006).

Polite, Lillian, and Elizabeth Baird Saenger, "A Pernicious Silence: Confronting Race in the Elementary Cla.s.sroom," Phi Delta Kappan Phi Delta Kappan, vol. 85, no. 4, pp. 274278 (2003).

Rooney-Rebeck, Patricia, and Leonard Jason, "Prevention of Prejudice in Elementary School Students," Journal of Primary Prevention Journal of Primary Prevention, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 6373 (1986).

Rosales, Melodye, Twas the Night B'fore Christmas: An African-American Version Twas the Night B'fore Christmas: An African-American Version. New York: Scholastic (1996).

Stephan, Walter G., "Improving Intergroup Relations in the Schools." In: C. H. Rossell, D. J. Armor, and H. J. Walberg (Eds.), School Desegregation in the 21st Century School Desegregation in the 21st Century, pp. 267290. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers (2002).

Tynes, Brendesha M., "Role Taking in Online 'Cla.s.srooms': What Adolescents Are Learning About Race and Ethnicity," Developmental Psychology Developmental Psychology, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 13121320 (2007).

Vittrup, Birgitte, and George W. Holden, "Why White Parents Don't Talk to Their Children About Race," Poster presented at the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Boston (2007).

Vittrup Simpson, Birgitte, Exploring the Influences of Educational Television and Parent-Child Discussions on Improving Children's Racial Att.i.tudes Exploring the Influences of Educational Television and Parent-Child Discussions on Improving Children's Racial Att.i.tudes, Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas at Austin Repository, Austin, TX (2007).

Chapter 4, Why Kids Lie.

"An Act to Amend the Criminal Code (protection of children and other vulnerable persons) and the Canada Evidence Act," Bill C-2, First Session, 38th Parliament, 53 Elizabeth II, House of Commons, Canada (2004).

Alwin, Duane F., "Changes in Qualities Valued in Children in the United States, 1964 to 1984," Social Science Research Social Science Research, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 195236 (1989).

Arruda, Cindy M., Megan K. Brunet, Mina E. Poplinger, Ilana Ross, Anjanie McCarthy, Victoria Talwar, and Kang Lee, " 'I Cannot Tell a Lie': Enhancing Truth-Telling in Children Through the Use of Traditional Stories," Poster presented at the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Boston (2007).

Berthoud-Papandropoulou, Ioanna, and Helga Kilcher, "Is a False Belief Statement a Lie or a Truthful Statement? Judgments and Explanations of Children Aged 3 to 8," Developmental Science Developmental Science, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 173177 (2003).

Billings, F. James, Tanya Taylor, James Burns, Deb L. Corey, Sena Garven, and James M. Wood, "Can Reinforcement Induce Children to Falsely Incriminate Themselves?" Law and Human Behavior Law and Human Behavior, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 125139 (2007).

Bull, Ray, and Aldert Vrji, "People's Insight into Their Own Behaviour and Speech Content While Lying," British Journal of Psychology British Journal of Psychology, vol. 92, no. 2, pp. 373389 (2001).

Bussey, Kay, "Children's Categorization and Evaluation of Different Types of Lies and Truths," Child Development Child Development, vol. 70, no. 6, pp. 13381347 (1999).

Bussey, Kay, "Parental and Interviewer Influences on Children's Lying and Truth Telling," Remarks and paper presented at the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Boston (2007).

Crossman, Angela M., and Michael Lewis, "Adults' Ability to Detect Children's Lying," Behavioral Sciences and the Law Behavioral Sciences and the Law, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 703715 (2006).

den Bak, Irene M., and Hildy S. Ross, "I'm Telling! The Content, Context and Consequences of Children's Tattling on Their Siblings," Social Development Social Development, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 292309 (1996).

DePaulo, Bella M., Matthew E. Ansfield, Susan E. Kirkendol, and Joseph M. Boden, "Serious Lies," Basic and Applied Social Psychology Basic and Applied Social Psychology, vol. 26, nos. 2-3, pp. 147167 (2004).

DePaulo, Bella M., Deborah A. Kashy, Susan E. Kirkendol, Jennifer A. Epstein, and Melissa M. Wyer, "Lying in Everyday Life," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 70, no. 5, pp. 979995 (1996).

Edelstein, Robin S., Tanya L. Luten, Paul Ekman, and Gail S. Goodman, "Detecting Lies in Children and Adults," Law and Human Behavior Law and Human Behavior, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 110 (2006).

Ekman, Paul, "Would a Child Lie?" Psychology Today Psychology Today, vol. 23, no. 62, pp. 78 (1989).

Friman, Patrick C., Douglas W. Woods, Kurt A. Freeman, Rich Gilman, Mary Short, Ann M. McGrath, and Michael L. Handwerk, "Relationships Between Tattling, Likeability, and Social Cla.s.sification: A Preliminary Investigation of Adolescents in Residential Care," Behavior Modification Behavior Modification, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 331348 (2004).

Fu, Genyue, and Kang Lee, "Social Grooming in the Kindergarten: The Emergence of Flattery Behavior," Developmental Science Developmental Science, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 255265 (2007).

Gervais, Jean, Richard E. Tremblay, Lyse Desmarais-Gervais, and Frank Vitaro, "Children's Persistent Lying, Gender Differences, and Disruptive Behaviours: A Longitudinal Perspective," International Journal of Behavioral Development International Journal of Behavioral Development, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 213221 (2000).

Global Deception Research Team, "A World of Lies," Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 6074 (2006).

Hanc.o.c.k, Jeffrey T., Jennifer Thom-Santelli, and Thompson Ritchie, "Deception and Design: The Impact of Communication Technology on Lying Behavior," Paper presented at CHI, Vienna, Austria (2004).

Josephson Inst.i.tute of Ethics, 2006 Report Card on the Ethics of American Youth-Part One-Integrity (2006).