=Folding machines.= Power machine for folding sheets.

=Folio.= 1. A book printed on paper folded in two leaves--four pages.

Loosely applied to books over fifteen inches high. Very large books are sometimes called elephant folios. 2. Consecutive page numbers of a book.

=Fore-edge.= The front edge of the leaves of a book.

=Font.= The complete number of letters, figures, etc., forming a set of type.

=Format.= Size and shape of a book.

=Forwarding.= 1. All processes between sewing and finishing. 2. The department which takes charge of books during these processes. Those who work in it are called forwarders.

=Foxed.= Books having leaves stained by dampness are said to be foxed.

=French guard.= The back edge of an ill.u.s.tration turned over and folded around the adjoining signature.

=French joint.= Joint formed by setting the boards a short distance away from the back. See page 46.

=French morocco.= A very inferior quality of levant morocco. Many skins so-called are sheep skins or cowhide.

=Frontispiece.= Ill.u.s.tration facing the t.i.tle page.

=Full-bound.= Term applies to books entirely covered, back and sides, with the same material, whether cloth or leather.

=Gascon style.= The distinguishing characteristic of this style of decoration is that dotted lines are used instead of lines which are continuous.

=Gathering.= Collecting the folded sheets, or signatures, in the order in which they are bound.

=Gaufre edges.= Edges which have had impressions made by finishing tools after the edges have been gilded.

=Gauge.= A tool used for obtaining the correct size of a volume in order to mark it on boards for squaring.

=Gilding press.= Same as the finishing press.

=Gilt edge.= See Edges gilt.

=Gilt tops.= Top edges gilded.

=Glaire.= A liquid made by beating whites of eggs. Used in lettering and gilding. See page 195.

=Goffered edges.= See Gaufre edges.

=Gold cushion.= Leather cushion on which the finisher cuts gold leaf.

=Gold knife.= A long straight knife used in cutting gold leaf.

=Gold leaf.= Gold beaten very thin, used for lettering and gilding.

=Gouge.= A finishing tool used to stamp the segment of a circle on a book.

=Grain.= The outer surface of a piece of leather from which the hair has been removed. Generally used with adjectives which indicate the appearance of the grain in question.

=Graining.= 1. Process of "bringing up" the natural grain of leather by artificial means. 2. Process of embossing leather to produce a fict.i.tious grain.

=Grater.= Tool used for rubbing backs after they are paste-washed.

=Grolier.= An elaborate style of ornament consisting of scroll work with interwoven squares, circles and diamonds, parts of the design being studded with gold dots.

=Grooves.= Projections at the back against which boards rest to form the joint. Made by the backing hammer. Sometimes called joints.

=Guards.= 1. Narrow strips of paper bound in books to which plates or leaves are attached later. 2. Narrow strips of cloth or paper used to reinforce the folds of signatures, or pasted to single leaves and folded around adjoining signatures.

=Guides.= The grooves in which the plough moves on the face of the cutting press.

=Guillotine.= See Cutter, or Cutting machine.

=Half-bound.= Term indicating that leather is used on the back, with cloth or paper on the sides. If small pieces of leather are placed on the corners the book is still half-bound. If the corner pieces are large the book is three-quarters bound.

=Half-t.i.tle.= Brief t.i.tle on the leaf preceding the main t.i.tle page.

Also called b.a.s.t.a.r.d t.i.tle.

=Hand letters.= Single letters affixed to handles and used in lettering.

=Head.= The top of the back of the book.

=Headband.= A silk or cotton band attached to the head of the book to strengthen it, improve its appearance, and make the back even in thickness with the boards.

=Head cap.= Fold of leather over the headband.

=Heel-ball.= Shoemaker's preparation of wax used for taking rubbings of the backs of books.

=Holeing.= Piercing the boards with an awl so that bands can be laced-in.

=Hollow back.= See Loose back.

=Imperfections.= In commercial binderies, sheets rejected because imperfect.

=In boards.= 1. Term used when books are cut after boards have been attached. 2. Style of binding which has a very narrow cloth back and paper covered sides.

=In print.= Obtainable from the publishers.

=India-rubbered.= When the backs of books consisting of single leaves are covered with a solution of india rubber instead of being sewed they are said to be India-rubbered. Not practicable for permanent bindings.

=Inlaid.= The cover of a book bound in leather in which leather of a different kind or color has been inlaid.

=In quires.= Unbound books in sheets.

=Inset.= A folded sheet laid inside of another.