[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 519. KNOTTING ON THREADS WITH ROUND PICOTS.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 520. KNOTTING ON WITH A FRINGE HEADING.]

KNOTTING ON THREADS WITH A FRINGE HEADING (fig. 520).--Knot the threads on with a picot heading, as explained in the preceding figure, then cut the picots through and unravel and comb out the threads.

For this way of knotting on threads, a very strongly twisted material is better than a loose one, as when it is cut and untwisted, it makes a much richer and fuller fringe.

KNOTTING ON WITH PICOTS AND FLAT DOUBLE KNOTS (fig. 521).--Take two threads, pin them on close together, make a flat double knot, fig. 516, tying the outer threads over the inner ones, and loop the ends over a cord to make a horizontal bar of knots.

KNOTTING ON THREADS WITH PICOTS AND TWO FLAT DOUBLE KNOTS (figs. 522 and 523).--Pin the two threads on as before and make two flat double knots, one below the other; detail _a_ shows the first knot begun, detail _b_ the two knots completed. Fig. 523 shows the picots secured by a horizontal bar of knots beneath them.

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 521. KNOTTING ON THREADS WITH PICOTS AND TWO FLAT DOUBLE KNOTS.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 522. & FIG. 523. KNOTTING ON THREADS WITH PICOT AND TWO FLAT DOUBLE KNOTS.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 524. KNOTTING ON THREADS WITH SCALLOPS.]

KNOTTING ON THREADS WITH SCALLOPS (fig. 524).--The threads for the scallops must be cut much longer than those that are to be knotted on below them. The b.u.t.tonhole loops must be so made that they turn upwards; and there must be 12 of them, all made with the left hand thread over the right hand thread, detail _a_. Then, knot on two double threads underneath the scallop and besides, make knots with the threads that come from the scallops, detail _b_.

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 525. KNOTTING ON THREADS WITH LOOPS.]

KNOTTING ON THREADS WITH LOOPS (fig. 525).--Pin on two threads folded in half, a little distance apart, detail _a_, and bind them together with a flat double knot. Pin on more lengths close to them, the inner threads of which are held by a "collecting knot", as the flat double knot is called when it is made over more than two threads (see also fig.

530). The ends of the threads can then be looped over one or two cords, so as to form a single or double bar of knots, as required.

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 526. KNOTTING ON THREADS WITH TRIPLE SCALLOPS.]

KNOTTING ON THREADS WITH TRIPLE SCALLOPS (fig. 526).--Knot on three single threads in succession; first, the middle one, then the second, with the knot right and left and the loop long enough to form the scallop, then the third in the same manner.

KNOTTING ON THREADS FOR RIBBED PICOTS (fig. 527).--Take a double thread and make two slanting bars of knots, see details _a_ and _b_, then secure them, like the preceding scallops by a horizontal bar of knots, see detail _c_.

KNOTTING ON THREADS FOR A GIMP HEADING (fig. 528).--This mode of knotting on forms a broad gimp, consisting of vertical bars of knots, made over a single cord. On the one side, that which is afterwards turned downwards, the cord, the ribs are made on, forms loops, held with pins, into which meshes of threads can be knotted when the gimp is finished, for making either a fringe or a grounding.

Patterns in several colours may likewise be knotted into gimp headings of this kind.

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 527. KNOTTING ON THREADS WITH RIBBED PICOTS.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 528. KNOTTING ON THREADS FOR A GIMP HEADING.]

FLAT DOUBLE KNOTS WITH HALF KNOTS (fig. 529).--These are double knots followed by a third knot, or more correctly speaking, a half one of the first flat knots.

COLLECTING KNOTS (fig. 530).--As explained in fig. 525, these are flat double knots, made over more than two threads. The engraving shows, in the first place on the left, a flat double knot made over two threads, completed, and the first crossing of the thread for the collecting knot; secondly, the second crossing of the threads; thirdly how the collecting knot can, if necessary, be continued over 4 threads, and fourthly, how the collecting knot should be made to finish with a flat double knot.

PLAITED AND WAVED KNOTS (fig. 531).--Plaited knots are formed by a continuous repet.i.tion of the first crossing of the threads for making a flat knot, detail _a_; waved knots by a slight twist given to the plaited knots from left to right, detail _b_. These plaits of waved knots are secured by joining together the threads of opposite meshes, two and two, by a flat double knot.

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 529. FLAT DOUBLE KNOTS WITH HALF KNOTS.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 530. COLLECTING KNOTS.]

SINGLE CROSSED KNOTS AND DOUBLE CROSSED KNOTS (figs. 532 and 533).--Two plain crossings of the threads, detail _a_, to begin with; after which you rapidly reverse the threads, turning the knot to the wrong side, drawing it up tightly at the same time; this forms the first knot, detail _b_. The second knot, fig. 533, is formed by 3 crossings, detail _a_; reverse the threads rapidly, to form the double crossed knot, detail _b_. For the following knots tie the threads together, as for the flat double knot, detail _c_.

LOOPED PICOT AND KNOTTED PICOTS (figs. 534 and 535).--Looped picots are made along a row of knots by setting the knots, far enough apart for the loop between, to form a picot when the knots are drawn up close together. In fig. 534, the detail _a_ represents the picot, in its first open stage, detail _b_ the same picot when it is finished.

Knotted picots, fig. 535, are formed after one or more flat double knots, by a knot made in the outer thread; to get this knot into the right place, make it on a big pin and draw it up close to the flat knot before you take out the pin.

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 531. PLAITED AND WAVED KNOTS.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 532. SINGLE CROSSED KNOT.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 533. DOUBLE CROSSED KNOT.]

These picots are always made on both sides and can be repeated several times along a row of knots. Detail _a_ shows the crossing of the threads for the picots, detail _b_ the picots completed and followed by a flat knot.

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 534. LOOPED PICOT.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 535. KNOTTED PICOT.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 536. BEAD KNOTS.]

BEAD KNOTS (fig. 536).--A bead knot is made by turning back the threads after a row of flat double knots. Detail _a_ shows three flat double knots finished, detail _b_ the inner threads turned back over the flat double knots, detail _c_ the two knotting threads, brought between the two threads coming from the left to the right, and detail _d_ the bead knot finished and followed by a flat double knot.

BARS OF KNOTS TO THE RIGHT AND LEFT (figs. 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544).--After knotting on the requisite number of threads on to a double cord, make two b.u.t.tonhole loops with the right thread round the left one, fig. 537, then knot each thread twice over the second cord, fig. 538. These knots must be as close together as possible. This done, begin to make the slanting bars, inclining from left to right, with 4 threads.

The first thread on the left, marked 1 in fig. 540, serves as cord to the threads 2, 3, 4, which are looped in succession over thread 1.

Fig. 541 represents threads 2, 3 and 4, knotted thread 1 and in the second bar, thread 2 becoming in its turn the cord, and having threads 3, 4 and 1 knotted over it, whilst it is being held, tightly stretched in the right hand. The knotting should be done with the left hand.

In fig. 542, which represents a bar inclining from right to left, threads 3, 2 and 1 are knotted over thread 4; and in fig. 543, in the second row, threads 2, 1, 4 over thread 3. Here, it has to be the left hand that holds the thread extended from right to left, whilst the right hand does the knotting.

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 537. b.u.t.tONHOLE LOOP TO THE RIGHT.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 538. FASTENING THE THREADS TO THE CORD.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 539. BAR SLANTING TO THE RIGHT. THE KNOT OPEN.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 540. BAR SLANTING TO THE RIGHT. THREAD 2 KNOTTED OVER THREAD 1.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 541. BAR SLANTING TO THE RIGHT. THREADS 3, 4, 1 TO BE KNOTTED OVER THREAD 2.]

Fig. 544 explains how the double bars are bound together by an ordinary double knot.

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 542. BAR SLANTING TO THE LEFT.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 543. BAR SLANTING TO THE LEFT.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 544. BARS JOINED TOGETHER.]

SINGLE CHAIN (fig. 545).--This is made with two single threads, by knotting them alternately over each other, that is, each in turns serving as cord to the other.

DOUBLE CHAIN (fig. 546).--The double chain is made in the same manner as the single, only with a double thread.