59. Cross, 2746.

60. SIRIO SIRIO, xlii, 19 Jan. 1793.

61. Khrapovitskii, 346, 2 Sept. 1790; 405, 22 July 1792.

62. Madariaga, 412; Alexander, 281; KfZh KfZh (1796), appendix II, 'Vypiski iz arkhivnykh del', 18. Catherine translated Plutarch into Russian from the Latin, probably using one of the widely available Greek-Latin parallel editions of his work: see Khrapovitskii, 325, 331, 559. (1796), appendix II, 'Vypiski iz arkhivnykh del', 18. Catherine translated Plutarch into Russian from the Latin, probably using one of the widely available Greek-Latin parallel editions of his work: see Khrapovitskii, 325, 331, 559.

63. The Memoirs of Catherine the Great The Memoirs of Catherine the Great, ed. and trans. Cruse and Hoogenboom, xlixliv, 'Introduction' by Hoogenboom.

64. Grimm, 609, 29 Aug. 1794; SIRIO SIRIO, xlii: 32021, undated, 1792.

65. J. P. LeDonne, Absolutism and ruling cla.s.s: The formation of the Russian political order 17001825 Absolutism and ruling cla.s.s: The formation of the Russian political order 17001825 (New York, 1991), 21; (New York, 1991), 21; idem idem, Ruling Russia Ruling Russia, 350.

66. Proskurina, Mify imperii Mify imperii, 279314.

67. Alexander, 286, 2945, 321; Madariaga, 5657; Parkinson, 48, 1 Dec. 1792 NS.

68. Cross, 7981; Montefiore, 4367, 576, n. 43; Khrapovitskii, 403, 6 July 1792.

69. f.a.ggionato, Rosicrucian Utopia Rosicrucian Utopia, 20816; Madariaga, 52730; Jones, Nikolay Novikov Nikolay Novikov, 20315.

70. Alexander, 305.

71. A. Cross, 'Condemned by correspondence: Horace Walpole and Catherine "Slay-Czar"', in Cross, Catherine the Great and the British Catherine the Great and the British, 25.

72. See, for example, R. b.u.t.terwick, 'Deconfessionalization? The policy of the Polish Revolution towards Ruthenia, 17881792', Central Europe Central Europe, 6 (2008), 91121.

73. R. H. Lord, The second part.i.tion of Poland: A study in diplomatic history The second part.i.tion of Poland: A study in diplomatic history (Cambridge, MA, 1915), 847, 51216, remains the cla.s.sic work. See also Eliseeva, (Cambridge, MA, 1915), 847, 51216, remains the cla.s.sic work. See also Eliseeva, Geopoliticheskie proekty Geopoliticheskie proekty, 27289.

74. Quoted in Lord, Second part.i.tion Second part.i.tion, 307.

75. Schroeder, Transformation of European politics Transformation of European politics, 96, 1045, 1223.

76. Zavadovskii, 340, 15 Nov. 1794.

77. Schroeder, Transformation of European politics Transformation of European politics, 14450; Madariaga, 44151; Alexander, 319.

78. KfZh KfZh (1796), appendix ii, 'Vypiski iz arkhivnykh del', 18. (1796), appendix ii, 'Vypiski iz arkhivnykh del', 18.

79. Grimm, 565, 14 Apr. 1792; 593, 11 Feb. 1794; 601, 3 Apr.

80. Marker, Publishing Publishing, 2269.

81. 'Kak gotovilos' ekaterinoslavskoe dukhovenstvo k vstreche imper. Ekateriny II', Kievskaia starina Kievskaia starina, 1887, no. 4, 7978.

82. L. G. Kisliagina, 'Kantseliariia stats-sekretarei pri Ekaterine II', in Gosudarstvennye uchrezhdeniia Rossii XVI-XVIII vv. Gosudarstvennye uchrezhdeniia Rossii XVI-XVIII vv., ed. N. B. Golikova (M, 1991), 1859.

83. KfZh KfZh (1795), appendix ii, 'Vypiski iz arkhivnykh del', (1795), appendix ii, 'Vypiski iz arkhivnykh del', pa.s.sim pa.s.sim, quoted at 1934 (Orlov); Grimm, 644, 25 Aug. 1795 (Suvorov); SIRIO SIRIO, xlii: 2567 (telescope).

84. Khrapovitskii, 328, 18 Mar. 1790.

85. Grimm, 597, 14 Feb. 1794.

86. A. Odom and L. P. Arend, A Taste for Splendour: Russian Imperial and European treasures from the Hillwood Museum A Taste for Splendour: Russian Imperial and European treasures from the Hillwood Museum (Alexandria, VA, 1998), 2124. (Alexandria, VA, 1998), 2124.

87. KfZh KfZh (1795), appendix ii, 122, 173, 175. (1795), appendix ii, 122, 173, 175.

88. KfZh KfZh (1795), appendix ii, 1856. (1795), appendix ii, 1856.

89. Memoirs of Countess Golovine: A lady at the Court of Catherine II Memoirs of Countess Golovine: A lady at the Court of Catherine II, trans. G. M. Fox-Davies (London, 1910), 129.

90. Alexander, 321; Grimm, 570, 13 Aug. 1792; KfZh KfZh (1795), appendix ii, 234, 246, 248; ibid. (1796), 34. (1795), appendix ii, 234, 246, 248; ibid. (1796), 34.

91. Grimm, 669, 18 Feb. 1796.

92. Grimm, 583, 14 May 1793.

93. Khrapovitskii, 404, 911 July 1792; Grimm, 618, 16 Jan. 1795; KfZh KfZh (1795), 6580, 8990. (1795), 6580, 8990.

94. Quoted in W. B. Lincoln, Nicholas I: Emperor and autocrat of all the Russias Nicholas I: Emperor and autocrat of all the Russias (London, 1978), 49. (London, 1978), 49.

95. Khrapovitskii, 378, 16 Oct. 1791.

96. Sochineniia Sochineniia, xii: 702; SIRIO SIRIO, xlii: 267. Cf. Alexander, 2979.

97. Grimm, 591, 11 Feb. 1794.

98. Parkinson, 226, 18 Feb. 1794.

99. Tooke, iii: 434.

100. Stedingk, 812, 14 Feb. 1791 NS; A. Gribovskii, Zapiski o Imperatritse Ekaterine Velikoi Zapiski o Imperatritse Ekaterine Velikoi, 2nd edn. (M, 1864), 29.

101. C. F. P. Ma.s.son, Memoires secrets sur la russie pendant les regnes de Catherine II et de Paul Ier Memoires secrets sur la russie pendant les regnes de Catherine II et de Paul Ier (Paris, 1863), 701. (Paris, 1863), 701.

102. Alexander, 3224.

103. KfZh KfZh (1796), 66776; 7245; (1796), 66776; 7245; RBS RBS, Prit.i.ts-Reis (SPb 1910), 'Anna Protasova'.

104. Alexander, 3245; McGrew, 1879; KfZh KfZh (1796), 73648. (1796), 73648.

Epilogue.

1. Karlik favorita: Istoriia zhizni Ivana Iakubovskago Karlik favorita: Istoriia zhizni Ivana Iakubovskago, ed. V. P. Zubov (Munich, 1968), 41.

2. Zapiski, mneniia i perepiska admiral A. S. Shishkova Zapiski, mneniia i perepiska admiral A. S. Shishkova, 2 vols. (Berlin, 1870), i: 910.

3. Wortman, Scenarios Scenarios, 1712; McGrew, 210.

4. Madariaga, 56970; McGrew, 1845, 190, and ch. 6 pa.s.sim pa.s.sim.

5. Parkinson, 223, 143.

6. Memoirs of Countess Golovine Memoirs of Countess Golovine, 129.

7. See Hughes, 'The funerals of the Russian emperors and empresses', 395419.

8. Memoirs of Countess Golovine Memoirs of Countess Golovine, 1302.

9. M. B. Asvarishch, et al, Tsareubiistvo 11 Marta 1801 G.o.da Tsareubiistvo 11 Marta 1801 G.o.da (SPb, 2001), 69, no. 24. (SPb, 2001), 69, no. 24.

10. McGrew, 194.

11. Asvarishch, Tsareubiistvo Tsareubiistvo, 2432.

12. Asvarishch, Tsareubiistvo Tsareubiistvo, 67, no. 28.

13. Wortman, Scenarios Scenarios, 1723; M. Safonov, Zaveshchanie Ekateriny II: Roman-issledovanie Zaveshchanie Ekateriny II: Roman-issledovanie (SPb, 2002), 21626; Asvarishch, (SPb, 2002), 21626; Asvarishch, Tsareubiistvo Tsareubiistvo, 23, no. 22.

14. Asvarishch, Tsareubiistvo Tsareubiistvo, 69, no. 25.

15. Zapiski A. A. Iakovleva, byvshego v 1803 G.o.du ober-prokurorom Sv. Sinoda Zapiski A. A. Iakovleva, byvshego v 1803 G.o.du ober-prokurorom Sv. Sinoda, ed. V. A. Andreev (M, 1915), 36, note; Sobranie rechei...Amvrosiem Mitropolitom Novgorodskim i Sanktpeterburgskim Sobranie rechei...Amvrosiem Mitropolitom Novgorodskim i Sanktpeterburgskim (M, 1810), 17, 667. (M, 1810), 17, 667.

16. P. Hayden, 'Tsarskoe Selo: The History of the Ekaterininskii and Aleksandrovskii Parks', in A sense of place: Tsarskoe Selo and its poets A sense of place: Tsarskoe Selo and its poets, eds. L. Loseff and B. Scherr (Columbus, OH, 1993), 28.

17. A. Makhrov, 'Architecture and politics: Catherine the Great's "Greek Project" in the works of Nikolai L'vov', SGECRN SGECRN, 26 (1998), 12; Wortman, Scenarios Scenarios, 153, 160, 1723.

18. McGrew, ch. 10.

19. PSZ PSZ, xxvi: 19,779, 12 Mar. 1801. This section draws in revised form on materials first discussed in my article, 'The posthumous reputation of Catherine II in Russia, 17971837', SEER SEER, 77 (1999), 64679, where further references may be found.

20. A. G. Cross, 'Contemporary responses (17621810) to the personality and career of Princess Ekaterina Romanovna Dashkova', Oxford Slavonic Papers Oxford Slavonic Papers, NS 27 (1994), 56; The Russian Journals of Martha and Catherine Wilmot The Russian Journals of Martha and Catherine Wilmot, ed. the Marchioness of Londonderry and H.M. Hyde (London, 1935), 52, Martha's Journal, 23 Sept. 1803.

21. A. Malinovskii, 'Svedeniia dlia zhizneopisaniia Kniagini Ekateriny Romanovny Dashkovoi', appendix to S. R. Dolgova, 'E.R. Dashkova i sem'ia Malinovskikh', in Ekaterina Romanovna Dashkova: Issledovaniia i materialy Ekaterina Romanovna Dashkova: Issledovaniia i materialy (SPb, 1996), 78. (SPb, 1996), 78.

22. Russian Journals Russian Journals, 206, Catherine to her sister, Alicia, 2 Dec. 1805.

23. K[niaginia] D[ashkova] and A. K., Podlinnye Anekdoty Imperatritsy Ekateriny Velikoi Premudroi Materi Otechestva Podlinnye Anekdoty Imperatritsy Ekateriny Velikoi Premudroi Materi Otechestva (M, 1806), iii. (M, 1806), iii.

24. V. Iu. Afiani, 'Stanovlenie zhurnal'noi arkheografii v Rossii v pervoi treti XIX v.', Arkheograficheskii ezheG.o.dnik za 1989 G.o.d Arkheograficheskii ezheG.o.dnik za 1989 G.o.d (M, 1990), 30. (M, 1990), 30.

25. Zapiski kasatel'no Rossiiskoi Istorii: Sochineniia Gosudaryni Imperatritsy Ekateriny II Zapiski kasatel'no Rossiiskoi Istorii: Sochineniia Gosudaryni Imperatritsy Ekateriny II, 6 parts (SPb, 1801); Filosoficheskaia i politicheskaia perepiska Imperatritsy s Doktorom Tsimermannom Filosoficheskaia i politicheskaia perepiska Imperatritsy s Doktorom Tsimermannom etc. (SPb, 1801); etc. (SPb, 1801); Ermitazhnyi Teatr Velikiia Ekateriny Ermitazhnyi Teatr Velikiia Ekateriny etc. etc. (M, 1802); etc. etc. (M, 1802); Perepiska Rossiiskoi Imperatritsy Ekateriny II s gospodiny Vol'tera Perepiska Rossiiskoi Imperatritsy Ekateriny II s gospodiny Vol'tera etc., 2 parts (M, 1803). etc., 2 parts (M, 1803).

26. [N.M. Karamzin], Pokhval'noe slovo Ekaterine Vtoroi Pokhval'noe slovo Ekaterine Vtoroi (M, 1802). (M, 1802).

27. P. Kolotov, Deianiia Ekateriny, Imperatritsy i Samoderzhitsy Vserossiiskiia Deianiia Ekateriny, Imperatritsy i Samoderzhitsy Vserossiiskiia, 6 parts (SPb, 1811).

28. I. S[reznevskii], Dukh Ekateriny Velikiia Dukh Ekateriny Velikiia etc. etc. (SPb, 1814), foreword, n.p. etc. etc. (SPb, 1814), foreword, n.p.

29. Russian Journals Russian Journals, 386, 388, Martha's Journal, 7 Oct. 1808.

30. F. F. Vigel, Zapiski Zapiski, ed. S. Ia. Straikh, 2 vols. (M, 1928), i: 100.

31. P. Sumarokov, Progulka po 12-ti guberniiam s istoricheskimi i statisticheskimi zamecheniiami v 1838 G.o.du Progulka po 12-ti guberniiam s istoricheskimi i statisticheskimi zamecheniiami v 1838 G.o.du (SPb, 1839), 202. (SPb, 1839), 202.

32. D. Davydov, Voennye zapiski Voennye zapiski, ed. V. Orlov (M, 1940), 415; idem, Sochineniia Sochineniia (M, 1985), 129. (M, 1985), 129.

33. A. I. Gertsen, Sobranie sochinenii Sobranie sochinenii, 30 vols. (M, 195465), vii: 53; A. Herzen, My past and thoughts My past and thoughts, trans. C. Garnett, 4 vols. (London, 1968), ii: 531.

34. 18571861: Perepiska Imperatora Aleksandra II s Velikim Kniazem Konstantinom Nikolaevichem; Dnevnik Velikago Kniazia Konstantina Nikolaevicha 18571861: Perepiska Imperatora Aleksandra II s Velikim Kniazem Konstantinom Nikolaevichem; Dnevnik Velikago Kniazia Konstantina Nikolaevicha, eds. L. G. Zakharova and L. I. Tiutiunnik (M, 1994), 212, diary, 13 Dec. 1859.

35. Herzen, My past and thoughts My past and thoughts, ii: 448.

36. A. P. Kern, Vospominaniia, dnevniki, perepiska Vospominaniia, dnevniki, perepiska (M, 1989), 115; (M, 1989), 115; Zapiski Sverbeeva Zapiski Sverbeeva, i: 2424; ii: 2834.

37. T. A. Alekseeva, Vladimir Lukich Borovikovskii i russkaia kul'tura na rubezhe 1819 vekov Vladimir Lukich Borovikovskii i russkaia kul'tura na rubezhe 1819 vekov (M, 1975), 1056. (M, 1975), 1056.

38. A. Grigor'ev, Vospominaniia Vospominaniia, ed. B. F. Egorov (M, 1988), 37.

39. Russian Journals Russian Journals, 386, Martha's Journal, 7 Oct. 1808.

40. K. Sh-v, 'Tsaritsyno', Vestnik Evropy Vestnik Evropy, 11 (1804), July, 21922.

41. P. A. Viazemskii, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, v: 1278; A. F. Merzliakov, 'Ra.s.suzhdenie o Rossiiskom slovesnoti v nyneshnem ee sostoianii (1812)' reprinted in Literaturnaia kritika 18001820-kh G.o.dov Literaturnaia kritika 18001820-kh G.o.dov, ed. L. G. Frizman (M, 1980), 125.

42. Sochineniia Nikolaia Grecha Sochineniia Nikolaia Grecha, 3 vols. (SPb, 1855), iii: 3201.

43. K. N. Batiushkov, Opyty i stikakh v proze Opyty i stikakh v proze, ed. I. M. s.e.m.e.nko (M, 1977), 80.

44. Literaturnaia kritika Literaturnaia kritika, ed. Frizman, 367, 43.

45. Poliarnaia zvezda Poliarnaia zvezda, eds. V. A. Arkhipov et al (Moscow-Leningrad, 1960), 15.

46. Pushkin, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, xiii: 178, to A. A. Bestuzhev, late May/early June 1825.

47. Memoirs of John Quincy Adams Memoirs of John Quincy Adams, 12 vols. (Philadelphia, PA, 18747), ii: 115.

48. PSZ PSZ, xxvi: 19,904, 5 June 1801.

49. Parkinson, 61; V. Khodasevich, Derzhavin: A biography Derzhavin: A biography, trans. A. Brantlinger (Madison, WI, 2007), 934; N. Riasanovsky, Nicholas I and Official Nationality 18251855 Nicholas I and Official Nationality 18251855 (Berkeley, CA, 1969), 1167. (Berkeley, CA, 1969), 1167.

50. M. V. Klochkov, 'Nakaz imperatritsy Ekateriny II v sudebnoi praktike', Sbornik statei v chesti M. K. Liubavskago Sbornik statei v chesti M. K. Liubavskago (Petrograd, 1917), 118. (Petrograd, 1917), 118.