M423 Marshaling of the Grecian forces at Marathon. The battle of Marathon.

M424 Results of the battle.

M425 Fame of Miltiades. His subsequent reverses. His death. Jealousies between Aristides and Themistocles.

M426 Not altogether on personal grounds.

M427 Renewed preparations of Darius. His death.

M428 Xerxes. His enormous preparations. His bridges over the h.e.l.lespont.

M429 His advance. He crosses the h.e.l.lespont. His review of his army.

M430 The magnitude of his forces.

M431 Progress of the Persians.

M432 Preparations of the Athenians. Sparta commands the land forces and Athens the naval.

M433 The pa.s.s of Thermopylae.

M434 Interruption of military preparations by the Olympic games.

M435 Leonidas defends the pa.s.s of Thermopylae.

M436 The Greek fleet. Disaster to the Persian fleet.

M437 Attack on the Greeks by the Persians.

M438 Leonidas defends the pa.s.s, but is slain. Heroic death of the three hundred Spartans.

M439 The dismay and indignation of Xerxes.

M440 Naval battle of Artemisium.

M441 Themistocles sails for Salamis.

M442 Despair of the Greeks. Themistocles revives courage by his "wooden wall."

M443 The hostile fleets at Salamis.

M444 Self-confidence of Xerxes. Battle of Salamis and retreat of Xerxes.

M445 The important results.

M446 Mardonius left in command of the Persians. He ravishes Attica and Botia.

M447 The Greeks a.s.semble against the Persians at Plataea. Preparations for battle.

M448 Battle of Plataea.

M449 Chastis.e.m.e.nt of Thebes.

M450 Battle of Mycale.

M451 Rivalry between Athens and Sparta.

M452 Disgrace and death of Pausanias.

M453 Fall of Themistocles. Cimon Death of Themistocles..

M454 Death of Aristides.

M455 Death of Xerxes.

M456 Rivalry between the Grecian States.

M457 Pre-eminently between Athens and Sparta.

M458 Opposition by Sparta to the fortifications of Athens.

M459 The city nevertheless fortified. The Peireus. Increase of the navy.

Confederacy of Delos.

M460 Confederacy of Delos.

M461 Change in the Athenian const.i.tution.

M462 The political growth of Athens.

M463 The Confederate States.

M464 Unpopularity of Athens.

M465 Expeditions against Persia.

M466 Sparta. Rebellion of the Helots. Cimon opposed to Pericles. Alliance of different states with Athens.

M467 Defeat of Athens on the land and victory on the sea.

M468 Pericles begins his career. Cimon banished.

M469 Hostilities between Sparta and Athens.

M470 Ascendency of Pericles. His character and accomplishments.

M471 The union of the Peireus with Athens.

M472 Magnanimity of Cimon.

M473 Completion of the long walls.

M474 Death of Cimon.

M475 Pericles without rivals.

M476 Aggrandizement of Athens.

M477 Change in the const.i.tution by Pericles. Increase of democratic power. The dikasts. Ascendency of the democratic power.

M478 Other political changes effected by Pericles.

M479 Improvements of Athens.

M480 The public buildings.

M481 Impulse given to literature. The drama.

M482 aeschylus. Sophocles.

M483 Comedy.

M484 Power of the stage.

M485 The historians and philosophers.

M486 Athens declines in moral power.

M487 Aspasia.

M488 Latter days of Pericles. Policy of Pericles.

M489 Causes of the war.

M490 War between Corcyra and Corinth. Both parties appealed to Athens.

Athens decides in favor of Corcyra.

M491 Intrigues of Sparta.

M492 Pericles urges the Athenians to support a war. Imperious demands of Sparta. Preparations for war. Wealth of Athens.

M493 Immense array of forces against Athens.

M494 Invasion of Attica. Defensive policy of Pericles.

M495 Retreat of the Lacedaemonians.

M496 Athens sets aside 1,000 talents for future contingencies.

M497 Results of the first year of the war.

M498 The Spartans again invade Attica.

M499 The plague at Athens.

M500 Naval expedition against Sparta. Death of Pericles.

M501 Sparta invokes the aid of the Persians.

M502 Results of the second year of the war.

M503 Siege of Plataea.

M504 Naval defeat of the Spartans.

M505 Results of the third campaign.

M506 Renewed invasion of Athens. Revolt and subjugation of Mitylene.

M507 Surrender of Plataea.

M508 Cruelties of the Athenians at Corcyra.

M509 Nicias. He continues the policy of Pericles. Opposed by Alcibiades and Cleon.

M510 The fifth year of the war.

M511 The sixth year of the war. Undecisive nature of the conflict. Great defeat of the Lacedaemonians at Pylus. Sparta seeks peace. Peace prevented by Cleon.

M512 Renewed hostilities. Surrender of Sphacteria. Triumph of the Athenians. Who refuse all overtures of peace.

M513 Situation of Athens in eighth year of the war.

M514 Despair of the Lacedaemonians, and slaughter of the Helots.

M515 Attack of Megara.

M516 Relieved by Brasidas.

M517 Occupation of Delium by the Athenians.

M518 Battle of Delium.

M519 Disasters of the Athenians in Thrace. Successes of Brasidas.

M520 Loss of Amphipolis.