Dysentery, parasites: Wilson, "The Operations of the 509th Parachute Battalion in North Africa," 1948; Hamilton H. Howze, "The Battle of Sidi bou Zid," lecture, n.d., Cavalry School, MHI ("Stuka time"); D'Arcy-Dawson, 95 ("Messerstorks"); Ray, 34 (250 Allied casualties); Ford, 44 (Evelegh ordered); Austin, 77.

"Never out of artillery range": Lawrence J. Starr, ASEQ, 135th Inf, 34th ID, MHI ("An old man at twenty"); Tank Destroyer Forces World War II, 24; Liebling, 66 ("old man with chilblains"); Robinett, Armor Command, 139 ("Lay it on them!"); Abbott, 83 ("Mother, please").

"I should have": diary, Nov. 10, 1942, OW, MHI; Robinett, Armor Command, 28 ("I would either go").

Known as Dan: author interviews, Edith Ward Spalding, Oct. 2000, Robin Ward Yates, Sept. 2000, and John Ward Yates, August 2001; obituary, Assembly, March 1973; Gugeler, ts, n.d. (unpublished Ward biography), OW, MHI, I-11, III-1, V-4, VII-13, IX-4, IX-22; David A. Shugart, "On the Way: The U.S. Field Artillery in the Inter-War Period," paper, Apr. 2000, Society for Military History, 5; W. B. Smith to OW, July 1943, OW, MHI; OW to 8th AD cadre, March 3, 1942, OW, MHI.

Ward had two peculiarities: Gugeler, IX-16; diary, Nov. 8, 1942, Jan. 15, 20, 27, 1943, OW, MHI.

"The Touch of the World"

The Emperor of the West: logs, FRUS; Reilly, 152; Elliott Roosevelt, As He Saw It, 71 ("Winnie is").

Preserving the status quo: Austin, 73 ("Business: Chiefs of Staff"); Sherwood, 676 ("Ike seems jittery"); Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, 133, 135; Frederick E. Morgan, OH, n.d., FCP, MHI (how such a man).

He spoke without notes: Chandler, 906n; FRUS, Jan. 15, 1943, 569 ("might be a good division"), 567 ("At first operations").

Watching this performance: Bryant, 17, 552 ("shooting his tongue"); Boatner, 63; Danchev and Todman, eds., xv ("I flatly disagree"); David Fraser, Alanbrooke, 9293, 297; Kennedy, 291.

did not distract: Danchev and Todman, eds., 352 ("ridiculous plan"), 351 ("Eisenhower as a general").

Now Brooke pounced: msg no. COS (W) 430, British chiefs of staff, Jan. 5, 1943, Watson Notes, GCM Lib; FRUS, 567, 574, 577; Bryant, 548; NWAf, 353; Hinsley, British Intelligence in the Second World War, vol. II, 579 (Ultra decrypt today).

Eisenhower tried to regroup: FRUS, 56769 ("any necessary adjustments"); Three Years, 236 ("Fredendall's plan"); "Minutes of Meeting," CCS, Jan. 15, 1943, NARA RG 218, JCS records, box 195.

British and American chiefs: Kent Roberts Greenfield, American Strategy in World War II: A Reconsideration, 31; Howard, Grand Strategy, vol. IV, 245; Morison, The Two-Ocean War, 241; Behrens, 328; Francis Tuker, Approach to Battle, 319 (It is axiomatic).

No sooner had Eisenhower: FRUS, 539 ("final victory"); memo, British chiefs of staff, Jan. 2, 1943, NARA RG 165, E 422, box 54; "Minutes of Meeting," JCS, Jan. 16, 1943, 1700 hrs., NARA RG 218, box 169; Matloff, 24 (Eisenhower's own planners).

All of which argued: FRUS, 539, 570, 572, 573; Clark, Calculated Risk, 50 ("Why stick your head"); Leighton and Coakley, 673.

As Brooke had listened: Bryant, 545; Pogue, George C. Marshall: Organizer of Victory, 19431945, 7; Ernest J. King and Walter Muir Whitehill, Fleet Admiral King, 413 ("old crustacean"); Buell, xi, 11, 75 (foghorn voice), 7879 (bibulous and lecherous); GCM, OH, Oct. 5, 1956, Forrest Pogue, GCM Lib ("Albion perfidious"); C. E. Lambe, OH, Feb. 26, 1947, FCP, MHI ("his eye on the Pacific").

King threw a rock: "Minutes of Meeting," JCS, Jan. 16, 1943, 1700 hrs., NARA RG 218, box 169 ("do not seem"); FRUS, 547, 549; Mary H. Williams, ed., Chronology, 19411945, USAWWII, 8197; Leighton and Coakley, 662, 663n (only 15 percent); Mansoor, The GI Offensive in Europe, 4748 (virtually all U.S. Marines); Matloff and Snell, 157 (at least three times), 35760.

No matter: FRUS, 553, 555; Albert C. Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer Reports!, 165 (secretly tape-recorded), 158; "Minutes of Meeting," JCS, Jan. 16, 1943, 0930 hrs., NARA RG 218, box 169 ("If we subscribed").

Brooke recorded his assessment: Danchev and Todman, eds., 360.

Casablanca lay: Gugeler, ts, MHI, X-53 ("too terrible"); Three Years, 243 ("neck is in a noose"); Butcher diary, DDE Lib, A-176; Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, 13637; Danchev and Todman, eds., 363 ("deficient of experience"); Sherwood, 689 ("The President told General Marshall"); D'Este, Eisenhower: A Soldier's Life, 623 (read in mss) ("what I'm going to do with Tunisia"); Roosevelt, As He Saw It, 79 ("What's your guess?"); Blumenson, The Patton Papers, 19401945, 154 ("He thinks his thread").

Brooke's deputy: Kennedy, 273 ("He is difficult enough"); Codman, 76; Durno, 73 ("You Are My Sunshine"); Reilly, 155; Harmon, Combat Commander, 109 ("Corporal of the guard!").

Mornings, he lounged: Sherwood, 688; Roosevelt, As He Saw It, 102; Macmillan, The Blast of War, 194; Kersaudy, 240 ("Come and see"); Ismay, OH, Dec. 17 and Dec. 20, 1946, FCP, MHI ("Very well"); Frederick E. Morgan, OH, n.d., FCP, MHI ("to view with contempt"); Charles F. A. Portal, OH, Feb. 7, 1947, FCP, MHI ("We don't get paid").

Roosevelt also found: Roosevelt, As He Saw It, 94; Codman, 76; Powell, In Barbary.

A state dinner: FRUS, 832 (effects of teetotalism), 608 ("there just aren't going").

Around and around: "Minutes of Meeting," CCS, Jan. 16, 1943, 1030 hrs., NARA RG 218, JCS records, box 195 ("how Germany is to be defeated").

There it was: "Minutes of a meeting at the White House on Thursday, Jan. 7, 1943, at 1500," NARA RG 165, E 422, box 54; FRUS, 59496, 597 ("not interested in occupying Italy"); Trumbull Higgins, Soft Underbelly, 47; "Minutes of Meeting," CCS, Jan. 18, 1943, 1030 hrs., NARA RG 218, JCS records, box 195.

After two stormy hours: Danchev and Todman, eds., 362 ("It is no use").

"We lost our shirts": Wedemeyer, 19192.

Besides, the president: Signal Corps film, ADC-979 and ADC-465, NARA; Walter Logan, United Press account, Jan. 21, 1943; Durno, 74 ("Roadsides were a panorama"); Reilly, 160 (To distract curious), 155 ("The Heinies know"); Harmon, 109; Blumenson, The Patton Papers, 19401945, 157 ("bunch of cheap detectives"); Clark, Calculated Risk, 149 ("Negro troops who"); Whitehead, 3537; "President's Trip to Casablanca," Guy H. Spaman to Frank J. Wilson, June 26, 1945, FDR Lib, Secret Service records, box 4 (no bullets); Harriman and Abel, 181 (trained on the docile troops).

Rumors that FDR: Houston, 144 ("Anything is possible"); Durno, 7579; Logan, UP account, Jan. 21, 1943; Blumenson, The Patton Papers, 19401945, 158 ("says India is lost"); Three Years, 283 ("hoped to die").

The distant roar: "Minutes of Meeting," CCS, Jan. 19, 1943, 1600 hrs., NARA RG 218, JCS records, box 195; Austin, 7172 ("We'll need"); John S. D. Eisenhower, Allies, 238 ("petit De Gaulle"), 244; Tompkins, 230 ("a self-seeker"); Codman, 72, 80 ("Uncle Sam"); Murphy, 170, 17476; Roosevelt, As He Saw It, 74, 91 ("a dud"); De Gaulle, 387, 392; Anthony Eden, The Memoirs of Anthony Eden, Earl of Avon, 421; Leahy, 144; Pendar, 151 (Jeanne d'Arc); Moran, 88; FRUS, 694; Harmon, 109; Signal Corps film, ADC-979 and ADC-465, NARA; Churchill, The Hinge of Fate, 682; Sherwood, 685 (entire Secret Service detail); Reilly, 158.

But here they were: Signal Corps film, ADC-979 and ADC-465, NARA; Price, 190; MacVane, Journey into War, 18083; Davis, Experience of War, 379; Sherwood, 688 ("a very warlike look"); Jordan, Jordan's Tunis Diary, 153 ("Peter Pan"); Parris and Russell, 277 ("I was born").

As the generals: FRUS, 726 ("unprecedented in history"), 822; Macmillan, The Blast of War, 203; Price, 191; Middleton, 254; Harriman and Abel, 186 ("the privilege"); Moorehead, 119 ("It was all rather embarrassing").

"I think we have all": FRUS, 727; Copson, "Summit at Casablanca" ("storm and ruin").

No one scrutinizing: Sherwood, 687, 696 ("popped into my mind"); FRUS, 635 ("the united nations"); "Minutes of a meeting at the White House on Thursday, Jan. 7, 1943, at 1500," NARA RG 165, E 422, box 54; Wedemeyer, 187 ("compel the Germans").

What was done was done: Robert Dallek, Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 19321945, 373; Howard, Grand Strategy, vol. IV, 28285; Anne Armstrong, Unconditional Surrender, 1314 (Third Punic War and none of the fifteen).

The reporters had their story: MacVane, Journey into War, 18083; Austin, 73 ("What's your paper, eh?"); Middleton, 254 ("the touch of the world").

The Sinners' Concourse

while the hacks: Harriman and Abel, 191 (For four hours); Moran, 89; Churchill, The Hinge of Fate, 694 ("most elaborately organized brothels"); "Minutes of Meeting," Jan. 15, 1943, 1000 hrs., NARA RG 218, JCS records, box 169 ("refuse any invitation"); Sherwood, 694; Pendar, 135.

Their refuge: "Moses Taylor Villa," NARA RG 338, Fifth Army files, box 262; Durno, 26; Bryant, 563; Pendar, 136, 140, 145 (nervous breakdown).

Looming above La Saadia: Moran, 90 ("paralyzed legs dangling"); Churchill, Hinge of Fate, 695; Pendar, 14849.

They sat in reverent silence: FRUS, 535; Powell, In Barbary, 428, 436 (Sinners' Concourse); Pendar, 14849 ("ain't no war"); Marvine Howe, "In Marrakesh," New York Times, March 3, 2002; Larrabee, 39.

But what should happen: Morison, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, vol. IX: Sicily-Salerno-Anzio, 7 ("Where do we go"); GCM, OH, Oct. 29, 1956, FCP, GCM Lib ("chrome steel baseboards"); "Minutes of Meeting," JCS, Jan. 20, 1943, 0900 hrs., NARA RG 218, box 169; Lamb, 222 ("Nothing in the world").

The compromises at Anfa: Behrens, 331; Greenfield, American Strategy, 92 ("I note that the Americans"); Morton Yarmon, "The Administrative and Logistical History of the ETO," part IV, "TORCH and the European Theater of Operations," 1946, CMH, 8.31 AA, 117; Vigneras, 31, 38; Abraham Friedman, "Operation TORCH: The Dispatch of Aircraft from the United Kingdom by Eighth Air Force," Sept. 14, 1944, Historical Section, U.S. Strategic Air Forces in Europe, NARA RG 407, E 427, box 24351, 1516; Slessor, 448.

Many months would also pass: Armstrong, 154 ("putrefying albatross"); Parkinson, 70; Greenfield, American Strategy, 9; Thomas Fleming, The New Dealers' War: F.D.R. and the War Within World War II, 18485; Warlimont, 316; Howard, Grand Strategy, vol. IV, 284 ("a word of encouragement").

A sense of companionship: Murphy, 168 ("a reluctant tail"); Christopher Hitchens, "The Medals of His Defeat," Atlantic Monthly, Apr. 2002, 118 (wariness); Danchev and Todman, eds., 364 ("charming people"); "Minutes of Meeting," copy #61, CCS, NARA RG 218, JCS records, box 195 (some pencil turned); George Q. Flynn, The Mess in Washington: Manpower Mobilization in World War II, 207 (a great waterman); Harriman and Abel, 191 ("the old order could not last").

Dinner at La Saadia: Pendar, 14958 ("I am the pasha" and "Don't tell me"); Roosevelt, As He Saw It, 119; Churchill, The Hinge of Fate, 695; Moran, 90 ("I love these Americans"); Harriman and Abel, 19192; Larrabee, 39.