32. _Essai sur l'histoire des Arabes avant l'Islamisme_, by A. P.

Caussin de Perceval, 3 vols. (Paris, 1847-48).

Affords an excellent survey of Pre-islamic legend and tradition.

33. _Geschichte der Perser und Araber zur Zeit der Sasaniden_, translated from the Annals of ?abari, by Th. Noldeke (Leyden, 1879).

The ample commentary accompanying the translation is valuable and important in the highest degree.

34. _Funf Mo'allaqat ubersetzt und erklart_, by Th. Noldeke (Vienna, 1899-1901).

The omitted _Mu'allaqas_ are those of Imru'u 'l-Qays and Tarafa.

35. _The Seven Golden Odes of Pagan Arabia_, translated from the original Arabic by Lady Anne Blunt and done into English verse by Wilfrid Scawen Blunt (London, 1903).

36. _Hamasa oder die altesten arabischen Volkslieder ubersetzt und erlautert_, by Friedrich Ruckert, 2 vols. (Stuttgart, 1846).

Masterly verse-translations of the old Arabian poetry.

37. _Translations of ancient Arabian poetry, chiefly Pre-islamic_, with an introduction and notes, by C. J. Lyall (London, 1885).

38. _Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Poesie der alten Araber_, by Th.

Noldeke (Hannover, 1864).

39. _Studien in arabischen Dichtern_, Heft iii, _Altarabisches Beduinenleben nach den Quellen geschildert_, by G. Jacob (Berlin, 1897).

40. _Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia_, by W. Robertson Smith (2nd ed., London, 1903).

41. _Lectures on the Religion of the Semites_, First Series, by W.

Robertson Smith, 3rd ed., revised by S. A. Cook (London, 1927).

42. _Reste Arabischen Heidentums_, by J. Wellhausen (2nd ed., Berlin, 1897).

IV

MU?AMMAD AND THE KORAN.

43. _Das Leben Mohammed's_, translated from the Arabic biography of Ibn Hisham by G. Weil, 2 vols. (Stuttgart, 1864).

44. _Muhammed in Medina_, by J. Wellhausen (Berlin, 1882).

An abridged translation of Waqidi's work on Mu?ammad's Campaigns.

45. _Das Leben und die Lehre des Mo?ammad_, by A. Sprenger, 3 vols. (Berlin, 1861-65).

46. _Life of Mahomet_, by Sir W. Muir, ed. by T. H. Weir (Edinburgh, 1923).

47. _Das Leben Muhammed's nach den Quellen popular dargestellt_, by Th. Noldeke (Hannover, 1863).

48. _The Spirit of Islam_, by Syed Ameer Ali (London, 1922).

49. _Mohammed_, by H. Grimme, 2 vols. (Munster, 1892-95).

50. _Die weltgeschichtliche Bedeutung Arabiens: Mohammed_, by H. Grimme (Munich, 1904).

51. _Mohammed and the Rise of Islam_, by D. S. Margoliouth in 'Heroes of the Nations' Series (London and New York, 1905).

52. _Mohammed and Islam_, by A. A. Bevan in _The Cambridge Mediaeval History_, vol. ii, ch. 10 (Cambridge, 1913).

53. _Die Person Muhammeds in Lehre und Glauben seiner Gemeinde_, by Tor Andrae (Uppsala, 1918).

54. _The origin of Islam in its Christian environment_, by R. Bell (London, 1926).

55. _Annali dell' Islam_, by Leone Caetani, Principe di Teano, vol. i (Milan, 1905).

Besides a very full and readable historical introduction this magnificent work contains a detailed account of Mu?ammad's life during the first six years after the Hijra (622-628 A.D.).

56. _The Koran_, translated into English with notes and a preliminary discourse, by G. Sale (London, 1734).

Sale's translation, which has been frequently reprinted, is still serviceable. Mention may also be made of the English versions by J. M. Rodwell (London and Hertford, 1861) and by E. H. Palmer (the best from a literary point of view) in vols.

vi and ix of 'The Sacred Books of the East' (Oxford, 1880); reprinted in _The World's Cla.s.sics_, vol. 328.

57. _Geschichte des Qorans_, by Th. Noldeke, 2nd ed., revised by F. Schwally (Leipzig, 1909-19).

_Cf._ Noldeke's essay, 'The Koran,' in _Sketches from Eastern History_, pp. 21-59, or his article in the _Encyclopaedia Britannica_ (11th ed.).

58. _The Teaching of the Qur'an_, by H. W. Stanton (London, 1920).

V

THE HISTORY OF THE CALIPHATE.

59. _The Caliphate_, by T. W. Arnold (Oxford, 1924).

60. _Geschichte der Chalifen_, by G. Weil, 3 vols. (Mannheim, 1846-51).

Completed by the same author's _Geschichte des Abbasiden-Chalifats in Egypten_, 2 vols. (Stuttgart, 1860-62).

61. _Annals of the Early Caliphate_, by Sir W. Muir (London, 1883).

62. _The Caliphate, its rise, decline, and fall_, by Sir W. Muir (2nd ed., London, 1924).

63. _The Arab Conquest of Egypt and the last thirty years of Roman dominion_, by A. J. Butler (London, 1902).

64. _Das Arabische Reich und sein Sturz_, by J. Wellhausen (Berlin, 1902).

An excellent history of the Umayyad dynasty based on the Annals of Tabari.