Schama, S. 1989. Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution. New York: Knopf.

Schele, L., and P. Mathews. 1998. The Code of Kings: The Language of Seven Sacred Maya Temples and Tombs. New York: Scribner.

Schimmelmann, A., C. A. Lange, and B. J. Meggers. 2003. "Paleoclimatic and Archaeological Evidence for a 200-yr Recurrence of Floods and Droughts Linking California, Mesoamerica, and South America over the Past 2000 Years." The Holocene 13:76378.

Schimper, A. F. W. 1903. Plant-Geography Upon a Physiological Basis. Trans. W. R. Fisher, P. Groom, and I. B. Balfour. Oxford: Oxford University Press (1898).

Schorger, A. W. 1955. The Passenger Pigeon: Its Natural History and Extinction. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.

Schreiber, K. 1992. Wari Imperialism in Middle Horizon Peru. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.

Schultz, E. B., and M. J. Tougias. 1999. King Philip's War: The History and Legacy of America's Forgotten Conflict. Woodstock, VT: Countryman Press.

Schurr, T. G., et al. 1990. "Amerindian Mitochondrial DNAs Have Rare Asian Mutations at High Frequencies, Suggesting They Derived from Four Primary Maternal Lineages." AJHG 46:61323.

Scott, S., and C. Duncan. 2001. Biology of Plagues: Evidence from Historical Populations. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Seed, P. 1991. "'Failing to Marvel': Atahualpa's Encounter with the Word." Latin American Research Review 26:732.

Seeman, M. F. 1979. The Hopewell Interaction Sphere: The Evidence for Interregional Trade and Structural Complexity. Indianapolis, IN: Indiana Historical Society.

Semple, E. C. 1911. Influences of Geographic Environment on the Basis of Ratzel's System of Anthropo-Geography. New York: Holt.

Serrano, J. U. 2002. Zapotec Hieroglyphic Writing. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks.

Seton, E. T. 1929. The Lives of Game Animals. 3 vols. Garden City, NJ: Doubleday, Doran.

Shabecoff, P. 1993. A Fierce Green Fire: The American Environmental Movement. New York: Hill and Wang.

Shady Solis, R. 2003a. "Flautas de Caral: El Conjunto Musical mas Antiguo de America," in Shady Solis and Leyva 2003, 28992.

---. 2003b. "Las Flautas de Caral-Supe: Aproximaciones al Estudio Acustico-Arqueologico del Conjunto de Flautas mas Antiguo de America," in Shady Solis and Leyva 2003, 293300.

Shady Solis, R., and C. Leyva, eds. 2003. La Ciudad Sagrada de Caral-Supe: Los Origenes de la Civilizacion Andina y la Formacion del Estado Pristino en el Antiguo Peru. Lima: Instituto Nacional de Cultura.

Shady Solis, R., J. Haas, and W. Creamer. 2001. "Dating Caral, a Preceramic Site in the Supe Valley on the Central Coast of Peru." Science 292:72326.

Sharp, L. 1969. "Introduction," in Holmberg 1969:iiixix.

Shaw, J. H. 1995. "How Many Bison Originally Populated Western Rangelands?" Rangelands 17:14850.

Shetler, S. 1991. "Three Faces of Eden," in Viola and Margolis eds. 1991, 22547.

Shimada, I. 2000. "The Late Prehispanic Coastal States," in L. Laurencich-Minelli, ed., The Inca World: The Development of Pre-Columbian Peru, A.D. 10001534. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2000.

Shorto, R. 2004. The Island at the Center of the World: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony That Shaped America. New York: Doubleday.

Shoumatoff, A. 1986. "A Reporter at Large (The Amazons)." New Yorker, 24 Mar., 85107.

Shuffelton, F. 1976. "Indian Devils and Pilgrim Fathers: Squanto, Hobomok, and the English Conception of Indian Religion." New England Quarterly 49:10816.

Sidrys, R., and R. Berger. 1979. "Lowland Maya Radiocarbon Dates and the Classic Maya Collapse." Nature 277:26977.

Silverberg, R. 1968. The Mound Builders of Ancient America. New York: Graphic Society.

Silverman, H., ed. 2004. Andean Archaeology. Malden, MA: Blackwell.

Silverstein, J. E. 1998. "A Study of the Late Postclassic Aztec-Tarascan Frontier in Northern Guerrero, Mexico: The Oztuma-Cutzamala Project, 1998." FAMSI. Online at http://www.famsi.org/reports/97014/.

Simmons, A. H., et al. 1988. "'Ain Ghazal: A Major Neolithic Settlement in Central Jordan." Science 240:3539.

Slater, C. 1995. "Amazonia as Edenic Narrative," in Cronon ed. 1995, 11431.

Sluyter, A. 1994. "Intensive Wetland Agriculture in Mesoamerica: Space, Time, and Form." AAAG 84:55784.

Smith, A. 1990. Explorers of the Amazon. New York: Viking.

Smith, B. D. 1992. Rivers of Change: Essays on Early Agriculture in Eastern North America. Washington, DC: Smithsonian.

---. 1989. "Origins of Agriculture in Eastern North America." Science 246:156671.

Smith, J. 1910. A Map of Virginia, with a Description of the Countrey, the Commodities, People, Government, and Religion, in Arber and Bradley 1910, 41173 (1612).

Smith, M. E. 1984. "The Aztlan Migrations of the Nahuatl Chronicles: Myth or History?" Ethnohistory 31:15386.

---. 1962. "The Codex Columbino: A Document of the South Coast of Oaxaca." Tlalocan 4:27688.

Smith, M. T. 1994. "Aboriginal Depopulation in the Post-Contact Southeast," in C. Hudson and C. C. Tesser, eds., The Forgotten Centuries: Indians and Europeans in the American South, 15211704. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 25775.

---. 1987. Archaeology of Aboriginal Culture Change in the Interior Southeast: Depopulation During the Early Historic Period. Gainesville, FL: University Presses of Florida.

Smith, N. L. 1995. "Human-Induced Landscape Changes in Amazonia and Implications for Development," in B. L. Turner II, et al., eds., Global Land Use Change: A Perspective from the Columbian Encounter. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 22151.

---. 1980. "Anthrosols and Human Carrying Capacity in Amazonia." AAAG 70:55366.

Snow, D. R. 1995. "Microchronology and Demographic Evidence Relating to the Size of Pre-Columbian North American Indian Populations." Science 268:160105.

---. 1994. The Iroquois. New York: Blackwell.

---. 1992. "Disease and Population Decline in the Northeast," in Verano and Ubelaker 1992, 17786.

---. 1980. The Archaeology of New England. New York: Academic.

Snow, D. R., and K. M. Lanphear. 1988. "European Contact and Indian Depopulation in the Northeast: The Timing of the First Epidemics." Ethnohistory 35:533.

Sombroek, W., et al. 2004. "Amazonian Dark Earths as Carbon Stores and Sinks," in Lehmann et al. 2004, 12539.

Soto-Heim, P. 1994. "Les Hommes de Lagoa Santa (Bresil): Caracteres Anthropologiques et Position parmi d'autres Populations Paleoindiennes d'Amerique." L'Anthropologie (Paris) 98:81109.

Soule, M. E., and G. Lease, eds. 1995. Reinventing Nature? Responses to Postmodern Deconstruction. Washington, DC: Island.

Spence, K. 2000. "Ancient Egyptian Chronology and the Astronomical Orientation of Pyramids." Nature 408:32024.

Spencer, C. S. 2003. "War and Early State Formation in Oaxaca, Mexico." PNAS 100:1118587.

Spencer, C. S., and E. S. Redmond. 2001. "Multilevel Selection and Political Evolution in the Valley of Oaxaca, 500100 B.C." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 20:195229.

Spiess, A. E., and B. D. Spiess. 1987. "New England Pandemic of 16161622: Cause and Archaeological Implication." Man in the Northeast 34:7183.

Spinden, H. J. 1928. "The Population of Ancient America." Geographical Review 28:64160.

Spores, R. 1974. "Marital Alliance in the Political Integration of Mixtec Kingdoms." AA 76:297311.

Spotts, P. N. 2003. "Religion in the Americas Began in 2250 B.C." Christian Science Monitor, 17 Apr.

Stahl, P. W. 2002. "Paradigms in Paradise: Revising Standard Amazonian Prehistory." Review of Archaeology 23:3951.

---. 1996. "Holocene Biodiversity: An Archaeological Perspective from the Americas." Annual Review of Anthropology 25:10526.

Stahle, D. W., et al. 1998. "The Lost Colony and Jamestown Droughts." Science 280:56467.

Stanford, D., and B. Bradley. 2002. "Ocean Trails and Prairie Paths? Thoughts About Clovis Origins," in Jablonski ed. 2002, 25571.

Stanish, C. 2003. Ancient Titicaca: The Evolution of Complex Society in Southern Peru and Northern Bolivia. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

---. 2001. "Formacion Estatal Temprana en la Cuenca del Lago Titicaca, Andes Surcentrales," in Kaulicke and Isbell eds. 2001, 189215.

Stannard, D. E. 2001. "Uniqueness as Denial: The Politics of Genocide Scholarship," in A. S. Rosenbaum, ed., Is the Holocaust Unique? Perspectives on Comparative Genocide. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2nd ed., 24590.

---. 1992. American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World. New York: Oxford University Press.

---. 1991. "The Consequences of Contact: Toward an Interdisciplinary Theory of Native Responses to Biological and Cultural Invasion," in Thomas 198991, 3:51939.

Stearman, A. M. 1987. No Longer Nomads: The Siriono Revisited. New York: Hamilton.

---. 1986. "Territory Folks." NH (March):610.

---. 1984. "The Yuqui Connection: Another Look at Siriono Deculturation." AA 86:63050.

Stearns, P. N. 1987. World History: Patterns of Change and Continuity. New York: Harper and Row.

Steele, D. G., and J. F. Powell. 2002. "Facing the Past: A View of the North American Human Fossil Record," in Jablonski ed. 2002, 93122.

Steiner, C., W. G. Teixeira, and W. Zech. 2004. "Slash and Char: An Alternative to Slash and Burn Practiced in the Amazon Basin," in Glaser and Woods eds. 2004, 18393.

Steuter, A. 1991. "Human Impacts on Biodiversity in America: Thoughts from the Grassland Biome" (letter). Conservation Biology 5:13637.

Steward, J. H. 1948. "Culture Areas of the Tropical Forests." Bulletin of the Bureau of American Ethnology 143:88389.

Steward, J. H., ed. 1946. Handbook of South American Indians. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 7 vols.

Stewart-Smith, D. 1998. The Pennacook Indians and the New England Frontier, Circa 16041733. PhD diss. Union Institute, Cincinnati, OH.

Stirland, A. 1995. "Evidence for Pre-Columbian Treponematosis in Europe (England)," in O. Dutour et al., eds., The Origin of Syphilis in Europe. Toulon, France: Centre Archeologique du Var, 10915.

Stirling, M. W. 1940a. An Initial Series from Tres Zapotes, Veracruz, Mexico. Washington, DC: National Geographic.

---. 1940b. "Great Stone Faces of the Mexican Jungle." National Geographic (September):30934.

---. 1939. "Discovering the New World's Oldest Dated Work of Man." National Geographic (August):183218.

Stokstad, E. 2002. "Oldest New World Writing Suggests Olmec Innovation." Science 298:187273.

Stone, A. 1989. "Disconnection, Foreign Insignia, and Political Expansion: Teotihuacan and the Warrior Stelae of Piedras Negras," in R. A. Diehl and J. C. Berlo, eds., Mesoamerica After the Decline of Teotihuacan, A.D. 700900. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks, 15372.

Stott, P. 1999. Tropical Rain Forest: A Political Ecology of Hegemonic Mythmaking. London: Coronet.

Straus, L. G. 2000. "Solutrean Settlement of North America? A Review of Reality." AmAnt, 65:21926.

Stuart, D. 2000. "'The Arrival of Strangers': Teotihuacan and Tollan in Classic Maya History," in D. Carrasco, L. Jones, and S. Sessions, eds., Mesoamerica's Classic Heritage: From Teotihuacan to the Aztecs. Boulder, CO: University of Colorado Press, 465513.

Stuart, G. E. 1993a. "New Light on the Olmec." National Geographic (November):88115.

---. 1993b. "The Carved Stela from La Mojarra, Veracruz, Mexico." Science 259:170001.

Studd, H. 2001. "Essex Girl Claims an Historic First: Syphilis." Times (London), 31 May.

Stuiver, M., et al. 1998. "INTCAL98 Radiocarbon Age Calibration, 24,000-0 cal BP." Radiocarbon 40:104183.

Sullivan, T. D., and T. K. Knab, eds., trans. 1994. A Scattering of Jades: Stories, Poems, and Prayers of the Aztecs. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.

Sundstrom, L. 1997. "Smallpox Used Them Up: References to Epidemic Disease in Northern Plains Winter Counts, 17141920." Ethnohistory 44:30543.

Swadesh, M. 1971. "What Is Glottochronology?" in Swadesh ed. 1971, 27184.

---. 1952. "Lexicostatistic Dating of Prehistoric Ethnic Contacts." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 96:15263.

Swadesh, M., ed. 1971. The Origin and Diversification of Language. Chicago: Aldine Atherton.

Tate, C., and G. Bendersky. 1999. "Olmec Sculptures of the Human Fetus." Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 42:30333.

Taylor, T. G. 1927. Environment and Race: A Study of the Evolution, Migration, Settlement and Status of the Races of Man. London: Oxford University Press.

Tehanetorens. 1971. The Great Law of Peace of the Longhouse People. Rooseveltown, NY: White Roots of Peace.

Temple, R. 1998. The Genius of China: 3,000 Years of Science, Discovery, and Invention. New York: Prion.

Teresi, D. 2002. Lost Discoveries: The Ancient Roots of Modern Science-from the Babylonians to the Maya. New York: Simon and Schuster.