14. _How many Subst.i.tutes has i long?_ Two.

15. _What are they?_ _Y_ in chyme; and _oi_ in choir.

16. _How many Subst.i.tutes has i short?_ Six.

17. _What are they?_ _Y_ in hymn; _e_ in England; _u_ in busy; _o_ in women; _ee_ in been; and _ai_ in captain.

18. _How many Subst.i.tutes has o long?_ Two.

19. _What are they?_ _Eau_ in beau; and _ew_ in sew.

20. _How many Subst.i.tutes has o short?_ One.

21. _What is it?_ _A_ in what.

22. _How many Subst.i.tutes has u long?_ One.

23. _What is it?_ _Ew_ in new.

24. _How many Subst.i.tutes has u short?_ Three.

25. _What are they?_ _E_ in her; _i_ in sir; and _o_ in son.

26. _How many Subst.i.tutes has u medial?_ One.

27. _What is it?_ _O_ in wolf.

28. _How many Subst.i.tutes has F?_ Two.

29. _What are they?_ _Gh_ in laugh; and _ph_ in philosophy.

30. _How many Subst.i.tutes has J?_ Three.

31. _What are they?_ _G_ in rage; _di_ in soldier; and _d_ in verdure.

32. _How many Subst.i.tutes has S?_ Two.

33. _What are they?_ _C_ soft, as in central; and _z_ in quartz.

34. _How many Subst.i.tutes has T?_ One.

35. _What is it?_ _Ed_ final, after any aspirate except t.

36. _How many Subst.i.tutes has V?_ One.

37. _What is it?_ _F_ in of.

38. _How many Subst.i.tutes has W?_ One.

39. _What is it?_ _U_ in quick.

40. _How many Subst.i.tutes has X?_ One.

41. _What is it?_ _Ks_ in exist.

42. _How many Subst.i.tutes has Y?_ One.

43. _What is it?_ _I_ in alien.

44. _How many Subst.i.tutes has Z?_ Three.

45. _What are they?_ _S_ in was; _c_ in suffice; and _x_ in xebec.

46. _How many Subst.i.tutes has Ch?_ Two.

47. _What are they?_ _Ti_ in question; and _t_ in nature.

48. _How many Subst.i.tutes has Sh?_ Six.

49. _What are they?_ _Ce_ in ocean; _ci_ in social; _si_ in mansion; _ti_ in motion; _ch_ in chaise; and _s_ in sugar.

50. _How many Subst.i.tutes has Zh?_ Four.

51. _What are they?_ _Si_ in fusion; _zi_ in brazier; _z_ in azure; and _s_ in rasure.

52. _How many subst.i.tutes has Ng?_ One.

53. _What is it?_ N generally before palate sounds; as, conquer, etc.

54. _What letters have no Subst.i.tutes?_ B, D, G, H, L, M, N, P, and R.

55. _What combinations have no Subst.i.tutes?_ Th and Wh.

56. _Why is X never doubled?_ It already represents the sounds of K and S.

57. _What letter ends no English word?_ J.

DEFINITIONS AND WORDS.

1. _What is Language?_ Any method for the communication of thought and feeling.

2. _What is Natural Language?_ Instinctive methods of communicating thought or feeling.

3. _What is Artificial Language?_ That which must be learned before it can be used.